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Crystalline Bilayer Graphene with Preferential Stacking from Ni-Cu Gradient Alloy
Gao, Zhaoli,Zhang, Qicheng,Naylor, Carl H.,Kim, Youngkuk,Abidi, Irfan Haider,Ping, Jinglei,Ducos, Pedro,Zauberman, Jonathan,Zhao, Meng-Qiang,Rappe, Andrew M.,Luo, Zhengtang,Ren, Li,Johnson, Alan T. Ch American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.3
<P>We developed a high-yield synthesis of highly crystalline bilayer graphene (BLG) with two preferential stacking modes using a Ni-Cu gradient alloy growth substrate. Previously reported approaches for BLG growth include flat growth substrates of Cu or Ni-Cu <I>uniform</I> alloys and “copper pocket” structures. Use of flat substrates has the advantage of being scalable, but the growth mechanism is either “surface limited” (for Cu) or carbon precipitation (for uniform Ni-Cu), which results in multicrystalline BLG grains. For copper pockets, growth proceeds through a carbon back-diffusion mechanism, which leads to the formation of highly crystalline BLG, but scaling of the copper pocket structure is expected to be difficult. Here we demonstrate a Ni-Cu gradient alloy that combines the advantages of these earlier methods: the substrate is flat, so easy to scale, while growth proceeds by a carbon back-diffusion mechanism leading to high-yield growth of BLG with high crystallinity. The BLG layer stacking was almost exclusively Bernal or twisted with an angle of 30°, consistent with first-principles calculations we conducted. Furthermore, we demonstrated scalable production of transistor arrays based crystalline Bernal-stacked BLG with a band gap that was tunable at room temperature.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Scalable Production of Sensor Arrays Based on High-Mobility Hybrid Graphene Field Effect Transistors
Gao, Zhaoli,Kang, Hojin,Naylor, Carl H.,Streller, Frank,Ducos, Pedro,Serrano, Madeline D.,Ping, Jinglei,Zauberman, Jonathan,Rajesh,Carpick, Robert W.,Wang, Ying-Jun,Park, Yung Woo,Luo, Zhengtang,Ren, American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.41
<P>We have developed a scalable fabrication process for the production of DNA biosensors based on gold nanoparticle-decorated graphene field effect transistors (AuNP-Gr-FETs), where monodisperse AuNPs are created through physical vapor deposition followed by thermal annealing. The FETs are created in a four-probe configuration, using an optimized bilayer photolithography process that yields chemically clean devices, as confirmed by XPS and AFM, with high carrier mobility (3590 +/- 710 cm2/V.s) and low unintended doping (Dirac voltages of 9.4 +/- 2.7 V). The AuNP-Gr-FETs were readily functionalized with thiolated probe DNA to yield DNA biosensors with a detection limit of 1 nM and high specificity against noncomplementary DNA. Our work provides a pathway toward the scalable fabrication of high-performance AuNP-Gr-FET devices for label-free nucleic acid testing in a realistic clinical setting.</P>