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A societal perspective of sport: scale development in two settings
Michael E. Naylor,Brian S. Gordon,Jeffrey D. James 한국마케팅과학회 2012 마케팅과학연구 Vol.22 No.2
Sport scholars have been challenged to critically examine what constitutes distinctive areas of focus for the management of sport. Among these areas, the role of sport in society has been identified as a critical area of inquiry to derive this distinctiveness (Coalter, 2007; Zeigler, 2007). Due to the importance and pervasiveness of sport participation and sport spectating in society, an examination of these settings from a societal perspective is warranted. The purpose of the research was to construct and empirically test scales designed to explore sport participation and sport spectating contexts from a societal perspective. Sport participants (n ¼ 720) and sport spectators (n ¼ 451) completed adapted instruments based on the initial scale development work of Kang (2004). For both contexts, an examination of the psychometric properties revealed evidence of reliability and validity of the modified instruments. Perceptions of the dimensions differed between the sport participation and sport spectating setting. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
Scalable Production of Sensor Arrays Based on High-Mobility Hybrid Graphene Field Effect Transistors
Gao, Zhaoli,Kang, Hojin,Naylor, Carl H.,Streller, Frank,Ducos, Pedro,Serrano, Madeline D.,Ping, Jinglei,Zauberman, Jonathan,Rajesh,Carpick, Robert W.,Wang, Ying-Jun,Park, Yung Woo,Luo, Zhengtang,Ren, American Chemical Society 2016 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.8 No.41
<P>We have developed a scalable fabrication process for the production of DNA biosensors based on gold nanoparticle-decorated graphene field effect transistors (AuNP-Gr-FETs), where monodisperse AuNPs are created through physical vapor deposition followed by thermal annealing. The FETs are created in a four-probe configuration, using an optimized bilayer photolithography process that yields chemically clean devices, as confirmed by XPS and AFM, with high carrier mobility (3590 +/- 710 cm2/V.s) and low unintended doping (Dirac voltages of 9.4 +/- 2.7 V). The AuNP-Gr-FETs were readily functionalized with thiolated probe DNA to yield DNA biosensors with a detection limit of 1 nM and high specificity against noncomplementary DNA. Our work provides a pathway toward the scalable fabrication of high-performance AuNP-Gr-FET devices for label-free nucleic acid testing in a realistic clinical setting.</P>