Water-soluble Genistin Glycoside Isoflavones Upregulate Antioxidant Metallothionein Expression and Scavenge Free Radicals

Chung, Mi-Ja,Kang, Ah-Young,Jun, Hee-Jin,Kim Sang-Yeon,Moon, Tae-Hwa,Park, Kwan-Hwa,Lee, Sung-Joon 생명자원연구 2005 생명자원연구 Vol.13 No.-

7개 대학 병원에서 조사한 지역사회 폐렴의 원인균

정문현,김성민,강문원,최희정,정희진,이경원,한성우,송재훈,신형식,김의종,최강원,김민자,박승철,배현주,정윤섭,김준명,백경란,신완식,이규만,김양리 대한감염학회 1997 감염 Vol.29 No.5

목 적 : 폐렴은 많이 발생하면서 사망률이 크게 줄지 않는 질환이며, 이를 적절히 치료하기 위해서는 원인균의 상대적 빈도, 기저 질환에 따른 변화, 항균제 내성률, 사망에 관련된 인자들을 알아야 한다. 원인균의 빈도는 지역마다 차이가 있고 국내에서는 항균제 내성률이 높아 지역사회에서 발생한 폐렴을 치료하기 위한 경험적 항균제 선택에 도움이 되기 위해 서울 소재 6개 대학 병원과 천안의 1개 대학 병원이 참여하여 위의 사항들에 대해 조사를 하였다. 방 법 : 1995년에 내과에 입원했던 16세 이상 환자를 대상으로 했다. 퇴원 진단명이 폐렴 또는 폐결핵인 병록지을 찾았고, 이중에서 병원 감염을 제외하였다. 특이도를 높이기 위해, 이들 중에서 호흡기 증상이 있고 발열이나 저체온이 있으면서 흉부 X-선에서 이상 음영이 있는 환자만을 대상으로 했다. 폐결핵은 위의 기준에 입원 초기에 항균제 치료를 하고 입원 7일 이후에야 항결핵제가 투여된 경우만을 폐렴의 원인균으로 하였다. 혈액 배양에서 양성, 객담에서 항상균이나 M. tuberculosis가 증명된 경우, 혈청학적으로 항체가가 4배 이상 증가된 경우, 조직에서 원인균이 진단된 경우는 확정(definitive) 원인균으로 하였고, 객담에서 배양된 균이 그람 도말과 일치할때, 항결액제에 대한 반응으로 진단한 폐결핵, 단일 항체가 양성이고 이에 대해 항균제를 사용했을 때는 가능(probable) 원인균으로 정의하였다. 다세균 감염균은 각각 다 른 원인균으로 처리하였다. 임상 조사와 함께 임상병리과에서 S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, mycoplasma, 항상균에 대해 검사 의뢰 건수, 배양 양성수, 항균제 감수성 결과를 조사하였다. 결 과 : 폐렴의 증례 정의에 부합하지 않은 135명과 폐결핵의 정의에 해당하지 않는 230명을 제외하고 남은 246명의 평균 나이는 58.2세이고 남성이 142명(58.2%) 이었고, 71%의 환자에서 기저 질환이 있었다. 진단 방법의 시행 횟수는 혈액 배양 77.6%, 혈청 검사 18.3%, 기관지경 검사는 4.1%였고, 세균의 항원 검사를 한 예는 없었다. 원인균이 밝혀진 예는 77명(31.3%)이었다. 다세균 감염이 4명에서 있었고, 원인균의 상대적 빈도는 결핵 20명(확정 17, 가능 3: 6개 병원 자료), 폐렴구균 18(확정8 가능 10)명과 폐렴구균이 아닌 Streptococcus 3명 (모두 확정), H. influenzae 11명(모두 가능), 그람음성간균 11명(확정 7, 가능 4) (K. pneumoniae 8건), Mycoplasma 5명(확정 1, 가능 4), S. aureus 4명(확정 2, 가능 2), mucormycosis 1명(확정)이었다. 평균 입원 기간은 19일이고, 중환자실 입원률과 인공 호흡기 사용율은 각각 18%와 9.3%였다. 사망률은 13.8%였고 사망까지 평균 기간은 14.6일 이었다. 다변량 분석에서 사망을 예측할 수 있는 인자는 저체온과 빈호흡이었다. 임상병리과에서 배양되었던 모든 폐렴구균의 Penicillin 내성률은 서울 3개 병원에서 82-88%, 천안에서 72%였다. 폐렴 환자의 혈액에서 배양된 7주는 모두 Penicillin에 감수성이 있었다. K. pneumoniae 8주 모두 cefotaxime과 gentamicin에 감수성을 보였다. 결 론 : 후향적 조사이고 병원마다 원인균 진단에 차이가 있지만, 원인이 밝혀진 경우에는 결핵과 폐렴균이 흔하였고, 무균 부위에서 배양된 폐렴구균의 항균제 내성률은 낮았다. 원인이 밝혀지지 않은 경우가 많고, 혈청검사로 진단되는 원인균이 드물며, 분리균주가 적어 항균제 내성 정도를 추정하기 어려워, 이를 밝히기 위한 전향적 조사가 필요하다. Background : Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, but its management is still challenging. The limitation of diagnostic methods to identify etiologic agents rapidly make it necessary to use empiric antibiotics in almost all patients, and furthermore the discovery of new respiratory pathogens and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant organisms pose difficulties to the selection of an empiric regimen. To clarify the factors necessary for the optimal choice of empirical antibiotics, such as the frequency of etiologic agents, the attributable rates to death and antimicrobial resistance rates in the community, six university hospitals in Seoul and one university hospital in Cheonan were participating in this study. Methods : medical records of adults (>15 years of age) hospitalized for CAP or pulmonary tuberculosis between April 1995 and March 1996, were reviewed. Patients who satisfied all of the following criteria were included in the study: (1) fever or hypothermia; (2) respiratory symptoms; and (3) pulmonary infiltrates on chest roentgenogram. To exclude cases of pulmonary tuberculosis whose roentgenographic features were so typical that it could be easily differentiated from conventional pneumonia, two additional criteria were required for inclusion: antibiotic treatment during the first week of hospital admission and initiation of anti-tuberculosis medications thereafter. Organisms isolated from sterile body sites, acid-fast bacilli or Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from sputum, pathogens diagnosed by a 4-fold rising titer of antibodies to “atypical”pathogens, or pathogens revealed by histopathology were defined as definitive cause of pneumonia; isolates from sputum withcompatible Gram stain, pathogens diagnosed by a single diagnostic titer plus use of a specific antimicrobial agent, or tuberculosis diagnosed by clinucal response to anti- tuberculosis medications were considered probable cause of pneumonia. The records of the clinical microbiology were reviewed for isolates of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, Mycobacterium or acid-fast bacilli, and Mycoplasma. Then the frequency of these agents, antimicrobial resistance rates of resiratory pathogens from all body sites, and their clinical significance were evaluated. Results: After excluding 365 patients (230 with pulmonary tuberculosis and 135 with CAP) who were screened for inclusion but did not meet the inclusion criteria,246 persons were enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 58.2 years old with slight male predominance (58.2%), and 171(71%) patients had underlying illnesses. Blood cultures were performed on 191 (77.6%) patients and serologic tests on 44(18.3%) patients. The etiologic agents were identified in 31.3%, and the list of individual agents, in decreasing order, was pulmonary tuberculosis (17 definite and 3 probable: data of six hospitals), S. pneumoniae (8 definite and 10 probable), non-pneumococci (3 definite), aerobic gram-negative bacilli (7 definite and 4 probable), Haemophilus spp. (11 probable), mycoplasma (1 definite and 4 probable), polymicrobial infections (2 definite and 2 probable: E. coli and S. agalactiae, M. tuberculosis and S. aureus, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae and A. baumannii and K. pneumonias), S. aureus (2 definite and 2 probable) , and mucormycosis (1 definite). Among gram-negative bacilli, K. pneumoniae was the most common agent (8isolates). therates of admission to the intensive care unitand of using assisted ventilation were 18% and 9.3%, respectively. The mortality was 13.8% and logistic regression analysis showed that hypothermia and tachypnea were associated with death. Hospital stay averaged 19 days. Susceptible rates of S. pneumoniae isolated from all body sites to penicillin ranged from 8% to 28% but seven isolated from blood of patients with pneumonia were susceptible to penicillin. Also all 8 isolated of k> pneumoniae from patients with pneumonia were susceptible to cefotaxime and gentamicin. Conclusion: In Korea, in addition to S. pneumoniae, M. tuberculosis is an important agent causing community-acquired pneumonia. The low incidence of etiologic diagnosis is probably related to infrequent requesting of test "atypical" pathogens and does not represent the true incidence of infections by "atypical" pathogens, which well be answered by a prospective study. The antimicrobial resistance rates of major respiratory pathogens from sterile body sites are low, however, because of a small number of the isolates this result needs confirmation by a nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance.

북미 양서류의 치사종간 핵치환 개체의 염색체 이상과 발생 능력에 관한 연구

이자경,정해문 A.R. Liss 1990 ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENS AND CARCINOGENS Vol.10 No.1

흰쥐 胎兒의 肝臟에서 Chloramphenicol 이 赤血球 形成에 미치는 影響

이군자,최문성,정호삼 한양대학교 의과대학 1986 한양의대 학술지 Vol.6 No.2

Chloramphenicol inhibits not only the bacterial protein synthesis by binding tothe 70S ribosome but also the mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis. Since chloramphenicol has strong binding affinity to the bone marrow cells, bone marrow suppression is resulted from the administration of the chloramphenicol. In case the chlormphenicol is administered to pregnant rat, the fetal hematopoiesis as well as the adult hematopoiesis may be altered. so the auther undertook the present study to pursue the d\effect of the chloramphenicol on the number and morphological changes of the hematopoitic cells in the fetal liver. Female sprague-Dawley rats weighing 150g were mated with male rats and the pregnancy was confirmed by means of the vaginal smear. Chloramphenicol (300mg/kg) was administered to the experimental animals once a day from the 15th to the 20th day of the pregnancy. The specimens obtained from the liver of the fetus were fixed in the Xenker solution and stained with Hemaoxylin-eosin-Azure Ⅱ for light microscopic study. 1. In the 17, 18, and 19day old fetal livers treated with chloramphenicol, the number of proerythroblasts, basophilic erythroblasts, and normoblasts were similar to those of the control groups. 2. In the 19, and 20day old fetal livers treated with chloramphenicol, the number of the proerythroblasts and basophilic erythroblasts were increased slightly and cytoplasmic vacuoles were observed in the proerythroblasts in the 19day old fetal liver. 3. In the 19,20, and 21day old fetal livers treated with chloramphenicol, the number of the normoblasts was decreased. From the result of present study it is suggested that the parenterally administered chloramphenicol is transfered to the fetus in the form of chloramphenicol or its metabolites and it inhibits the fetal hematopoietic function.

比色法에 依한 A. P C. 混劑(錠劑)中의 Caffein 定量

金泰子,孫永玉,孟晴子,崔蓮淳 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 1961 梨花藥學硏究 Vol.- No.2

레반다이어트 식품섭취가 비만여성의 신체구성성분, 혈중 렙틴 및 지질수준에 미치는 영향

이규성,유병렬,정락희,김문희,송봉준,이길자 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.2

This study was to varify the effects of levan diet administration on body composition, blood leptin level and lipids components (TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C) in obese women during 8 weeks. The subjects of study were divided into 20-29year group (n=15) and 30-39year group (n=15) randomly selected. Administration of Levan Diet in this study was 2 times (breakfast, lunch or dinner) per day, 11tablets per 1times. Statistical method for data processing produced mean and SD of total variable. To analyze difference between groups and periods had executed 2? ANOVA. This study was given conclusion as follows: First, systolic blood pressure showed decrease after administration of levan diet in 30-39years, but it was not statistically significant. Second, body weight and %fat gradually decreased according to the application period of levan diet administration in 20-29years and 30-39years, and it was statistically significant (p<.05). Third, blood leptin level and blood lipid levels (TC, TG, LDL-C) showed decrease after administration of levan diet in 20-29years and 30-39years, but it was not statistically significant. In conclusion, this study shows that the administration of levan diet play a positive role as assistant diet. Therfore, levan diet administration should be recommended as ergogenic aids for these who do obese adults.

Issues in Korean Families and Family Therapy

CHUNG, Moon Ja 연세대학교 생활과학연구소 1992 生活科學論集 Vol.6 No.-

본 논문에서는 인간의 문제해결과 자기 성장을 돕는 하나의 방법으로써 가족치료의 진가가 부상되고 있음에 인식을 같이하여 한국인의 특성, 가족구조및 가치관을 토대로 가족치료 기법과 가족치료자의 역할을 조명해 보았다. 본 논문은 한국인의 특성과 가족 구조를 단편적으로 다루었으나 이를 계기로 한국인과 한국 상황에 맞는 가족 치료 이론과 기법이 개발될 수 있기를 희망하며, 좁게는 국내, 넓게는 국외에 거주하는 한국인의 문제 해결을 돕고자 하는 가족치료자에게 참고가 될 수 있는 내용을 제시하고 있다.

아버지의 원가족 분화 경험, 부부갈등, 양육행동이 자녀의 행동문제에 미치는 영향의 모형 검증 -자녀의 성차 중심으로-

정문자 ( Moon Ja Chung ),전연진 ( Yeun Jin Chun ) 대한가정학회 2005 Human Ecology Research(HER) Vol.43 No.2

아동의 리더십 증진을 위한 통합적 프로그램의 효과

정문자(Moon Ja Chung),김진이(Jin Y Kim),김태은(Tae Eun Kim),김수지(Soo Jee Kim) 한국아동학회 2007 아동학회지 Vol.28 No.4

아동이 지각한 부모양육 행동과 아동의 행동문제간의 관계

정문자(Moon Ja Chung),김문정(Moon Jeong Kim) 한국아동학회 2004 아동학회지 Vol.25 No.5

The relationship between children`s behavior problems and perceptions of their parents` childrearing behaviors was studied in 359 fourth graders. Children reported on perceptions of their parents` childrearing behaviors with the Childrearing Behavior Questionnaire (Park, 1995) and on their own behavior with the Korean Youth Self-Report (K-YSR; Oh, Lee, Hong, & Hah, 1997). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, and hierarchical multiple regression. Results showed that girls viewed their fathers and mothers as more warm/accepting and their fathers as less rejecting/restricting than boys. Boys had more externalizing (aggressive/delinquent) behavior problems than girls. Children`s internalizing behavior problems were positively related to their perceptions of paternal and maternal rejection/restriction and permissive/non-interfering. The relationship was differed as a function of child`s sex. Children`s externalizing behavior problems were positively related to their perceptions of paternal and maternal rejection/restriction and paternal permissive/non-interfering. The relationship was differed as a function of child`s sex.