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Alternative Herbicides to Manage Unintentionally Released Transgenic Canola
Mirjalol Umurzokov,정인호,Farrukh Ruziev,보보,WeiQiang Jia,레티현,Botir Khaitov,조광민,김윤하,이훈복,조진웅,손수인,박기웅 한국잔디학회 2019 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.8 No.2
One of the main concern of transgenic crops is unintentional release of unwanted gene or genes through pollen-mediated gene flow. Since 2009, transgenic canola (Brassica napus) contained herbicide resistant gene is being unintentionally released into the Korean ecosystem. This study was conducted to identify alternative herbicides to eliminate transgenic canola under greenhouse and field conditions in 2018 and 2019, Daejeon South Korea. Four pre- and five post-emergence herbicides were used at 1x and 2x recommended rates as a chemical treatment. The growth parameters of the trial plant and control efficacy of the herbicides determined separately according to the application method (pre and post) and experimental condition (greenhouse and field). Except glufosinate-ammonium, all the post-emergent herbicides including bentazone, fluthiacet-methyl, MCPA and bentazone sodium had almost 100% canola control efficacy at both 1x and 2x recommended rates. Regarding the pre-emergence herbicides, dichlobenil and oxyfluorfen showed a full control efficacy at both 1x and 2x recommended rates. It is worth noted that when linuron was applied, although some of the seeds were germinated, a gradual death was observed. While, s-metolachlor was not suggested to manage the canola as a chemical control because of its very low efficacy on this plant.
Umurzokov Mirjalol,Bo Aung Bo,조광민,박인곤,박기웅 한국잔디학회 2023 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.12 No.4
This study examined the sensitivities of Echinochloa crus-galli and Monochoria vaginalis populations to pretilachlor and butachlor herbicides. We estimated the potential risk of developing herbicide resistance in paddy fields in Korea. The seeds of E. crus-galli and M. vaginalis populations were collected from various rice-cultivating sites in Korea, and the experiment involved conducting a whole plant dose-response test. Nonlinear analysis showed that the GR50 (the dose requiring 50% fresh weight reduction) values of E. crus-galli ranged from 33.6 to 55.1 g a.i. ha-1 to butachlor and 10.5 to 22.2 g a.i. ha-1 to pretilachlor, resulting in a baseline sensitivity index (BSI) of 1.64 for butachlor and 2.12 for pretilachlor. In the case of M. vaginalis, the GR50 values ranged from 29.4 to 43.8 g a.i. ha-1 in butachlor applications and 14.9 to 20.1 g a.i. ha-1 in pretilachlor applications. BSI of M. vaginalis was 1.49 for butachlor and 1.35 for pretilachlor. Based on these results, resistant biotypes of E. crus-galli or M. vaginalis to butachlor or pretilachlor herbicides are unlikely to occur in Korea in the short term. However, continuous monitoring and baseline sensitivity studies should be conducted to detect the evolution of the herbicide-resistant weed population.
Ecological Impact of Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trif ida) on the Bank of the Rice Field in Korea
Umurzokov Mirjalol,Heo Gyeong Jong,Lim Soo-Hyun,Kim Do-Soon,Cho Kwang Min 한국잔디학회 2023 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.12 No.4
This study evaluated the ecological impact of the alien weed Ambrosia trifida on the vegetation of paddy banks in Korea. A. trifida was found in 28 sites out of 118, and interestingly, these sites were mainly in the country's northern provinces (Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do). Echinochloa crus-galli was the most distributed species at the bank of rice fields in both the absence and presence of giant ragweed. According to our survey, 22 species of annual and four species of perennial weeds were found in the place where the A. trifida was also found, and 47 species of annual and seven species of perennial weeds were found where A. trif ida did not exist. The average relative cover of A. trifida was 75.8%. The number of annual weed species per square meter showed a relatively significant difference of 3.36 in the presence of A. trifida and 7.18 in the absence of A. trifida. The number of perennial weed species per square meter also showed a significant difference of 0.43 in place with A. trifida and 1.39 in place without A. trifida. There was a negative correlation between the relative cover, relative density, and importance value of perennial weed species and A. trifida. Perennial plant species had lower relative cover, density, and importance value in the presence of A. trifida compared to its absence. The diversity index was 0.61 in the presence and 0.86 in the absence of A. trifida. From the above results, it was concluded that the growth of A. trif ida had a negative ecological impact on the diversity of the surrounding plant species on the bank of the rice field.
Herbicidal Activity of KRA16-334 Broth Filtrate on Sicyos angulatus
Umurzokov Mirjalol,Jung Sup-Choi,Ruziev Farrukh,Young Sook Kim,Kwang Min Cho,Kee Woong Park 한국잡초학회 2021 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.10 No.4
Burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus) is one of the first ecosystem disturbing plants designated by the Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea in 1998 and is known to be distributed in one of the largest area among ecosystem disturbing plants. This study was conducted to control S. angulatus with soil Streptomyces drozdowiczii strain KRA16-334. The broth filtrate of KRA16-334 was applied to burcucumber as pre-and post-applications in a greenhouse and just post-application in field conditions. The results showed that KRA16-334 suppressed the germination rate of S. angulatus by 42 to 100%. Foliar applications of the KRA16-334 broth filtrate showed the highest effectiveness at the second leaf stage of S. angulatus (98-100%). The control efficiency of KRA16-334 declined as growth stages of the plant passed. Experiments in the field conditions witnessed that there were injury signs (contact activity as part of the plants became desiccated) on the leaves of the treated weeds on the second day after treatment. The control efficacy in the field was relatively lower (85%) compared with the greenhouse conditions (100%). S. angulatus reaction to the application of KRA16-334 was stronger than glyphosate and inferior than glufosinate-ammonium at the x1 rate application. Our results show that the KRA16-334 broth filtrate can be used as a natural herbicide against S. angulatus an-ecosystem disturbing plant in Korea. However, further studies such as culturing methods, agitations, or mutation of the broth filtrate will be required to increase secondary metabolite activities.