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Glyphosate Resistant Conyza canadensis Occurring in Tangerine Orchards of Jeju Province of Korea
Aung Bo Bo,Ok Jae Won,In Kon Park,Sug-Won Roh,Kee Woong Park 한국잡초학회·한국잔디학회 2017 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.6 No.4
Conyza canadensis is the weed species which most frequently develops resistance to glyphosate in many agricultural crop fields. The continuous use of glyphosate has resulted in the spontaneous occurrences of resistant biotypes. This research was conducted to investigate the response of suspected C. canadensis biotypes to glyphosate. Seeds of C. canadensis were collected from 18 sites in tangerine orchards in Jeju province of Korea. In the preliminary screening, 6 resistant and 12 susceptible biotypes were found at the recommended glyphosate rate (3.28 ㎏ a.i. ㏊<SUP>-1</SUP>). The susceptible biotypes were completely killed at the field application rate whereas the resistant biotypes were initially injured but recovered 14 days after glyphosate application. This is the first case of glyphosate resistance found in Korea despite the national ban on genetically modified glyphosate tolerant crops cultivation. Extended monitoring should be conducted to understand how widely spread the glyphosate resistant C. canadensis is and to estimate the severity of this weed problem in the tangerine orchards of Korea.
Biological Control Using Plant Pathogens in Weed Management
Aung Bo Bo,Botir Khaitov,Mirjalol Umurzokov,Kwang Min Cho,Kee Woong Park,Jung Sup Choi 한국잡초학회·한국잔디학회 2020 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.9 No.1
Intensive use of synthetic herbicides increased public concern regarding negative effects on the environment and the emergence of new herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. In recent years, researchers have been actively working on alternative biological weed control methods such as bioherbicides. Bioherbicide as a part of biological weed control in crop production offers many advantages, for instance, it is a selective, host-specific agent to target weeds, no harmful effect on the environment and non-target plants. Several plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria have potential herbicidal activity as a biological agent to control weeds. In order to create a successful bioherbicide, several complex and specific interactions have to be properly conducted between the biological agent and target weed. A few bioherbicides were successful under field conditions for controlling weeds while the effectiveness of other bioherbicidal agents has been limited by restricted host-range, the requirements of complicated formulation, and lack of persistence in the field. This review discusses about biological control methods of weeds in cropping systems through the implementation of an integrated weed management system. The current studies on weed control with phytopathogens, host-pathogen ranges, formulations for practical use, and techniques for enhancement of weed-suppressive activity in conventional and sustainable agricultural systems revealed the importance of bioherbicides as a part of integrated weed management.
Glyphosate Resistant Conyza canadensis Occurring in Tangerine Orchards of Jeju Province of Korea
Bo, Aung Bo,Won, Ok Jae,Park, In Kon,Roh, Sug-Won,Park, Kee Woong The Korean Society of Weed ScienceThe Turfgrass So 2017 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.6 No.4
Conyza canadensis is the weed species which most frequently develops resistance to glyphosate in many agricultural crop fields. The continuous use of glyphosate has resulted in the spontaneous occurrences of resistant biotypes. This research was conducted to investigate the response of suspected C. canadensis biotypes to glyphosate. Seeds of C. canadensis were collected from 18 sites in tangerine orchards in Jeju province of Korea. In the preliminary screening, 6 resistant and 12 susceptible biotypes were found at the recommended glyphosate rate ($3.28kga.i.ha^{-1}$). The susceptible biotypes were completely killed at the field application rate whereas the resistant biotypes were initially injured but recovered 14 days after glyphosate application. This is the first case of glyphosate resistance found in Korea despite the national ban on genetically modified glyphosate tolerant crops cultivation. Extended monitoring should be conducted to understand how widely spread the glyphosate resistant C. canadensis is and to estimate the severity of this weed problem in the tangerine orchards of Korea.
Umurzokov Mirjalol,Bo Aung Bo,조광민,박인곤,박기웅 한국잔디학회 2023 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.12 No.4
This study examined the sensitivities of Echinochloa crus-galli and Monochoria vaginalis populations to pretilachlor and butachlor herbicides. We estimated the potential risk of developing herbicide resistance in paddy fields in Korea. The seeds of E. crus-galli and M. vaginalis populations were collected from various rice-cultivating sites in Korea, and the experiment involved conducting a whole plant dose-response test. Nonlinear analysis showed that the GR50 (the dose requiring 50% fresh weight reduction) values of E. crus-galli ranged from 33.6 to 55.1 g a.i. ha-1 to butachlor and 10.5 to 22.2 g a.i. ha-1 to pretilachlor, resulting in a baseline sensitivity index (BSI) of 1.64 for butachlor and 2.12 for pretilachlor. In the case of M. vaginalis, the GR50 values ranged from 29.4 to 43.8 g a.i. ha-1 in butachlor applications and 14.9 to 20.1 g a.i. ha-1 in pretilachlor applications. BSI of M. vaginalis was 1.49 for butachlor and 1.35 for pretilachlor. Based on these results, resistant biotypes of E. crus-galli or M. vaginalis to butachlor or pretilachlor herbicides are unlikely to occur in Korea in the short term. However, continuous monitoring and baseline sensitivity studies should be conducted to detect the evolution of the herbicide-resistant weed population.
조광민,신승철,Aung Bo Bo,UMURZOKOV MIRJALOL,WeiQiang Jia,박기웅,최정섭,김영숙 한국잔디학회 2022 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.11 No.3
A total of 332 bacterial strains were isolated and screened for bioherbicidal activity. The three isolates namely W12, W-177, and W-200 were found to be efficient in suppressing Digitaria ciliaris by 88.3, 89.67, and 95.5% as compared with untreated control. Among them, the isolate W-200 caused severe injury to the growth of D. ciliaris, eventually leading to plant death. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing determined that the isolate W-200 was 99% similar to Streptomyces formicae (1H-GS9). Streptomyces strain W-200 was tested on D. ciliaris through soil and foliage applications. There was a progressive reduction in the growth of D. ciliaris in both applications. Optimization of bacterial culture conditions showed that Streptomyces strain W-200 was intense bioherbicidal activity and high cell mass at 25℃, 150 rpm, and initial pH 7. The herbicidal activity against D. ciliaris in light conditions was slightly higher than that in dark conditions. The chlorophyll content decreased by 96, 65, and 61% after treatment with paraquat, Streptomyces strain W-200, and glufosinate-ammonium, respectively at x1 recommended concentration. Electrolyte leakage increased gradually with time until 24 hours after treatment of Streptomyces strain W-200. These results suggested that Streptomyces strain W-200 producing herbicidal activity may be a new bioherbicide candidate. A total of 332 bacterial strains were isolated and screened for bioherbicidal activity. The three isolates namely W12, W-177, and W-200 were found to be efficient in suppressing Digitaria ciliaris by 88.3, 89.67, and 95.5% as compared with untreated control. Among them, the isolate W-200 caused severe injury to the growth of D. ciliaris, eventually leading to plant death. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing determined that the isolate W-200 was 99% similar to Streptomyces formicae (1H-GS9). Streptomyces strain W-200 was tested on D. ciliaris through soil and foliage applications. There was a progressive reduction in the growth of D. ciliaris in both applications. Optimization of bacterial culture conditions showed that Streptomyces strain W-200 was intense bioherbicidal activity and high cell mass at 25℃, 150 rpm, and initial pH 7. The herbicidal activity against D. ciliaris in light conditions was slightly higher than that in dark conditions. The chlorophyll content decreased by 96, 65, and 61% after treatment with paraquat, Streptomyces strain W-200, and glufosinate-ammonium, respectively at x1 recommended concentration. Electrolyte leakage increased gradually with time until 24 hours after treatment of Streptomyces strain W-200. These results suggested that Streptomyces strain W-200 producing herbicidal activity may be a new bioherbicide candidate.