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Seed Germination Ecology of Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida) in Korea
Farrukh Ruziev,In Kon Park,Mirjalol Umurzokov,Botir Khaitov,Aung Bo Bo,Wei Qiang Jia,Le Thi Hien,Jung Sup Choi,Kee Woong Park 한국잡초학회·한국잔디학회 2020 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.9 No.1
The effect of environmental factors on the growth of giant ragweed (ambrosia trifida) was determined in this study. Seed germination and seedling emergence were evaluated under different photoperiods, constant temperature, and periods after harvesting and burial depths. Dry storage of freshly harvested seeds caused slow release of dormancy at 25℃. The maximum germination rate of >65% was observed 11 months after harvest. Different light periods showed no significant impact to seed germination. The lowest germination was observed under complete darkness, while the highest germination was under alternating dark/light conditions. Regarding the temperature, giant ragweed seeds were able to germinate well at low temperatures (5-15℃) compared to high temperatures (30-40℃). The optimum temperature for germination was between 15 and 25℃ (>85%). Seedling emergence was initially increased up to 2 cm depth of burial, after which emergence declined sharply with increasing the burial depth up to 10 cm. There was no emergence beyond 10 cm depth of soil. The results indicated that giant ragweed seeds could germinate in cold months of spring regardless the light period. However, seeds need to overcome dormancy and be established superior levels of soil to have higher chance of propagation.
Alternative Herbicides to Manage Unintentionally Released Transgenic Canola
Mirjalol Umurzokov,정인호,Farrukh Ruziev,보보,WeiQiang Jia,레티현,Botir Khaitov,조광민,김윤하,이훈복,조진웅,손수인,박기웅 한국잔디학회 2019 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.8 No.2
One of the main concern of transgenic crops is unintentional release of unwanted gene or genes through pollen-mediated gene flow. Since 2009, transgenic canola (Brassica napus) contained herbicide resistant gene is being unintentionally released into the Korean ecosystem. This study was conducted to identify alternative herbicides to eliminate transgenic canola under greenhouse and field conditions in 2018 and 2019, Daejeon South Korea. Four pre- and five post-emergence herbicides were used at 1x and 2x recommended rates as a chemical treatment. The growth parameters of the trial plant and control efficacy of the herbicides determined separately according to the application method (pre and post) and experimental condition (greenhouse and field). Except glufosinate-ammonium, all the post-emergent herbicides including bentazone, fluthiacet-methyl, MCPA and bentazone sodium had almost 100% canola control efficacy at both 1x and 2x recommended rates. Regarding the pre-emergence herbicides, dichlobenil and oxyfluorfen showed a full control efficacy at both 1x and 2x recommended rates. It is worth noted that when linuron was applied, although some of the seeds were germinated, a gradual death was observed. While, s-metolachlor was not suggested to manage the canola as a chemical control because of its very low efficacy on this plant.
Herbicidal Activity of KRA16-334 Broth Filtrate on Sicyos angulatus
Umurzokov Mirjalol,Jung Sup-Choi,Ruziev Farrukh,Young Sook Kim,Kwang Min Cho,Kee Woong Park 한국잡초학회 2021 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.10 No.4
Burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus) is one of the first ecosystem disturbing plants designated by the Ministry of Environment, Republic of Korea in 1998 and is known to be distributed in one of the largest area among ecosystem disturbing plants. This study was conducted to control S. angulatus with soil Streptomyces drozdowiczii strain KRA16-334. The broth filtrate of KRA16-334 was applied to burcucumber as pre-and post-applications in a greenhouse and just post-application in field conditions. The results showed that KRA16-334 suppressed the germination rate of S. angulatus by 42 to 100%. Foliar applications of the KRA16-334 broth filtrate showed the highest effectiveness at the second leaf stage of S. angulatus (98-100%). The control efficiency of KRA16-334 declined as growth stages of the plant passed. Experiments in the field conditions witnessed that there were injury signs (contact activity as part of the plants became desiccated) on the leaves of the treated weeds on the second day after treatment. The control efficacy in the field was relatively lower (85%) compared with the greenhouse conditions (100%). S. angulatus reaction to the application of KRA16-334 was stronger than glyphosate and inferior than glufosinate-ammonium at the x1 rate application. Our results show that the KRA16-334 broth filtrate can be used as a natural herbicide against S. angulatus an-ecosystem disturbing plant in Korea. However, further studies such as culturing methods, agitations, or mutation of the broth filtrate will be required to increase secondary metabolite activities.
Growth Response of Weed Species in a Paddy Field under Elevated Temperatures
Md. Shahidul Haque Bir,레티현,원옥재,보보,Farrukh Ruziev,Mirjalol Umurzokov,WeiQiang Jia,윤혜진,Botir Khaitov,박기웅 한국잔디학회 2018 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.7 No.4
The present study aimed to investigate the growth response of rice and paddy weeds under varying temperatures created artificially in the phytotron under field condition. Rice ( Oryza sativa L .), three annual ( Ludwigia prostrata, Monochoria vaginalis, and Echinochloa oryzicola ) and three perennial ( Scirpus planiculmis, Eleocharis kuroguwai , and Sagittaria sagittifolia ) paddy weeds were grown under different temperature regimes (ambient, ambient+0.8°C, ambient+1.9°C, and ambient+3.4°C). It was observed that the growth of both rice and paddy weed species increased with the elevation of temperature. However, the growth of weeds was much greater than that of rice under elevated temperature. The shoot dry weight of rice was 8.9%, 13.1%, and 30.4% greater at the ambient+0.8, +1.9 and +3.4℃, respectively compared to the ambient temperature. Among the paddy weed species, L. prostrate exhibited the most significant increased level of both dry weight and leaf area presenting 211.8% and 214.3% higher, respectively at the ambient+3.4℃ than that of the ambient temperature. Growth of E. oryzicola and M. vaginalis were slightly higher compared to the growth of rice under elevated temperature. The growth of perennial weed species of S. sagittifolia exhibited 124.8% higher dry weight at the ambient+3.4℃ than at the ambient. Our findings suggest that elevation temperatures might provide an even greater competitive advantage to weeds with concomitant negative effects on rice production.
Current status and agronomic aspects of herbicide resistance in Korea
보보,정인호,원옥재,WeiQiang Jia,윤혜진,Botir Khaitov,Thi Hien Le,Mirjalol Umurzokov,Farrukh Ruziev,임민주,조광민,박기웅,이증주 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2019 Korean Journal of Agricultural Science Vol.46 No.2
Weeds are a serious problem in crop production. Use of synthetic herbicides is rapidly increasing in weed management worldwide including Korea. Herbicide application reduces the time spent on weed control. However, the evolution of resistance to herbicides in weeds has become widespread as a natural response to selection pressure imposed by agricultural management activities. If an herbicide with the same mechanisms of action is used repeatedly and intensively, it can rapidly select for a weed biotype that shifts toward difficult-to-control becoming a more tolerant weed and lead to the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds. Moreover, agricultural and biological factors have an important role in the development of herbicide-resistant weed populations. Mitigating the evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds relies on reducing selection through the diversification of weed control techniques. The resistance management of weeds in the future will strongly depend on intensive cropping systems. The current situation of intensive cropping systems with their heavy reliance on the efficacy of chemical weed control will not lead to significant containment of this problem. Therefore, management strategies need to overcome the further spread of herbicide resistance in weeds in Korean crop production. This review presents the current information on herbicide resistance in Korea and factors controlling the development of herbicide resistant weeds.