정식 시기와 적심 횟수가 화단국화의 생장과 개화에 미치는 영향

姚婧超, 정해준, 김동찬, 이진희, 권민훈, 서병기 배재대학교 자연과학연구소 2013 自然科學論文集 Vol.24 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate optimum planting date and pinching times on the growth and flowering of garden chrysanthemum(Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat.). 3 lines of garden mums were planted on May 16, June 13 and July 11 respectively. As planting date was delayed, all the 3 lines' plant height and plant width was reduced. 09-19-49 line got the biggest plant height and width, followed by 09-11-37 line. And 08-166-02 line was the smallest. In different planting times, the experiment group of May 16 and June 13 got the biggest plant height, plant width and stem diameter. However, in the experiment group of May 16, most of the plants got flattened. The experiment group of June 13 got the best ornamental value, and the ornamental value was reduced in the experiment group of July 11 by the short vegetative growth. 09-19-49 line got the most flowers, while in different planting time, the experiment group of May 16 got the most flowers. 09-11-37 line got the biggest flower diameter. 09-11-37 line and 09-09-51 line were planted in the containers on the rooftop. Each groups were pinched by 1, 2 and 3 times on July 2, July 26 and Aug 16 respectively. There was no effect on plant height, plant width, and stem diameter of 09-09-51 line and 09-11-37 line between 1-time-pinching group and 2-time-pinching group. But 3-time-pinching group was reduced. There was no significance in flower diameter of these two lines but the number of flowers was reduced by more pinching times. Therefore, in this experiment, the groups which were planted on June 13 got the best ornamental value and the recommended planting time is in the middle of June. Furthermore, 2 times of pinching was recommended.

하상호과 및 人工地下水富化방식에 대한 考察 (Ⅰ) : 洛東江 下流部를 中心으로 On the lower course of Nak Dong River

吳英敏,金武植,李澄姸,鄭淳亨 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1981 硏究報告 Vol.5 No.1

Some developing countries have utilized the River bed sand to purify water work resource having obtained much effect. But there are few study for the River bed filtration and the artifical ground water enrichment method in order to improve water quality in this country. This study is purposed to get some basic data for the actual condition and the anticipative filtering efficiency of the natural river bed sand of the lower Nak Dong River basin. Surfaced in this paper are the observations that 1. The filtering efficiency of COD, BOD, S.S and T.S. were not directly in creased with the filter depth over 150㎝ of its height. 2. The removal rate of COD, BOD, S.S and T.S. mark by turns 93%, 77%, 98% and 60%, respectively when the river bed sand of the lower course of the Nak Dong River is used as the filter media. 3. The more initial concentration of COD and BOD increase, the more filtering efficiency increases on the whole.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

Explicit Solution and Stability of Linear Time-Varying Differential State Space Systems

Jing-Min Wang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2017 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.15 No.4

Linear time-varying (LTV) systems naturally arise when one linearizes nonlinear systems about a trajectory. In contrast the linear time-invariant (LTI) cases which have been thoroughly understood in the analysisand synthesis technologies, many features of the LTV systems are still limited and not clear. This paper addressesthe problems of solution and stability of a general unforced LTV differential state space system. Unlike most ofthe work based on the Lyapunov theory, numerical simulations, or specific constraint systems, the paper proposesthe spectral decompositions of the LTV systems by employing extended eigenpairs and with simple mathematicalderivation. The spectral decompositions reveal the mechanisms of inherent characterization in general LTVsystems, rather than a particular class. Moreover, a novel set of auxiliary equations is developed for guiding andobtaining the extended eigenpairs of its system matrix which completely characterize the LTV systems. The solutionsto perform the commutative systems and the second-order systems with companion form are straightforward. The proposed innovative thinking provides a novel guided way to analyze the LTV systems. These findings areeasily extended to LTI cases. Examples from the literature demonstrate the effectiveness and the superiority of theproposed approaches when compared with other methods. The proposed results may be of great interest in both forscientific research and application.

발효 고춧잎의 항산화 활성 평가

Jing Jing Li,Min-Sun Jeon,Hong-Sun Yook 한국생활과학회 2021 한국생활과학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.5

Hepatoprotective effect of <i>Amomum xanthoides</i> against dimethylnitrosamine-induced sub-chronic liver injury in a rat model

Wang, Jing-Hua,Wang, Jian,Choi, Min-Kyung,Gao, Fang,Lee, Dong-Soo,Han, Jong-Min,Son, Chang-Gue Informa Healthcare USA, Inc. 2013 PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY Vol.51 No.7

<P><I>Context</I>: <I>Amomum xanthioides</I> Wall. ex Baker (Zingiberaceae) is a tropical medicinal plant that is commonly utilized in the treatment of digestive system disorders in Asia for a long time.</P><P><I>Objective</I>: This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect and related mechanisms of <I>A. xanthoides</I>.</P><P><I>Materials and methods</I>: Sub-chronic liver injury was induced by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN, 10 mg/kg, three times per week for 3 weeks, i.p.) in rats. Water extract of <I>A. xanthoides</I> (WAX, 50 and 100 mg/kg) was given once a day for 3 weeks.</P><P><I>Results and conclusion</I>: WAX (100 mg/kg) significantly attenuated the DMN-induced excessive release of alanine aminotransferase (123.6 IU/L), aspartate aminotransferase (227.9 IU/L), alkaline phosphatase (820.9 IU/L) and total bilirubin (0.50 g/dL) in serum (<I>p</I> < 0.01), and hydroxyproline (30.5 mg/g tissue) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (53.6 μM/g tissue) contents (<I>p</I> < 0.01) in liver tissue. Furthermore, WAX significantly ameliorated the depletion of total antioxidant capacity (2.54 μM/mg tissue), superoxide dismutase (0.30 U/mg tissue), glutathione (2.10 μM/mg tissue) and catalase (605.0 U/mg tissue) activities (<I>p</I> < 0.05 or <I>p</I> < 0.01) in liver tissue. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses indicated that WAX markedly reduced inflammation, necrosis, collagen accumulation and activation of hepatic satellite cells in the liver. Our findings demonstrated that <I>A. xanthoides</I> exerts favorable hepatoprotective effects via positive regulation of the antioxidative system.</P>

Enhanced extraction of bioactive natural products using tailor-made deep eutectic solvents: application to flavonoid extraction from <i>Flos sophorae</i>

Nam, Min Woo,Zhao, Jing,Lee, Min Sang,Jeong, Ji Hoon,Lee, Jeongmi The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Green Chemistry Vol.17 No.3

<P>Green and efficient extraction of natural products from biomass is considered an important area of interest in the pharmaceutical and biochemical industries. Recently, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been gaining increasing interest as sustainable and safe solvents. In this study, we aimed to provide a practical example using a popular traditional Chinese medicine, <I>Flos sophorae</I>, showcasing the tuneability of DESs as designer solvents to selectively and efficiently extract bioactive compounds from biomass. As a result, a solvent called PG-1 that was tailor-made from a 2 : 5 mixture of <SMALL>L</SMALL>-proline and glycerol using a freeze-drying method was more effective than methanol for extraction of quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin glycosides from <I>Flos sophorae</I>. With PG-1-based ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), operational conditions including the DES content in the extractant, the extractant-to-sample solid ratio, and the ultrasound irradiation time for UAE were statistically optimized using a central composite design combined with a response surface methodology. The resulting extraction method in which 50 mg of sample powder was extracted by UAE for 45 min using 1.00 mL of an aqueous solution containing 90% w/w PG-1 was found to be a greener and more efficient process than common extraction methods such as methanol-based UAE and heat reflux extraction that are generally environmentally harmful. Based on the antioxidant activity measured by the DPPH assay, the tailor-made extractant exhibited an additive activity arising from its component, <SMALL>L</SMALL>-proline. Recovery of the extracted flavonoids from the DES, which was assessed using rutin, since it is the major flavonoid extracted, was 75% with the use of water as an anti-solvent, and could reach as high as 92% with the simple application of C18 solid phase extraction (SPE). In comparison, the recovery efficiency of the anti-solvent method was significantly reduced for the flavonoid glycosides from the real <I>Flos sophorae</I> extracts, while the efficiency of the SPE method was reasonably high (81–87%). The present study suggests that DESs are truly designer solvents that can be used as sustainable and safe extraction media for pharmaceutical and biochemical applications.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Green and efficient extraction of natural products from biomass is considered an important area of interest in the pharmaceutical and biochemical industries. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4gc01556h'> </P>

Naturally Occurring Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Tomato Pomace Silage

Wu, Jing-Jing,Du, Rui-Ping,Gao, Min,Sui, Yao-Qiang,Xiu, Lei,Wang, Xiao Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.5

Silage making has become a significant method of forage conservation worldwide. To determine how tomato pomace (TP) may be used effectively as animal feed, it was ensilaged for 90 days and microbiology counts, fermentation characteristics and chemical composition of tomato pomace silage (TPS) were evaluated at the 30th, 60th, and 90th days, respectively. In addition, 103 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from TPS. Based on the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, 16S rDNA sequence and carbohydrate fermentation tests, the isolates were identified as 17 species namely: Lactobacillus coryniformis subsp. torquens (0.97%), Lactobacillus pontis (0.97%), Lactobacillus hilgardii (0.97%), Lactobacillus pantheris (0.97%), Lactobacillus amylovorus (1.9%), Lactobacillus panis (1.9%), Lactobacillus vaginalis (1.9%), Lactobacillus rapi (1.9%), Lactobacillus buchneri (2.9%), Lactobacillus parafarraginis (2.9%), Lactobacillus helveticus (3.9%), Lactobacillus camelliae (3.9%), Lactobacillus fermentum (5.8%), Lactobacillus manihotivorans (6.8%), Lactobacillus plantarum (10.7%), Lactobacillus harbinensis (16.5%) and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei (35.0%). This study has shown that TP can be well preserved for 90 days by ensilaging and that TPS is not only rich in essential nutrients, but that physiological and biochemical properties of the isolates could provide a platform for future design of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants aimed at improving the fermentation quality of silage.

An Augmented Reality Based Disclosure Model of Information on Food Safety and Its Application

Peng Min-jing,Li Bo 보안공학연구지원센터(IJUNESST) 2013 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.6 No.4

The changes of nociception and the signal molecules expression in the dorsal root ganglia and the spinal cord after cold water swimming stress in mice

Feng, Jing-Hui,Sim, Su-Min,Park, Jung-Seok,Hong, Jae-Seung,Suh, Hong-Won The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2021 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.25 No.3

Several studies have previously reported that exposure to stress provokes behavioral changes, including antinociception, in rodents. In the present study, we studied the effect of acute cold-water (4℃) swimming stress (CWSS) on nociception and the possible changes in several signal molecules in male ICR mice. Here, we show that 3 min of CWSS was sufficient to produce antinociception in tail-flick, hot-plate, von-Frey, writhing, and formalin-induced pain models. Significantly, CWSS strongly reduced nociceptive behavior in the first phase, but not in the second phase, of the formalin-induced pain model. We further examined some signal molecules' expressions in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and spinal cord to delineate the possible molecular mechanism involved in the antinociceptive effect under CWSS. CWSS reduced p-ERK, p-AMPKα1, p-AMPKα2, p-Tyk2, and p-STAT3 expression both in the spinal cord and DRG. However, the phosphorylation of mTOR was activated after CWSS in the spinal cord and DRG. Moreover, p-JNK and p-CREB activation were significantly increased by CWSS in the spinal cord, whereas CWSS alleviated JNK and CREB phosphorylation levels in DRG. Our results suggest that the antinociception induced by CWSS may be mediated by several molecules, such as ERK, JNK, CREB, AMPKα1, AMPKα2, mTOR, Tyk2, and STAT3 located in the spinal cord and DRG.