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Nano-scale current voltage characteristics of thin film solar cell with light irradiations
Masato Kawai,Tomohiro Kawakami,Tomoya Inaba,Fumitaka Ohashi,Hironori Natsuhara,Takashi Itoh,Shuichi Nonomura 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.3
Nano-scale current voltage (I–V) characteristics of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells were studied with and without light irradiations by using conductive Atomic Force Microscope (conductive-AFM). To obtain proper I–V characteristics, electrical contacts between the n-layer of the a-Si solar cells and the cantilever of the AFM were modified by depositing ZnO films with the thickness of 20 nm on the tip using DC sputterer. The I–V characteristics were changed from Schottky like to ohmic like. Surface defects and grain boundaries of the ZnO thin film possibly formed an ohmic-like current path between n-layer and the tip of the cantilever. We measured photo-current map at the bias of -2 V with a resolution of nano-meter scales. High photo-current paths appeared at nano-crystallites formed in the nc-Si:H film of the solar cell while small current area was observed at the boundaries of the small and large grains. This suggests that the boundaries have high impedance created by hydrogen passivation or act as a leakage current path for the photo-current recombination. These results imply that our proposed measurement technique using conductive-AFM combined with covering of ZnO film on the cantilever is a useful tool for the evaluation of the short path of the photo-current. In addition, these techniques contribute to increase the conversion efficiency of thin film solar cells.
Management of Flood Waste in Small and Medium Scale Asian Cities in Tropical Region
( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Kosuke Kawai ),( Rieko Kubota ),( Komsilp Wangyao ),( Pham Khac Lieu ),( Sirintornthep Towprayoon ),( Chart Chiemchaisri ),( Masato Yamada ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-
This study reports on the challenges to a model of resilient and adaptable SWM against flood in Asian tropical/pluvial countries, in order to adapt to frequent flood events that would be influenced by climate change. Collapse of Solid waste management by sudden natural disasters will directly lead to collapse of city. Here we have summarized some cases of flood waste handlings in tropical Asian cities that were attacked by flood disasters recently. Mega-scale city like Bangkok should have enough capacity to handle of flood waste though the inundation of some part of capital must be a considerable worst situation. In contrast, small and medium scale cities easily lost their ability to administrate under flooding situation if the prepared ness was not sufficient. Situation of "vulnerable" against to flood must be improved for quick recovery from disaster, and waste management systems is also expected to be more resilient. The goal of this study is to draw a scheme of guidance to improve or upgrade the solid waste management system in middle or small scale cities that leads the cities to be resilient against to flood.
Nagashima, Fumiaki,Nishiyama, Ryohta,Iwao, Beniko,Kawai, Yuiko,Ishii, Chikanao,Yamanaka, Tsuyoshi,Uchino, Hiroyuki,Inazu, Masato The Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology 2018 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.26 No.4
In this study, we examined the molecular and functional characterization of choline uptake in the human esophageal cancer cells. In addition, we examined the influence of various drugs on the transport of [$^3H$]choline, and explored the possible correlation between the inhibition of choline uptake and apoptotic cell death. We found that both choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) and CTL2 mRNAs and proteins were highly expressed in esophageal cancer cell lines (KYSE series). CTL1 and CTL2 were located in the plasma membrane and mitochondria, respectively. Choline uptake was saturable and mediated by a single transport system, which is both $Na^+$-independent and pH-dependent. Choline uptake and cell viability were inhibited by various cationic drugs. Furthermore, a correlation analysis of the potencies of 47 drugs for the inhibition of choline uptake and cell viability showed a strong correlation. Choline uptake inhibitors and choline deficiency each inhibited cell viability and increased caspase-3/7 activity. We conclude that extracellular choline is mainly transported via a CTL1. The functional inhibition of CTL1 by cationic drugs could promote apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, CTL2 may be involved in choline uptake in mitochondria, which is the rate-limiting step in S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthesis and DNA methylation. Identification of this CTL1- and CTL2-mediated choline transport system provides a potential new target for esophageal cancer therapy.
Fumiaki Nagashima,Ryohta Nishiyama,Beniko Iwao,Yuiko Kawai,Chikanao Ishii,Tsuyoshi Yamanaka,Hiroyuki Uchino,Masato Inazu 한국응용약물학회 2018 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.26 No.4
In this study, we examined the molecular and functional characterization of choline uptake in the human esophageal cancer cells. In addition, we examined the influence of various drugs on the transport of [3H]choline, and explored the possible correlation between the inhibition of choline uptake and apoptotic cell death. We found that both choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) and CTL2 mRNAs and proteins were highly expressed in esophageal cancer cell lines (KYSE series). CTL1 and CTL2 were located in the plasma membrane and mitochondria, respectively. Choline uptake was saturable and mediated by a single transport system, which is both Na+-independent and pH-dependent. Choline uptake and cell viability were inhibited by various cationic drugs. Furthermore, a correlation analysis of the potencies of 47 drugs for the inhibition of choline uptake and cell viability showed a strong correlation. Choline uptake inhibitors and choline deficiency each inhibited cell viability and increased caspase-3/7 activity. We conclude that extracellular choline is mainly transported via a CTL1. The functional inhibition of CTL1 by cationic drugs could promote apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, CTL2 may be involved in choline uptake in mitochondria, which is the rate-limiting step in S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthesis and DNA methylation. Identification of this CTL1- and CTL2-mediated choline transport system provides a potential new target for esophageal cancer therapy.