以功能語法構建的應用文教材對提高非華語學生功 能字詞運用的成效

Mark Shiu Kee SHUM,Wai Ip LAM,Chung Pui TAI,Paisley Tsz Mei CHEUNG,Jo Jo Wan Shan YUNG,Jessica Man Yi YOUNG 단국대학교 한문교육연구소 2020 International Han-character Education Research Vol.2 No.1

홍콩의 비중국어권 학습자의 실용문 학습과 상황에 맞는 정확한 표현 능력의 제고를 위해 홍콩대학 Dr. Mark Shum Shiu Kee (岑紹基) 연구팀은 교육국의 연구비 지원을 받아 2016~ 2017년 비중국어권 학습자용 실용문 교재를 개발하였다. 본 논문은 기능 어법 이론을 바탕으로 비중국어권 학습자용 실용문 교재를 어떻게 설계했는지를 밝히고, 본 교재가 비중국어권 학습자의 기능어 운용 능력 향상에 끼친 영향에 대해 고찰하였다. 또한 연구팀이 개발한 실용문 교재가 비중국어권 학습자의 기능어 운용 능력 향상에 어떠한 성과를 가져왔는지를 밝히는 것을 본 논문의 주목적으로 삼았다. 연구팀은 체계 기능 언어학 이론을 바탕으로 비중국어권 학습자용 실용문 교재를 개발하였으며, 실용문의 종류에 따라 달라지는 의사전달 기능, 도식 구조, 어법 특징을 고려하여 읽기 예문의 주제를 선정하였다. 또한, 비중국어권 학습자가 기능어와 구문 활용에서 갖는 어려움을 실용문 종류에 따라 나누어 분석하였다. 아울러, 「文類功能(문체기능)」 이론 및 「閱讀促進學習(읽기촉진학습)」 교수법을 참고로 읽기 쓰기 통합형 쌍방향 연습법을 개발하여 학습자가 모범 예문을 분석, 해체 및 재구조화를 할 수 있게 하고, 더 나아가 학습자가 스스로 실용문 쓰기를 할 수 있도록 도왔다. 이외에도, 교육 일선에서 지도하고 있는 중국어 교사들을 초청하여 시범적으로 교수법을 시행하고 이를 통해 본 교재의 실제 효과를 검증해 보았다. 학습자가 작성한 실용문을 교수법 시행 전후로 비교 분석하고 교사와 학습자 인터뷰도 함께 진행하여, 본 실용문 교재가 비중국어권 학습자의 기능어 운용과 실용문 쓰기에 끼친 효과를 평가하였다. 아울러, 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 비중국어권 학습자 실용문 교육을 위한 실행 가능한 몇 가지 방안을 제시하였다. In order to enhance Hong Kong non-Chinese speaking (NCS) students’ ability to learn practical writing and presenting ideas appropriately in Chinese, Dr. Mark Shum Shiu Kee’s research team received funding from the Hong Kong Education Bureau to develop Chinese practical writing teaching materials for NCS students in 2016/17. This paper describes how the researchers develop these teaching materials by adopting Functional Grammar Theory, and investigates the effectiveness of the teaching material package at equipping the NCS students’ with ability in using function words. This paper aims at exploring how effective the newly developed practical writing teaching material package at enhancing NCS students’ ability to use function words is. With reference to the Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL) Theory, Chinese practical writing teaching material package suitable for NCS students was developed. The package reading materials were developed by looking into the communicative function, schematic structure and metalanguage of different genres. Besides, NCS students’ difficulty in using function words and expressions of different genres were also analyzed. By referring to “Genre Function” theory and “Reading to Learn” pedagogy, interactive exercises that combine reading and writing were designed. These suggested exercises guide students to learn in a process, from deconstruction of the sample texts to joint construction and individual construction. Apart from the above, frontline Chinese language teachers were invited to conduct tryout sessions to test the effectiveness of the teaching material package. The analysis of students’ writings in pre-tests and post-tests, together with the research data from teachers and students interviews, provide a comprehensive evaluation on the effectiveness of the practical writing teaching material package. Feasible suggestions for enhancing NCS students’ ability, particularly in using function words and constructing practical writing, are provided for teaching NCS students to construct practical writing.

Lumbricus rubellus에 존재하는 Lumbrokinase의 Ubiquitin-conjugate 분해활성에 관한 연구

우기민,이상한,조만희 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

본 연구에서 Lumbricus rubellus에 존재하는 강력한 fibrinolytic 효소인 Lumbrokinse들을 여러 크로마토그래피법을 이용하여 부분정제하고 그들의 생화학적 성질들을 조사하고 비교하였다. L. rubellus의 단백질 추출물은 fibrinogen, lactalbumin, BSA, casein 등 다양한 단백질들을 분해하는 활성을 가졌으며, 그들의 활성은 poly-lysine같은 poly-cation들에 의하여 활성화되었다. 또한 이러한 활성화 정도는 poly-cation들의 길이에 의존적이며 poly-lysine의 경우 이성체에 상관없이 모두 활성화시켰다. DEAE-Sepharose를 통하여 확인된 3 종류의 분해활성으로부터 2 종류의 서로 다른 Lumbrokinse들을 Phenyl-Sepharose, Superose-12 크로마토그래피들을 통하여 부분정제하여 E-I, E-III라고 명명하였다. SDS-PAGE와 gel filtration을 시행하였을 때 그들은 각각 33 kD과 38 kDa의 폴리펩타이드로 구성된 단일체로 규명되었다. E-I의 fibrinogen을 분해하는 특이적 활성은 poly-lysine이 없을 경우 3.75 ng hydrolysis/ng enzyme/20 min으로 상대적으로 낮았으나 poly-lysine이 첨가될 경우 75 ng hydrolysis/ng enzyme/20 min로 활성이 20배가량 증가하였다. 반면 E-III는 poly-lysine이 없을 경우 20 ng hydrolysis/ng enzyme/20 min으로 상대적으로 높았지만 poly-lysine의 첨가시 129 ng hydrolysis/ng enzyme/20 min로 약 6.5배의 증가를 보였다. 0.2 M의 KCI은 poly-lysine에 의한 fibrinogen 분해활성을 강하게 억제하였으며 펩타이드 분해활성은 E-I와 E-III가 서로 다른 영향을 받았다. E-III는 poly-lysine에 의해 증가된 활성이 억제받는 반면, E-I는 오히려 펩타이드 분해활성이 KCI에 의하여 10배가량 증가되었다. 이러한 상반된 결과는 두 효소가 서로 다른 분해기작과 조절기작을 가짐을 의미한다. 정제된 E-I와 E-III는 놀랍게도 ubiquitin이 결합된 일련의 단백질들을 분해하였으며, 이 활성도 또한 poly-lysine에 의하여 증가되었다. 또한 ubiquitin-conjugate의 분해활성은 PMSF에 의하여 억제받으므로 serine계의 단백질 분해효소이며 IAA에 의하여 억제받지 않으므로 활성화 부위에 sulfide 기가 관여하지 않는 것으로 판명되었다. 또한 fibrinogen의 분해에서와 같이 이들의 활성도 KCI에 의해 억제되었다. Ubiquitin-conjugate들은 분해된 후 자유 ubiquitin이 반응산물로 나타났으므로 E-I과 E-III는 포유동물들에 존재하는 ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase (UCH)의 새로운 종류이거나 26S proteasome을 대신할 수 있는 또 다른 형태의 단백질 분해효소일 가능성을 제공해준다.

만곡수로에서 교각으로 인한 수위변화 해석

차영기,김이현,이만석 단국대학교 신소재기술연구소 2000 신소재 Vol.9 No.-

본 연구는 만곡수로에서의 교각과 유량변화데 따른 수이변화의 특성을 실험으로 고찰한 것이다. 고정상과 이동상의 경우에 교각으로 인한 배수위 상승의 크기와 영향을 비교ㆍ분석함으로서 최대 상승량을 일으키는 지점의 변화와 그 원인을 알아보았다. 만곡부에서 교각 수와 그 크기를 달리하고, 그에 따른 배수위 상승 영향을 알아보았다. 만곡수로의 흐름을 관찰한 결과 최대 수위를 나타내는 지점은 고정상과 이동상에서 각각 단면 19와 단면 10에서 나타났고, 편수위 상승은 고정상에서 단면 6에서 최대이고, 이동상에서는 단면 9에서 최대로 나타났다. 유량 변화에 따른 최대 배수위 상승량은 평균적으로 고정상에서는 교각 설치 단면의 상류 첫 번째 단면에서, 이동상에서는 교각 설치단면의 상류 세 번째 단면에서 발생하였다. 또한 유량 변화량의 평균값인 1400CMS 유량으로 반복 실험한 결과 유수단면적을 달리할 때, 즉 교각 수와 교각 지름의 변화에 따라 고정상에서는 교각 설치 단면의 상류 세 번째 단면에서, 이동상에서는 교각 설치 단면에서 최대 배수위 상승이 발생하였다. This paper investigate the characteristics of water surface level due to piers and due to varying discharge in a curved channel by experiment. It is compared and analyzed the amount and effect of backwater due to piers, and the variation of the highest backwater points in a fixed bed and a movable bed respectively. And the variation of flow varying numbers and diameter of the pier at the bending part. The highest stage in a curved channel is showed at the section of 19 and 10 in the cases of a fixed bed and a movable bed respectively. The largest superelevations at a fixed bed and a movable bed are showed at the section of 6 and 9 respectively. The highest backwater stage due to varying discharge at a fixed bed is brought out at the first upsteam section of pier setting, and at he case of a movable bed it was the third upstream section of pier setting. Also, the highest backwater stage is brought out at the third upstream section of pier setting in a fixed bed, and at section of pier setting in a movable bed at the case of varying the pier numbers and diameter for 1,400CMS.

耕耘實驗을 爲한 人工土壤의 物理的 特性에 關한 硏究

金基大,許潤根,金滿秀,金聲來 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1978 農業技術硏究報告 Vol.5 No.2

For improvement and new design of tillage equipments, indoor test is very useful and more desirable than outdoor because the experiment of ourdoor is very difficult and its cost is expensive. This study was carried out to determine the physical properties of artificial soil suitable for the indoor test with the soil bin manufactured at the workshop of the Dept. of Agricultural Machinery Engineering. The artificial soil being studied was made with very similarity to the natural soil of the experimental plots of Chungnam National University, and it consist of 39.35 percent, by weight of bentonite and 48.10 percent of sand with 12.55 percent of SAE 10W oil. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Bulk density increased with increasing number of rolling, and its relationship could be expressed. y=1.073200+0.07080x-0.002263x^2 where, y=bulk density(g/㎤), x=number of rolling. These results could be explained that the effect of rolling velocity on the bulk density was not singnificant in the range of 4.5∼10.4 cm/sec. 2. The absolute soil hardness depended directly upon number of rolling, and their relationship could be expressed by the equation. y=37.74(0.64+0.17x-0.0054x^2)/(3.36-0.17x-0.0054x^2)^3. where, y=absolute soil hardness(kg/㎤), x=number of rolling. 3. Relationship between the bulk density and absolute soil hardness could be expressed by the equation; y=37.74(2.46 x-2.02)/(6.02-2.46x)^3. where, y=absolute soil hardness, x=bulk density. 4. The cohesion and the angle of internal friction of artificial soil were increased with increasing its bulk density. According to the cohesion and angle of internal friction, at the range of 1.60∼1.75(g/㎤) of bulk density, this artificial soil was similar with sandy loam of 29.5% moisture content of natural soil. 5. Sliding-fricfion coefficient of steel plate on the artificial soil was 0.3∼0.4 and rubber plate on it is 0.64∼0.72. Those values were very similar with those of natural soil being studies by many others.

Carotenoids 식이와 알코올이 혈액학적 성분과 간조직에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

조만희,김연선,이상한,우기민,장예진,김창세 순천향의학연구소 1999 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.5 No.2

Alcohol is well known agent which can damage the human tissues such as liver via stimulating lipid peroxidation and storage, denaturation of macromolecules, and inhibiting protein metabolism. On the other hand, carotenoids in addition to vitamins A, C, E and lipoic acid, play important roles in protecting these oxidative damages as well as preventing the production of free radicals. This study was carried out to elucidate the precise effects of alcohol administration into rats on the antioxidative functions of dietary carotenoids and isolated β-carotene, and to find out any parameters to uncover more detailed biochemical mechanisms of these agents. For these purposes, two different approaches were performed: 1) examination of the changes in hematological parameters (e.g., total proteins, A/G ratio, ALT/AST et. al) and statistical correlations among inter- and intragroups, 2) examination of the histopathological changes by an electron microscope. The results were analyzed and summarized as following; (1) Carrot diet for one week caused a slight increase in albumin. A/G ratio and AST levels, and a slight decrease in ALT, ALP, BUN and uric acid levels. Two-week alcohol administration following carrot diet increased total proteins, albumin A/G ratio and BUN levels. However, both groups were shown to have little significant changes in cholesterol concentrations. (2) Cheese diet for one week caused a significant increase in total proteins, albumin, AST, ALP, uric acid and total cholesterol levels, and a significant decrease in A/G ratio and glucose concentrations. However, two-week β-carotene diet following cheese intake increased total proteins albumin, A/G ratio, BUN and total cholesterol levels, whereas AST, ALT, ALP and uric acid levels were decreased. (3) Alcohol administration for one week caused an increase in AST activities and a decrease in total proteins, albumin, ALT, ALP and BUN levels. A successive β-carotene diet following alcohol administration increased total proteins, albumin, ALT, ALP and BUN levels, whereas decreased AST and uric acid levels. However, there were not significant changes in A/G ratio, glucose and total cholesterol levels in both groups. (4) β-carotene diet for one week caused a slight increase in albumin, glucose, AST and uric acid levels, and a slight decrease in ALP and BUN levels. Two-weeks alcohol administration following β-carotene diet increased albumin, glucose, BUN and total cholesterol levels, whereas decreased AST, ALT, ALP and uric acid levels. (5) Although the pathological investigation on the liver did not reveal significant changes, cheese diet group (CH-BC/1-CH) was shown to have some lipid deposits. Some results were unexpected and different from typical hematological changes shown by other researchers. Nonetheless, these results strongly suggest that the liver damage or hepatism caused by alcohol intake affects many kinds of biochemical metabolisms, which results in significant changes in many hematological parameters. In addition, dietary carotenoid and isolated β-carotene were shown to have protective roles against the biochemical changes by alcohol intake.

韓國 노랑초파리의 自然集團에 있어서 P elements의 分布에 관한 硏究

成耆昌,金滿在,金溶聲 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1988 論文集 Vol.39 No.2

Isofemale lines of Drosophila melanogaster were established from Moonsan and Osan, Korea and were tested for GD sterility. The results are as follows; 1. Using π_2 (strong P) strain and Canton-S (true M) strain as a standard strains, the frequencies of P cytotype for all isofemale lines were 37.7% (Moonsan) and 56.5%(Osan), but the activities of P factor very low. 2. The distributions of strain types by Kidwell were 62.3%, 43.5% for M' (pseudo-M) strain, and 37.7%, 56.5% for Q (weak P) strain in Moonsan and Osan, respectively. Thus, it was appeared that these populations are consisted of M' and Q strains. 3. The results suggested that the activities of P elements were regulated by their P cytotypes though the potentialities of P activity were present in these populations.

단백질 및 1가 양이온을 통한 proteasome의 활성조절에 관한 연구

우기민,이상한,조만희 순천향의학연구소 2004 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.10 No.1

Proteasome은 일반적으로 세포내 환경과 매우 상이한 조건하에서 연구된다 (실험용 완충액에는 1기가 이온들이나 여러 단백질들이 결여되어 있다). 특이하게도 본 연구결과 낮은 농도의 Na^(+)와 K^(+)는 20S proteasome의 단백질 분해 활성을 현저히 저하시키지만 26S proteasome의 단백질 분해 활성에는 크게 영향을 미치지 못하였다. Na^(+)와 K^(+)는 20S proteasome의 chymotrypsin 유사 분해활성을 1-2 mM의 Ki 값으로 매우 민감하게 억제하였다. 이에 비해 기타 다른 1가 양이온 (Li^(+), Rb^(+), 또는 Cs^(+))은 미미한 억제효과를 나타내고, 2가 양이온 (Mg^(2+))은 20S proteasome의 chymotrypsin 유사 분해활성을 오히려 활성화시켰다. 이러한 이온들은 trypsin 유사 활성과 post-acidic 활성에도 유사한 억제효과를 보였다. 또한, Na^(+)와 K^(+)는 20S proteasome에 의한 casein, oxidized RNase A, a-lactalbumin 같은 단백질들의 분해를 강력하게 억제시키지만, 26S proteasome에 의한 ATP-의존적 단백질 분해 활성에는 영향을 미치지 못한다. 일반적으로 세포내 단백질농도는 매우 높은 것으로 알려져 있는 바, proteasome의 분해활성에 미치는 단백질의 영향을 조사한 결과, 무작위의 다양한 단백질들(0.1㎎/㎖)도 1가 양이온(Na^(+)와 K^(+))의 경우와 같이 20S proteasome의 펩타이드 분해활성을 억제하였지만 26S proteasome의 활성에는 아무런 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이러한 억제작용은 경쟁적이지 않다. BSA나 ovalbumin 같은 비가수분해 단백질들이 20S proteasome의 펩타이드 분해활성을 강력히 억제한였으므로 이러한 억제현상이 비경쟁적이라는 것을 알 수 있다. 비록 Na^(+), K^(+)와 단백질들이 20S proteasome을 비활성화 형태로 유지시키지만, 0.02% SDS에 의한 20S proteasome의 활성증가를 막거나 억제시키지는 못하였다. 이 결과로 고농도의 이온과 단백질이 존재하는 세포내 조건에서는, 독립적인 20S proteasome은 잠재적으로 비활성화된 형태로 존재하며, 19S ATPase 복합체나 11S 같은 proteasome 활성복합체가 결합한 후에 비로소 26S proteasome의 활성화된 형태로 전환되는 기작을 갖는 것으로 여겨진다. 또한, Na^(+)나 K^(+), BSA나 ovalbuim의 첨가는 비활성화 형태의 20S proteasome을 이용한 많은 연구를 보다 용이하게 할 것으로 기대된다.

Thermoplasma acidophilum의 20S Proteasome에 의한 ATPase-활성적 단백질분해에 관한 연구

우기민,장예진,조만희,김창세,김완종,조성호,이상한 순천향의학연구소 1999 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.5 No.1

The eukaryotic 26S proteasome is an ATP/ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic complex consisting of the 20S core particle and 19S ATPase complex. However, because of its complexity and unstable properties, this study was carried out to present more simple and stable model for the ATP-activated proteolytic complex in prokaryotes which can take the place of the eukaryotic 26S proteasome. For this purpose, recombinant Thermoplasma 20S proteasome (T20S) and Methanococcus MS4, a sequence homolog of one ATPase subunit in the 19S ATPase complex, were successfully isolated from Escherichia coli (E. coli). The α and β subunits of T20S expressed in E. coli could assemble for themselves, and showed the peptide-hydrolyzing activity. Whereas both T20S and R20S (the 20S complex from rabbit skeletal muscle) had the highest peptidase activity against Suc-LLVY-AMC, a good substrate for chymotrypsin-like peptidase activity, the specific activity of T20S was slightly lower than that of R20S. In addition, several reagents such as KCI, SDS, and ovalbumin were shown to have different effects on the peptidase activities between T20S and R20S. When the ATPase activity of the purified MS4 were assayed , the Km for ATP was about 0.5 mM, and casein could stimulate the activity more than 2 fold without the change in Km. This result implicates that protein-activated ATPase may induce the conformational change of casein, and therefore suggests that MS4 ATPase may activate the proteolytic activity of the 20S proteasome via accelerating the recognition and translocation of the protein substrates.

母乳 및 牛乳營養素에 있어서의 血淸蛋白 電氣泳動像의 比較觀察

梁萬奎,李東近 대한소아과학회 1965 小兒科 Vol.8 No.1

탈수 칼륨 및 칼슘-제올라이트 A 구조에서 큰바구니의 8-고리에 존재하는 양이온 1가 및 2가와 골격산화물 이온에 대한 화학 특성

손만식,박경원,백우현,김효기 국립경상대학교 공과대학 부설 첨단소재연구소 1992 尖端素材 Vol.2 No.-

Starting with the structural unit of 8-ring in supercage for dehydrated ?? and Ca-zeolite A, we studied chemical characterization and electronic structure and properties of monovalent ?? and divalent ?? cations with framework oxide ions of the above materials by semiempirical molecular orbital theory. On 8-ring in the supercage for dehydrated Tl and Ca-zeolite A, framework oxide ions are strongly bonded by chemical bonding. This results show structure stability of structural skeleton for z대lite A. When ?? or ?? cations are incorporated in 8-ring, framework oxide ions with ?? cation are bonded by chemical antibonding while framework oxide ions with ?? cation are weakly bonded by chemical antibonding. Charge transfer in ?? with framework oxide ions is moved ?? to 8-ring. Then, net charge of O atoms in 8-ring including ?? cation are increased. But, net charge of O atoms in 8-ring including ?? cation are decreased. With these results, we here indicate that ?? ion are located in the 8-ring and ?? ion are not located in the 8-ring. These results are supported by the recent X-ray experimental study by Kim et al..