Effects of processing method on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of orally administered ginseng

Chen, Jianbo,Li, Meijia,Chen, Lixue,Wang, Yufang,Li, Shanshan,Zhang, Yuwei,Zhang, Lei,Song, Mingjie,Liu, Chang,Hua, Mei,Sun, Yinshi The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.1

Background: The use of different methods for the processing of ginseng can result in alterations in its medicinal properties and efficacy. White ginseng (WG), frozen ginseng (FG), and red ginseng (RG) are produced using different methods. WG, FG, and RG possess different pharmacological properties. Methods: WG, FG, and RG extracts and pure ginsenosides were administered to rats to study the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution characteristics of the following ginsenosides-DRg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd. The concentrations of the ginsenosides in the plasma and tissues were determined using UPLC-MS/MS. Results: The rate and extent of absorption of Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd appeared to be affected by the different methods used in processing the ginseng samples. The areas under the plasma drug concentration-time curves (AUCs) of Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd were significantly higher than those of the pure ginsenosides. In addition, the AUCs of Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd were different for WG, FG, and RG. The amounts of Rg1, Re, Rd, and Rb1 were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the tissues than those of the pure ginsenosides. The amounts of Re, Rb1, and Rd from the RG extract were significantly higher than those from the WG and FG extracts in the heart, lungs, and kidneys of the rats. Conclusion: Our results show that the use of different methods to process ginseng might affect the pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of ginseng as well as the tissue concentrations of Rg1, Re, Rd, and Rb1.

Analysis and Countermeasure Researchon Electronic Resources Utilization in Vocational College

Lixue Chen,Nan Ding,Yabin Gao,Zhiqiang Wu 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.9 No.5

Identification and functional prediction of long noncoding RNAs related to intramuscular fat content in Laiwu pigs

Wang Lixue,Xie Yuhuai,Chen Wei,Zhang Yu,Zeng Yongqing 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.1

Objective: Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a critical economic indicator of pork quality. Studies on IMF among different pig breeds have been performed via high-throughput sequencing, but comparisons within the same pig breed remain unreported. Methods: This study was performed to explore the gene profile and identify candidate long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) and mRNAs associated with IMF deposition among Laiwu pigs with different IMF contents. Based on the longissimus dorsi muscle IMF content, eight pigs from the same breed and management were selected and divided into two groups: a high IMF (>12%, H) and low IMF group (<5%, L). Whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed to explore the differentially expressed (DE) genes between these two groups. Results: The IMF content varied greatly among Laiwu pig individuals (2.17% to 13.93%). Seventeen DE lncRNAs (11 upregulated and 6 downregulated) and 180 mRNAs (112 upregulated and 68 downregulated) were found. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that the following biological processes played an important role in IMF deposition: fatty acid and lipid biosynthetic processes; the extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade; and white fat cell differentiation. In addition, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, phosphatidylinositol- 3-kinase-protein kinase B, and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways were enriched in the pathway analysis. Intersection analysis of the target genes of DE lncRNAs and mRNAs revealed seven candidate genes associated with IMF accumulation. Five DE lncRNAs and 20 DE mRNAs based on the pig quantitative trait locus database were identified and shown to be related to fat deposition. The expression of five DE lncRNAs and mRNAs was verified by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results of qRT-PCR and RNA-sequencing were consistent. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that the different IMF contents among pig individuals may be due to the DE lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with lipid droplets and fat deposition. Objective: Intramuscular fat (IMF) is a critical economic indicator of pork quality. Studies on IMF among different pig breeds have been performed via high-throughput sequencing, but comparisons within the same pig breed remain unreported.Methods: This study was performed to explore the gene profile and identify candidate long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) and mRNAs associated with IMF deposition among Laiwu pigs with different IMF contents. Based on the longissimus dorsi muscle IMF content, eight pigs from the same breed and management were selected and divided into two groups: a high IMF (>12%, H) and low IMF group (<5%, L). Whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed to explore the differentially expressed (DE) genes between these two groups.Results: The IMF content varied greatly among Laiwu pig individuals (2.17% to 13.93%). Seventeen DE lncRNAs (11 upregulated and 6 downregulated) and 180 mRNAs (112 upregulated and 68 downregulated) were found. Gene Ontology analysis indicated that the following biological processes played an important role in IMF deposition: fatty acid and lipid biosynthetic processes; the extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascade; and white fat cell differentiation. In addition, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-protein kinase B, and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways were enriched in the pathway analysis. Intersection analysis of the target genes of DE lncRNAs and mRNAs revealed seven candidate genes associated with IMF accumulation. Five DE lncRNAs and 20 DE mRNAs based on the pig quantitative trait locus database were identified and shown to be related to fat deposition. The expression of five DE lncRNAs and mRNAs was verified by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The results of qRT-PCR and RNA-sequencing were consistent.Conclusion: These results demonstrated that the different IMF contents among pig individuals may be due to the DE lncRNAs and mRNAs associated with lipid droplets and fat deposition.

The role of long noncoding RNAs in livestock adipose tissue deposition - A review

Wang, Lixue,Xie, Yuhuai,Chen, Wei,Zhang, Yu,Zeng, Yongqing Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.7

With the development of sequencing technology, numerous, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered and annotated. Increasing evidence has shown that lncRNAs play an essential role in regulating many biological and pathological processes, especially in cancer. However, there have been few studies on the roles of lncRNAs in livestock production. In animal products, meat quality and lean percentage are vital economic traits closely related to adipose tissue deposition. However, adipose tissue accumulation is also a pivotal contributor to obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and many other diseases, as demonstrated by human studies. In livestock production, the mechanism by which lncRNAs regulate adipose tissue deposition is still unclear. In addition, the phenomenon that different animal species have different adipose tissue accumulation abilities is not well understood. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of lncRNAs and their four functional archetypes and review the current knowledge about lncRNA functions in adipose tissue deposition in livestock species. This review could provide theoretical significance to explore the functional mechanisms of lncRNAs in adipose tissue accumulation in animals.

A Complex Network of Well Log based on Visibility Graph

Xiao Li,Chen lixue,Xiao jingzhong 보안공학연구지원센터(IJSIP) 2014 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.7 No.2

Effects of TLR9/NF-κB on oxidative stress and inflammation in IPEC-J2 cells

Ma Lixia,Geng Jinhong,Chen Wei,Qin Ming,Wang Lixue,Zeng Yongqing 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.10

Background: Oxidative stress is one of the most important factors affecting large-scale breeding, especially the performance of pigs. Oxidative stress plays a role by affecting various genes in pigs, which can cause serious body damage, functional degradation and reduce production performance. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) pathway on IPEC-J2 cells under oxidative stress and to provide reference for the growth development of Dapulian pigs. Methods: In this study, Diquat was used as a source of oxidative stress to study the effects on Dapulian pigs by detecting relevant indicators. Then the IPEC-J2 cells were selected to verify the TLR9 signaling pathway in oxidative stress. Results: Compared with the control group, superoxide dismutase (SOD) in experimental group decreased significantly, malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased, accompanied by inflammatory reaction, and inflammatory factors were significantly increased in the experimental group. Oxidative stress model was constructed by H2O2 incubating IPEC-J2 cells. The interference and overexpression vectors of TLR9 and myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) were constructed to detect the activity of antioxidant enzymes and related proteins. The results showed that overexpression of TLR9 enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, decreased the secretion of inflammatory factors, and decreased the activity of MDA,reactive oxygen species (ROS); the results were opposite after TLR9 interference. This study also showed that H2O2 can activate the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway and promote the translocation of NF-κB into the nucleus. After co-transfection with TLR9 and MyD88, the results showed that TLR9 regulated the expression of NF-κB through MyD88. Conclusion: The study showed that TLR9 pathway had a significant positive effect on antioxidant.

Role of IFNLR1 gene in PRRSV infection of PAM cells

Ming Qin,Wei Chen,Zhixin Lin,Lixue Wang,Lixia Ma,Jinhong Geng,Yu Zhang,Jing Zhao,Yong-Qing Zeng 대한수의학회 2021 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.22 No.3

Background: Interferon lambda receptor 1 (IFNLR1) is a type II cytokine receptor that clings to interleukins IL-28A, IL29B, and IL-29 referred to as type III IFNs (IFN-λs). IFN-λs act through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway to exert antiviral effects related to preventing and curing an infection. Although the immune function of IFN-λs in virus invasion has been described, the molecular mechanism of IFNLR1 in that process is unclear. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of IFNLR1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Methods: The effects of IFNLR1 on the proliferation of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) during PRRSV infection were investigated using interference and overexpression methods. Results: In this study, the expressions of the IFNLR1 gene in the liver, large intestine, small intestine, kidney, and lung tissues of Dapulian pigs were significantly higher than those in Landrace pigs. It was determined that porcine IFNLR1 overexpression suppresses PRRSV replication. The qRT-PCR results revealed that overexpression of IFNLR1 upregulated antiviral and IFN-stimulated genes. IFNLR1 overexpression inhibits the proliferation of PAMs and upregulation of p-STAT1. By contrast, knockdown of IFNLR1 expression promotes PAMs proliferation. The G0/G1 phase proportion in IFNLR1-overexpressing cells increased, and the opposite change was observed in IFNLR1-underexpressing cells. After inhibition of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, the G2/M phase proportion in the IFNLR1-overexpressing cells showed a significant increasing trend. In conclusion, overexpression of IFNLR1 induces activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of PAMs infected with PRRSV. Conclusion: Expression of the IFNLR1 gene has an important regulatory role in PRRSV-infected PAMs, indicating it has potential as a molecular target in developing a new strategy for the treatment of PRRSV.

Fabrication of copper ions-substituted hydroxyapatite/polydopamine nanocomposites with high antibacterial and angiogenesis effects for promoting infected wound healing

Bailong Tao,Chuanchuan Lin,Ai Guo,Yonglin Yu,Xian Qin,Kai Li,Hongchuan Tian,Weiwei Yi,Dengliang Lei,Lixue Chen 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.104 No.-

Infected wound healing remains a critical threat, which frequently delays the healing process and evenleads to severe life-threatening complications. Herein, we reported an effective anti-infection approach,which was based on copper ions-releasing hydroxyapatite/polydopamine (HA-Cu/PDA) nanocompositeswith photothermal effect. The HA-Cu/PDA nanocomposites was fabricated through a co-precipitationreaction between polydopamine (PDA)-coated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA)-loaded Cu2+ (HA-Cu). Through a synergistic effect of released Cu2+ and photothermal efficiency of PDA coating, and the HACu/PDA nanocomposites exhibited extraordinary antibacterial capacities against Escherichia coli (E. coli)and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The nanocomposites presented good biocompatibility for mouseembryonic fibroblast (NIH-3T3) cells and promoted NIH3T3 cells to migrate toward wound sites. Additionally, this nanocomposite could stimulate the tissue remodeling-related gene expression toinduce the blood vessels formation, granulation tissues and collagen deposition, and eventually enhancewound healing. In vivo study further verified that HA-Cu/PDA nanocomposites with NIR irradiation couldsignificantly improve bacterial infected wound healing through the prominent antibacterial property,reduced inflammatory response, the formation of granulation tissue, collagen deposition, and angiogenesisability. Thus, this study develops a versatile strategy for a broad range of wound healing and skinreconstruction caused by bacterial infection.