니세틸 정(아세틸-엘-카르니틴 500 mg)에 대한 뉴로세틸 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,김은아,정현철,심영순,임동구,오인준,문재동,이용복 전남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 약품개발연구지 Vol.10 No.-

Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), an endogenous component of the L-carnitine family, is naturally occurring molecule synthesized from L-carnitine (LC) by carnitine acetyl transferase. ALC has been shown to improve the cognitive performance of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer's type and proposed for treating Alzheimer's disease in pharmacological doses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two ALC tablets, Nicetiler^TM (Dong-A pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Neurocetil^TM (Kyung-Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration. Twenty six normal male volunteers, 22.80±2.76 year in age and 63.07 7.98㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 500㎎ of ALC was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of ALC in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. Because of the presence of endogenous ALC, the calibration was performed using dialyzed serum. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_max and T_max were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_max and T_max between two tablets were 2.72%, -0.65% and -8.42%, respectively, when calculated against the Nicetile^TM tablet. The powers (1-β) for AUC_t and C_max were 94.87% and 87.17%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (Δ) at α=0.05 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 15.58% and 19.16% AUC_t and C_max, respectively). The 90% confidence intervals were within ±20% (e.g., -11.84∼6.41 and -10.57∼11.88 for AUC_t and C_max, respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Neurocetil^TM tablet is bioequivalent to Nicetile^TM tablet.

니세틸 정(아세틸 - 엘 - 카르니틴 500mg)에 대한 뉴로세틸 정의 생물학적 동등성

조혜영,오인준,이용복,임동구,문재동,심영순,김은아,정현철 한국약제학회 2001 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.31 No.1

Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), an endogenous component of the L-carnitine family, is naturally occurring molecule synthesized from L-carnitine (LC) by carnitine acetyl transferase. ALC has been shown to improve the cognitive performance of patients suffering from dementia of the Alzheimer's type and proposed for treating Alzheimer's disease in pharmacological doses. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two ALC tablets, Nicetile^(TM) (Dong-A pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and Neurocetil^(TM) (Kyung-Dong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration. Twenty six normal male volunteers, 22.80±2.76 year in age and 63.07±7.98 ㎏ in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2 × 2 cross-over study was employed. After one tablet containing 500 ㎎ of ALC was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of ALC in serum were determined using HPLC with fluorescence detector. Because of the presence of endogenous ALC, the calibration was performed using dialyzed serum. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC_t, C_(max) and T_(max) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUC_t, C_(max) and T_(max) between two tablets were 2.72%, -0.65% and -8.42%, respectively, when calculated against the Nicetile^(TM) tablet. The powers (1-β) for AUC_t and C_(max) were 94.87% and 87.17%, respectively. Minimum detectable differences (△) at α=0.05 and 1-β=0.8 were less than 20% (e.g., 15.58% and 19.16% AUC_t and C_(max), respectively). The 90% confidence intervals were within ±20% (e.g., -11.84∼6.41 and -10.57∼11.88 for AUC_t and C_(max), respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Neurocetil^(TM) tablet is bioequivalent to Nicetile^(TM) tablet.

家兎副腎으로 부터 Adenosine에 의한 Acetylcholine의 Catecholamines 分泌의 相乘作用

林東潤,崔哲熙 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1986 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.11 No.1

This study is an attempt to investigate the effect of adenosine, which is known as a presynaptic modulator of neurotransmitter release from autonomic nerve ending's, on the potentiation of acetylcholine(Ach)-induced secretion of calecholamines (CA) from the isolated perfused rabbit adrenal gland. Adenosine(0.18mM), when perfused into the adrenal gIand for 30min, potentiated significantly Ach(50㎍)-induced CA secretion as compared to its corresponding value(655.6±102.5 and 353.2±59.3 ng/4min. respectively) and this potentiation lasted over 2hr. Adenosine-induced potentiation of CA secrction by Ach was antagonized by treatment with neophylline(dihyclroxypropyltheophyllinc, 0.2mM) which is an adenosine receptor blocking' agent. Adenosine also potentiated CA secretion by KCl(200㎍), a direct dePolarizinq agent, and nicotine(10㎍), but less than that evoked by Ach. Physostigmine(eaerine, 10nM), which is an anticholinesterase, weakened the effect of adenosine on Ach-induced CA seretion. and vice versa. From the above mentioned results, it is thought that adenosine-evoked potentiation of Ach-induced CA secretion is exerted via adenosine receptors on chromaffin cells and that it exhibits no specific relationship to nicotine receptors, but may produce an intracelluar effect opposite to that caused by physostigmine. And it also seems that there is a species difference in the modulation of adenosine to CA secretion from the adrenal gland.

蟠蔥散의 適應病理와 臨床活用에 關한 小考

林樂哲,金聖勳,金東熙,全基石 대한동의병리학회 1998 동의생리병리학회지 Vol.12 No.2

蟠蔥散은 《太平惠民和劑局方》에 收載된 이래, 胃腸, 少腹(下腹部), 前陰, 子宮 等의 虛寒(虛冷)性 症狀과 少陰人 裏寒證 等에 應用되고 있다. 蟠蔥散을 投與한 患者 106例를 對象으로 性別 및 年齡分布, 投與量, 處方構成, 症狀의 頻度 및 症候 分析을 한 결과 總 患者中 女子患者가 男子에 比하여 월등히 많았고, 投與 分量은 成人은 20貼 以內가 가장 많았으며 症狀의 頻度는 腹痛(右側下服痛, 小腹痛, 胃酸痛, 産後腹痛), 生理痛, 腰痛, 過敏性腸症候群, 不姙, 冷帶下順으로 나타났다. 本 方의 適應症은 虛冷에서 오는 疝氣作痛을 비롯해서 胃腸疾患, 胸脇背項에 連한 拘及痛, 小腹이나 外腎의 腫刺痛, 婦人의 子宮系疾患等으로 要約할 수 있으며, 特히 少腹冷痛과 四象 體質中 少陰人의 裏寒證에 效果的이었다. To use effective application of Ban Chong San(BCS) effectively, bibliographical study of BCS and clinical evaluation of BCS on distribution of sex, age, frequency of treatment and changes of symptoms of 106 patients treated with BCS from 1997. 9. 1. to 1997. 12. 31 at my clinic. The result were summarized as follows. 1. Among total 106 patient, a number of women and men were 90 (85%) and 16(15%) respectively 2. The number of children was 8.(7.5%) 3. Approximately, BCS was administrated to the adults for 10 days, 20 chups. 4. Chief symptoms were abdominal pain right abdominal pain, lower abdominal pain, stomachache, postpartal abdominal pain, menstrual pain, lower back pain, hypersensitive intestine syndrome, sterility, leucorrhea. 5. BCS can be effective in stabbing pain, gastric disease, terrible pain, connected chest back, stabbing pain of lower abdominal region or kidney region and uretus disease of women : induced by cold.

Metoclopramide가 휜쥐의 血壓에 미치는 影響

임동윤,최동준,김규형,최철희,박재윤,문재규,김문석,황두환 中央醫學社 1988 中央醫學 Vol.53 No.9

Influences of metocopramide (MCP), which is a seletive dopaminergic antagonist, on blood pressure of the rat and its mechanism of action were investigated in the present study. MCP administered into a femoral vein of the rat caused markedly a dose-related fall in blood pressure followed by secondary transient pressor response. The depressor action evoked by MCP was not blocked by pretreatment of atropine or chlorisondamine, while the pressor action was inhibited significantly. Prazosin treatment reduced markedly both of depressor and pressor induced by MCP. MCP-evoked pressor action was not affected by clonidine, but the depressor response was attenuated significantly. Debrisoquin treatment made the inhibited response to MCP-induced pressor response, while did not affect the depressor action. Both of pressor and depressor responses evoked by MCP were not influenced by cyproheptadine. The hypertensive activity induced by nor epinephrine was weakened markedly by the infusion of MCP (1.50 mg/kg/30min.), but the pressor action evoked by dopamine not affected. These experimental data suggest that MCP produces biphasic responses (depressor and pressor) in blood pressure of the rat, and that the hypotensive activity is due to adrenergic alpha-receptors blockade, and that pressor activity is exerted through stimulation of cholinergic nicotinic receptors in autonmic ganglia.

활성탄을 이용한 낙동강 상수원수의 수처리 효과

임영성,강관호,이홍재,서동철,허종수,손보균,조주식 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.3

상수원수를 보다 효과적으로 처리함으로서 양질의 수돗물을 공급하기 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 낙동강 상수원수를 대상으로 활성탄처리에 의한 공탐체류시간 및 활성탄 여층 깊이에 따른 수처리 효율과 생물활성탄으로서의 이용 가능성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 공탑체류시간(EBCT)에 따른 수처리 효율은 EBCT가 증가할수록 증가되었으나 운전시간이 경과함에 따라 활성탄 흡착능력은 감소되어 처리효율도 서서히 감소하였다. 활성탄 여층깊이에 따른 pH 변화는 활성탄 층 깊이에 따라 거의 없었으며, D0는 활성탄 층 깊이가 깊을수록 서서히 감소하였다. KMnO^4 소비량, UV254 흡광물질 DOC 및 THMFP 처리효율은 활성만 표층으로부터 하부로 내려갈수록 증가하였으며, 운전시간이 경과할수록 활성탄 상층부에 형성되어 있던 흡착대파 하부로 이동하였다. DOC의 상당 부분이 활성탄여과지에 서식하는 미생물 작용에 의해 분해 제거되는 것으로 나타났으며, 운전개시 126일 후의 BAC에서 활성탄 표층으로 부터깊이 20 cm 부근에 미생물이 1.1*10^7 cell/cm^3 이상 존재하는 것으로 관찰되어 생물활성탄 조건을 만족시키고 있었다. This study was carried out to evaluate the pollutant removal efficiencies of the advanced drinking water treatment using mated carbon process. For raw water, Nakdong river was used. From the activated carbon adsorption experiment, the following results were obtained. The efficiency of water treatment enhanced with increase in empty bed contact time. Variation of pH was not detected to the bed depth, but DO content gradually decreased with the bed depth, Removal efficiency of KMnO₄ consumption, UV254 absorption, DOC and THMFP also were increased by increasing in the bed depth. Transition of adsorption zone from upper parts of the bed to the lower parts were detected as treatment periods increased. Large portion of DOCs were degraded and removed by the microbes growing on the surface of activated carbons. Cell numbers of microbes were estimated over 1.1 × 10 exp(7) cell/㎤ at the depth of 20 ㎝ from the surface 126 days after starting operation. The results shown that the activated carbon filter was successfully acted as a biofilm filter.

화목피 추출물이 Streptozotocin 으로 유발시킨 흰쥐의 당뇨와 Free Radical 에 미치는 효과

임병우,서태원,신흥묵,박동기,김선여,조금호,김호철 대한본초학회 2000 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.15 No.2

Type I diabetes is caused by destruction of the pancreatic beta cells responsible for insulin-secretion. It can be induced by the drugs alloxan or streptozotocin (STZ). Both an increase in reaction oxygen free radical species and a decrease in the antioxidant defense mechanism lead to the increase in oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. Oxygen radicals scavengers are effective in preventing diagetes in animal models. Experiments were conducted by two system. The Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with STZ intravenous injection after oral administrated Betula's extract and quercetin for a week, and were administrated them for a week. In vitro, Betula's extracts and quercetin showed a tendency towards inhibition of free radical oxidation in all. In vivo, Betula's extracts group exhibited suppression morphologic change in pancreatic islet compare quercetin group on light microscopy. The Betula's extract significantly inhibited formation of MDA compared to the STZ-induced diabetic group in pancreas.They also significantly inhibited formation of Phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide(PCOOH) compared to the STZ-induced diabetic group in pancreas and plasma, which considered defense against destruction in beta cells. The protection by Betula's extracts may be due to scavenging of deleterious and highly reactive free radical which is generated by STZ. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, the effect of Betula's extract are greater than that of quercetin. Based on this result, we concluded that Betula's extract has the ability to effectively suppress in vitro and in vivo oxidation, thereby providing additional evidence for their potential beneficial type I diabetes.

칼슘제 수관살포가 참다래의 과실 품질과 저장에 미치는 영향

임경호,나양기,임동근,마경철,조윤섭,김월수,이상현,박용서 全南大學校 農業科學技術硏究所 2001 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.36 No.-

This study were carried out to improve Kiwifruit quality and storage life. Three kinds of calcium compound were sprayed and calcium content of fruits, weight loss during fruit storage and fruit quality were investigated. Calcium contents within leaves and fruit were lower in Clef-non treatment than that of control. The calcium content in fruit pericarp of Kalk-H and CaCl2 was 0.04 to 0.05% higher than that of control. Fruit weight and soluble solids content at harvest was a little higher but acidity and fruit hardness was lowered. Fruit weight loss of Kalk-H and CaCl2 treatment was 1.39 to 1.53% lower than that of control during storage. The soluble solids of ripen fruit was 1.0 to 1.3% higher in all treatment and 0.8% higher in Kalk-H treatment in 120 of after storage. Fruit hardness of control fruit was higher at harvest but that of CaCl2 treatmented fruit was 0.39㎏/φ 5㎜ higher in 120 days of storage.

연속식 오존처리공정을 이용한 낙동강 상수원수의 정수처리 효과

임영성,강관호,이홍재,서동철,박문수,허종수,조주식 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.3

낙동강 상수원수를 대상으로 연속적 오존처리에서 오존주업농도에 따른 유기물 분해 특성을 조사하기 위하여 오존처리에 의한 DOC성분변화, UV254/DOC의 변화와 소비오존에 따른 DOC 제거효율을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 유입원수의 수질변화에 따라 다소 차이는 있었으나 전반적으로 오존주입농도가 증가할수록 DOC 처리효율도 증가되었다. 오존처리에 따른 DOC 성분변화는 전오존을 3 mg/L농도로 처리시 TDOC, ADOC, A&BDOC 및 NRDOC는 각각0.6, 0.2, 0.1 및 1.0 mg/L 정도 오존처리에 의하여 감소되었으나 BDOC는 0.8 mg/L 증가하였다. UV254/DOC의 분율은 오존주입농도를 1, 3 및 5 mg/L 처리하였을 때 전오존의 경우는 각각 0.048, 0.044 및 0.037 이였고, 후오존의 경우는 각각 0.018, 0.015 및 0.012로 나타나 오존주입농도가 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 초기 DOC mg당 소비되는 오존량에 대한 DOC 제거율은 전오존과 후오존처리의 초기 DOC에 대한 소비오존량이 각각 약 1.5와 2.3일 때 각자 25%와 32%로서 최대의 DOC 처리효율을 나타내었다. 낙동강 상수원수에 전오존을 처리할 경우 오존주입량은 초기 DOC mg당 소비된 오존이 1.5 mg 이내의 농도가 되도록 주입하고, 후오존은 유입수인 모래여과수의 초기 DOC mg당 소비된 오존이 2.3 mg이내의 농도가 되도록 조절하여 주입하면 적당할 것으로 생각되었다. This study was carried out to evaluate the pollutant removal efficiencies of the advanced drinking water treatment using ozonation process. For raw water. Nakdong River was used. By conducting continuous ozonation experiments, the following results were obtained. Efficiency of water treatment was enhanced with increase in ozone dosage. When ozone dosage of 3 mg/L was used, preozonation of raw water reduced TDOC, ADOC, A&BDOC and NRDOC as much as 0.6 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. On the other hand, content of BDOC Increased at the level of 0.8 mg/L. Ratio of UV254 absorbance to DOC content by the preozonation with 1, 3 and 5 mg/L dosage were 0.048, 0.044 and 0.037, respectively. In case of postozonation, it were 0.018, 0.015 and 0.012, respectively. When the ratios of consumpted ozone content to 1 mg of initial DOC were 1.5 and 2.3 in preozonation and postozonation treatment, respectively, the highest DOC removal rates of 25% and 32% were obtained by the continuous ozonation.

광주지역 황룡강 수계의 식물상

조원철,임동옥 호남대학교산업기술연구소 2011 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.17 No.2

본 논문은 2008년 3월부터 10월까지 황룡강 수계 중 광주광역시에 포함된 총 7개 조사지역에서 식물상과 수생식물의 분포를 분석하였다. 조사 결과 전체 식물상은 81과 220속 279종 37변종 1품종으로 총 317종류가 확인되었다. 수생식물은 30과 55속 67종 8변종으로 총 75종류가 나타났으며, 생육환경별 조건에 따라 수생식물 중 정수식물 22종, 부엽식물 7종, 침수식물 7종, 부유식물 2종 및 습생식물 37종이 각각 확인되었고, 환경부 지정 멸종위기종은 나타나지 않았으며, 산림청지정 희귀 및 멸종위기식물로는 자라풀 1종이 확인되었다. 각 조사지역에서 조사된 귀화식물은 14과 40속 46종 3변종으로 총 49종류가 확인 되었으며, 평균 도시화지수는 18.4%, 귀화율은 15.5%였다. 주요어: 황룡강, 수생식물, 멸종위기종, 귀화식물 This study was identified on the flora and distribution of hydrophytes of the 7 sites selected in Hwang-Yong River through Gwangju from March to October, 2008. In this survey, flora were identified as 317 taxa; belonging to 81 families, 220 genera, 279 species, 37 varieties and 1 forms. Rare and endangered plants selected by Forest Ministry were appeared Hydrocharis dubia. The hydrophytes were classified 75 taxa; 30 families, 55 genera, 67 species and 8 varieties. Among the hydrophytes emerged plants were 22, floating-leaved plants were 7, submerged plants were 7, free floating plants were 2 and swamp hydrophytes were 37 species respectively in Hwang-Yong River. The Ministry of Environment help protect Endangered Species has not been verified, Specify the rare and endangered plants, the Forest Service check out a piece of paper was Hydrocharis dubia. Naturalized plants were identified 49 taxa;14 families, 40 genera, 46 species and 3 varieties. The urbanization index(UI) was 18.4% and the urbanization rate(NR) was 15.5% of which were investigated 7 each sites. Key words: Hwang-Yong River, Hydrophytes, Endangered Species, Naturalized Plants