Knockout of the EgriBLOS2 gene results in the transparent integuments of Ectropis grisescens larvae

Li Jia-Li,Zhuang Xiang-Lin,Yuan Ting-Ting,Cai Xiao-Ming,Luo Zong-Xiu,Bian Lei,Chen Zong-Mao,Li Zhao-Qun,Liu Nai-Yong 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.1

The body colors of insects have evolved specialized roles in body protection, signaling and physiology. In some case, the larvae can camouflage their body colors to adapt the habitants and protect themselves. However, the genetic and molecular basis on larval body colors of the tea geometrid, Ectropis grisescens, remains poorly known. Here, we reported an effect of the lysosome-related organelles complex-1, subunit 2 (EgriBLOS2) gene knockout on larval integuments of E. grisescens, by using a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system. Combining transcriptomic data and PCR approaches, we first identified the EgriBLOS2 gene from E. grisescens, which encoded 137 amino acids and comprised 3 introns. In the phylogenetic analysis, EgriBLOS2 clustered in the Lepidoptera clade with high conservation to members in other lepidopteran species. Developmental expression profiles revealed that EgriBLOS2 was constantly tran scribed at each stage, in which its expression was significantly lower in 2nd instar larvae than that of other instars. After injecting EgriBLOS2-specific guide RNA and Cas9 messenger RNA into eggs, 70% of larvae showed the translucent integuments in G0 generation, with an emphasis on black splayed patterns in the 2nd and 8th segments of abdomens. However, some typical characteristics of larvae were not obviously changed in mutant instars, such as ocelli, mouthparts and other appendants. This study has unraveled the roles of EgriBLOS2 in the formation of larval integument colors, and provides an alternative strategy for pest management based on the colors in this species.

Fatigue Strength and Fracture Behaviour of CHS-to-RHS T-Joints Subjected to Out-of-Plane Bending

Bian, Li-Chun,Lim, Jae-Kyoo,Kim, Yon-Jig The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2003 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.17 No.2

The fatigue behaviour of six different hollow section T-joints subjected to out-of-plane bending moment was investigated experimentally using scaled steel models. The joints had circular brace members and rectangular chord members. Hot spot stresses and the stress concentration factors. (SCFs) were determined experimentally. Fatigue testing was carried out under constant amplitude loading in air. The test results have been statistically evaluated, and show that the experimental SCF values for circular-to-rectangular (CHS-to-RHS) hollow section joints were found to be below those of circular-to-circular (CHS-to-CHS) hollow section joints. The fatigue strength, referred to experimental hot spot stress, was in reasonably good agreement with referred fatigue design codes for tubular joints.

Effect of Diclazuril on the Bursa of Fabricius Morphology and SIgA Expression in Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella

Bian-hua Zhou,Li-li Liu,Jeffrey Liu,Fu-wei Yuan,Er-jie Tian,Hong-wei Wang 대한기생충학열대의학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Parasitology Vol.53 No.6

Transcriptome analysis of gene expression patterns during embryonic development in golden cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta)

Li Bian,Changlin Liu,Siqing Chen,Fazhen Zhao,Jianlong Ge,Jie Tan 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.3

Golden cuttlefish (Sepia esculenta) is an important economic species in China. Because of the rapid decline of its natural resource, researchers are exploring breeding technique for this species. The major obstacle that hinders artificial breeding of S. esculenta is the low larvae survival rate. Mortality is especially high during the mouth-opening stage. Investigating the embryogenesis before the first feed could provide theoretical guidance for reproduction control and breeding of S. esculenta and other Sepia species. In this study, we analyzed the dynamics of the S. esculenta transcriptome along different stages of embryonic development by mRNA-sEq. Our bioinformatics protocol identified 1492 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across the early developmental stages. Gene ontology enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly involved in developmental processes and molecular functions, including chitin metabolic process, peptidase activity, catalytic activity, and calcium ion binding. Our results indicated that genes related to cuttlebone development and gene regulation functions were active during the early life phase of S. esculenta. Hierarchical clustering of the DEGs reflected the successiveness of the developmental stages, revealing that gene expression patterns of neighboring stages were similar. The DEG analysis allowed us to identify specific genes and relevant biological pathways to better understand the molecular mechanisms during each developmental stage. This study provides novel insights into the processes underlying the early developmental stages of S. esculenta. The transcriptomic data and identified genes will serve as valuable references for the developmental biology of this species and will help promote its aquaculture research.

Comparative analysis on the diversity of Auricularia auricula based on physiological characteristics, somatic incompatibility and TRAP fingerprinting

Li Li,Xiu-Zhi Fan,Wei Liu,Yang Xiao,Yan Zhou,Yin-Bing Bian 한국버섯학회 2010 한국버섯학회 국제학술대회 Vol.6 No.-

Expression of selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase 5 (GPx5) in the epididymis of Small Tail Han sheep

Li, Ruilan,Fan, Xiaomei,Zhang, Tong,Song, Huizi,Bian, Xiaona,Nai, Rile,Li, Jinquan,Zhang, Jiaxin Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.10

Objective: Selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase (GPx5) is specifically expressed in the mammalian epididymis and plays an important role in protecting sperm from reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation damage. This study investigates GPx5 expression in the epididymis of Small Tail Han sheep. Methods: GPx5 expression was studied in three age groups: lamb (2 to 3 months), young (8 to 10 months), and adult (18 to 24 months). The epididymis of each age group divided into caput, corpus and cauda, respectively. Analysis the expression quantity of GPx5 in epididymis and testis by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Finally, GPx5 protein locating in the epididymis by immunohistochemical. Results: The results demonstrate that in the lamb group, the GPx5 mRNA, but not protein, can be detected. GPx5 mRNA and expressed protein were detected in both the young and adult groups. Moreover, both the mRNA and protein levels of GPx5 were significantly higher in the young group than in other two groups. When the different segments of epididymis were investigated, GPx5 mRNA was expressed in each segment of epididymis regardless of age. Additionally, the mRNA level in the caput was significantly higher than that in corpus and cauda within same age group. The GPx5 protein was in the epithelial cells' cytoplasm. However, GPx5 mRNA and protein were not detected in the testis. Conclusion: These results suggest that GPx5 is mainly expressed in the epididymis of Small Tail Han sheep, and that the expression level of GPx5 is associated with age. Additionally, GPx5 was primarily expressed in the epithelial cells of the caput. Taken together, these studies indicate that GPx5 is expressed in the epididymis in all age grades.

Comparative analysis on the diversity of Auricularia auricula based on physiological characteristics, somatic incompatibility and TRAP fingerprinting

Li Li,Xiu-Zhi Fan,Wei Liu,Yang Xiao,Yan Zhou,Yin-Bing Bian 한국버섯학회 2010 한국버섯학회지 Vol.8 No.4

Phenotypic traits (physiological characteristics and somatic incompatibility) and genotypic traits (target region amplification polymorphism TRAP) were used to survey the diversity in Chinese Auricularia auricula systematically, which consisted of 32 main cultivated strains. The 27 important and stable physiological indexes were evaluated; somatic incompatibility test (SIT) reaction was described from three aspects: type, pigment, and intensity while intensity clustering alone revealed the phenotypic diversity among the 32 strains;16 pairs of TRAP primer combinations produced 535 unambiguous and reproducible DNA fragments, of these 524 (97.9%) were polymorphic. The phylogenetic trees were constructed by Unweighted Pair-group Method with Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA), which distributed the test strains into four to six major groups respectively. The principal coordinate analysis (PCO) of the three methods (physiological characteristics, SIT intensity and TRAP) exhibited highly similar clustering patterns, revealing that all the test strains can be divided into three groups considered significantly correlated with geographical regions. Results revealed the occurrence of relatively low diversity of A. auricula in the study. The cultivated strains in the same region are more similar physiologically and some strains are suspected to be synonymous. This study suggests that the value for estimating diversity are represented by TRAP>SIT reaction intensity>physiological characteristics in A. auricula, and PCO analysis can provided more effective and visible information than the UPGMA clustering dendrogram. Our finding will facilitate future germplasm resources management and breeding program of A. auricula in China.

Fatigue Strength and Fracture Behaviour of CHS-to-RHS T-Joints Subjected to Out-of-Plane Bending

Li-Chun Bian,Jae-Kyoo Lim,Yon Jig Kim 대한기계학회 2003 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.17 No.2

The fatigue behaviour of six different hollow section T-joints subjected to out-of-plane bending moment was investigated experimentally using scaled steel models. The joints had circular brace members and rectangular chord members. Hot spot stresses and the stress concentration factors (SCFs) were determined experimentally. Fatigue testing was carried out under constant amplitude loading in air. The test results have been statistically evaluated, and show that the experimental SCF values for circular-to-rectangular (CHS-to-RHS) hollow section joints were found to be below those of circular-to-circular (CHS-to-CHS) hollow section joints. The fatigue strength,referred to experimental hot spot stress, was in reasonably good agreement with referred fatigue design codes for tubular joints.<br/>

夏郁的近代: 抗戰時期徽州敎育的畸形繁榮

변리 ( Li Bian ) 전남대학교 호남학연구원 2015 감성연구 Vol.0 No.10

1937년 7월 7일, 칠칠사변의 발생으로 중국은 본격적인 항일전쟁시기에 들어간다. 동쪽의 대도시 상해, 중화민국 수도 남경이 연이어 일본군에게 함락된 후, 중국의 화동내륙지역인 휘주 지역은 일본군에게 아직 점령되지 않은 하나의 큰 후방이 된다. 중국을 침략한 일본군의 무차별적인 공격을 피하기 위해 상해와 남경 그리고 소주 등 일본군에게 점령당한 지역의 중고생과 대학생이 대거 휘주로 들어왔고 이 일본군 미 점령지역에 연달아 학교를 설립하며 항일전쟁시기 휘주 교육은 기형적 발전을 이루게 된다. 항일전쟁시기, 휘주 산지로 이동한 많은 명문 중고등학교가 보유한 양질의 교사진으로 인해 인재 양성 방면에 있어 극히 뛰어난 성과를 얻게 된다. 이현으로 이전한 복단대학 부절중고가 그 예다. 당시 학교측은 거금을 아끼지 않고 유명한 교사들을 대거 영입했다. 그들은 교재가 부족한 상황에서 직접 교재를 편찬하고 칠판에 그림을 그렸고 교실수업과 수업 후 보충수업을 연결하는 방식을 채용했으며 학생들의 일기를 면밀히 검사하여 숙제로 발췌했다. 또 공전의 국난 중에도 학생들은 학습 보국정신을 발휘했다. 이 시기의 중고생들은 극심한 환난 속에서도 즐거움을 찾고 학업에 분발하며 스터디, 수양회, 이야기 모임 및 시가 낭송모임을 만들어 풍성한 과외활동을 했다: 1941년, 고등학교 졸업자 중 5명의 총 성적이 평균 85점을 넘어 중산대학에 추천입학 되었다. 그 후이를 전후로 많은 학생들이 졸업시험을 통과해 서남연합대학, 중앙대학 복단대학, 동제대학과 절강대학 등의 명문대에 합격되었다. 상해와 남경 및 소주 등 일본군 함락지역의 유명한 고등학교들의 휘주로의 이전은 항일전쟁시기 휘주 중고등 교육의 번영과 발전을 촉진했다. As Marco Polo Bridge Incident (Lu Gou Qiao Incident) occurred on Jul. 7, 1937, China stepped into the period of full-scale anti-Japanese war. After Shanghai, big city in Eastern part and Nanjing, capital of the Republic of China fell to the Japanese military, Huizhou located in East China was a major part in the rear not occupied by the Japanese military. To avoid indiscriminative attacks from the Japanese military that invaded China, a lot of students of middle and high schools, and colleges came to Huizhou from Shanghai, Nanjing, and Sozhou which were occupied by the Japanese military, which resulted in continuous establishment of schools in the unoccupied area and abnormal development of Huizhou education in the period of anti-Japanese war. In the period of anti-Japanese war, there was remarkable achievement in cultivation of talents thanks to the quality students and faculty who served for prestigious middle and high schools moved to the mountainous area, Huizhou. A good example was the middle and high school affiliated to Fudan University moved to Yi Xian. The school authority recruited a great number of distinguished teachers at a great cost that times. Due to the lack of textbooks, the teachers compiled the textbooks themselves, drew figures on the blackboard, used after-school class as well as class in classroom, and carefully read students`` diary and extracted some items from that for homework Students displayed learning and patriotism under the unprecedented national crisis. In the period, the middle and high school students tried to find the pleasure of learning under the severe crisis and enjoyed academical and various after-school activities such as study club, conference to promote moral and spiritual living, story club and Siga reading club. In 1941, five of the graduates from high school got a good grade, average of 85 or above and entered Sun Yet-sen University by recommendation Since then, a lot of students passed the graduation examination and entered prestigious universities such as Tsinghua University, Central University, Fudan University, Tongii University and Jhejiang University. Moving of prestigious high schools in Shanghai, Nanjing, and Sozhou which Japanese military occupied to Huizhou promoted development and prosperity of middle and high school education in Huizhou in the period of anti-Japanese war.

The Phytotoxic Effects of Selenium–Mercury Interactions on Root Growth in Brassica rapa (LvLing)

Zhi-Wei Bian,Jian Chen,Hui Li,Dan-Dan Liu,Li-Fei Yang,Yue-Lin Zhu,Wen-Li Zhu,Wei Liu,Zheng-Zheng Ying 한국원예학회 2016 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.57 No.3

Rapid industrial and agricultural development has dramatically increased the emission of selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg) into the environment. Combined soil pollution by Se and Hg poses a potential threat to crop production. However, no toxic effects of Hg–Se interactions on plants have been reported previously. In this study, we investigated the effects of Hg–Se interactions on biochemical and physiological indices in the roots of Brassica rapa (LvLing). Seedlings were treated hydroponically with solutions of mercury chloride (1 μM), sodium selenite (4 μM), or a combination of the two. Combined Hg+Se treatment significantly inhibited root growth, reduced root biomass, and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde accumulation and led to a loss of plasma membrane integrity. The combined treatment increased glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and peroxidase activity, reduced superoxide dismutase activity, and had no effect on catalase activity. In addition, we detected increased glutathione concentrations in root tips and reduced ascorbic acid concentrations in the presence of Hg+Se relative to individual treatments with these elements. Thus, Hg–Se interactions enhanced oxidative injury, cell death, and phytotoxicity in B. rapa roots.