시간지연을 갖는 적분 시스템의 PID 제어기 동조법

이윤형(Yun-Hyung Lee),안종갑(Jong-Kap Ahn),소명옥(Myung-Ok So),이준탁(Jun-Tack Lee) 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2007 한국마린엔지니어링학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

A simple tuning methods of PI, PD and PID controller are proposed for an integrating process with time delay. This is based on matching the coefficients of corresponding powers of s in the numerator and that in the denominator of the closed-loop transfer function. For set-point tracking problem, the derived controller is found to be a PD controller which is shown by Lee's tuning rule based on minimizing the performance indexes (lSE, IAE, ITAE) using a real-coded genetic algorithm. A method can be also proposed PI, PID controllers according to tuning parameter lambda (A) similar to IMC method. Simulation example is given to illustrate the set-point tracking performance of the proposed method.

자궁경부종양에서 Cathepsin-D 표현의 의의

이춘희,김세진,전상식,이택후,조영래,채종민 경북대학교 병원 1997 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.1 No.1

Various clinical and histopathologic characteristics are currently used to obtain prognostic information about cervical carcinoma, but they do not predict the outcome for any individual patients. Thus, there is a need to identify additional tumor characteristics that are able to predict more accurately the outcome for an individual patient with cervical cancer. In this study, we explored the relationship between cathepsin-D expression and progression of the cervical neoplasia, the correlation between response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cathepsin-D expression, and we investigated if tumor cell cathepsin-D expression could serve as a prognostic factor in cervical carcinoma. Tumor tissues were obtained from 14 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and 52 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Cathepsin-S expression was identified by immunohistochemical methods using monoclonal antibody cathepsin-D (BioGene). Positive cathepsin-D immunoreaction in greater than 30% of carcinoma cells was scored as high expression. High cathepsin-D expression was seen in 15 of 52 invasive cancer but was absent in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. It was shown that cathepsin-D expression was independent of the rumor grade, tumor size, lymph node involvement, depth of invasion, parametrial invasion, and response to chemotherapy. In disease free survival analysis by log-rank test, cathepsin-D expression was not significantly associated with survival. These results show that cathepsin-D expression is not a clinically useful adjunct to assessment of prognosis in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.

척수손상인의 기능적 전기자극을 이용한 보행

이재호,김택훈 한국전문물리치료학회 1996 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.3 No.3

초등학교 안전교육 내용분석연구

김탁희,이명선 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2001 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.18 No.2

The objective of this study is to give basic materials for selection and improvement of contents of safety education, which is substantially helpful to elementary students, by analysis of contents of safety education in some subjects and assessment of the needs of elementary students for safety education. For this purpose, this study was analyzed the contents of safety education in five subjects for elementary school and conducted the survey of 883 students in some elementary schools in Seoul from April 7 to 22, 2000. The results were as follows; 1.As a result of analysis of the proportion of contents regarding safety-related education in some subjects, Physical Education occupied the highest proportion (14.09%), and that was followed by Practical Subject (9.55%) and Moral Education (9.34%). However, the proportions in Social Study and Natural Science were very low,1.85% and 1.31% each. In total lines of these five subjects, the numbers of line regarding safety education was contained by 5.78%. 2.Analyzing the proportion of domains of safety education in five textbooks, the Meaning of Safety and Basic Principles occupied the highest portion (29.5%), and that was followed by the Home Safety (24.0%), the Safety in School (17.1%), and the Play and leisure Safety (14.0%). The Coping with Accidents and First Aid, the Safety from Fire and Explosion, and the Traffic Safety occupied relatively low portion, 6.9%, 5.7%, and 2.8% each. 3.As a result of analysis of the proportion of the safety education domain in each subject, the Meaning of Safety and Basic Principles occupied the highest portion (23.6%) in Moral Education, the Home Safely (12.7%) in Practical Subject, and the Play and Leisure Safety (10.9%) in Physical Education. 4.Most of the participants in this survey experienced the Home Accidents (71.1%). And also, they experienced the Play and Leisure Accidents (57.9%), the Accidents in School (49.7%), the Traffic Accidents (45.3%), and the Fire and Explosion Accidents (24.7%) in order. 5.In the average proportion of the needs of participants for safety education in each domain, the Coping with Accidents and First Aid has the highest point (4.05). And, that was followed by the Home safety (3.79), the Safety from fire and Explosion (3.73), the Meaning of Safety and Basic Principles (3.65), the Play and Leisure Safety (3.50), the Safety in School (3.37), and the Traffic Safety (3.35). The average proportion of the needs for safety education of total domains was 3.66. 6.In the needs for safety education regarding the feature of participants, it showed higher scores in female students than male ones (p<0.001), in lower grader than higher grader (p<0.05), and in the students born to wealth than those born poor (p<0.05). Also, the children who recognize the necessity of safety education showed higher scores of the needs for safety education (p<0.001). And it also showed the same results of high score to the children whose parents did the safety education (p<0.001) and to the children and their parents who have the higher degree of practicing safety (p<0.001), and these differences were statistically significant. 7.In the extent of preference for methods of safety education, it showed high score to the Field learning, followed by the Audio-Visual Education, the Discussion, and the Instruction of teacher. In the extent of preference for subject regarding the contents of safety education by each domain, it showed high score to the subject of Safety for 4 domains - the Meaning of Safety and Basic Principles, the Traffic Safety, the Safety from Fire and Explosion, and the Coping with Accidents and First Aid. And also, they preferred Moral Education for 2 domains - the Home safety and the Safety in School, and Physical Education for a domain of the Play and Leisure Safety. 8.While 27 of 36 detail items was contained the content of safety education, the proportion of needs of participants for safety education showed more than average 3.00 score in 34 of 36 detail items. However, none of 9 detail items was included in five textbooks. Also, 2 detail items - the Coping with Disasters and the Safely from Poisoning - were included together 2 parts; One part had the higher ranked 7 items acquired by analysis of the needs, and the other had the higher ranked 7 items acquired by analysis of the contents. But, except those 2 items, none of items were matched with each part.

彈·塑性 大變形 問題의 有限要素 해석에 관한 硏究

홍성인,이동주,민택기 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1986 論文集 Vol.8 No.3

In order to examine the stress and strain fields in an elastic-plastic medium the elastic-plastic finite-element method was developed. In the finite-element method the large strain formulation was used instead of small strain formulations. The updated Lagrange analysis procedure is more suitable for plasticity problems. The formulation derived in this paper was implemented in the nonlinear finite element computer program. It is intended serve as a tool in the analysis of actual manufacturing processes.

n-CdS_(0.46)Se_(0.54)/p-Cu_92-x)S_(0.46)Se_(0.54) 이종접합 태양전지의 제작과 그 특성에 관한 연구

유상하,최승평,이상열,홍광준,서상석,김혜숙,전승룡,윤은희,문종대,신영진,정태수,신현길,김택성,유기수 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.16 No.-

승화방법에 의해 CdS_0.46Se_0.54 단결정을 성장하여 결정구조를 조사하고, Van der Pauw 방법으로 Hall effect를 측정하여 carrier density의 온도 의존성과 mobility의 온도 의존성을 조사하였다. 성장된 CdS_0.46Se_0.54 단결정을 치환반응하여 n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 이종접합 태양전지를 제작하였다. Spectral response, 전류-전압특성 및 전력변환 효율을 조사하여 그 결과로부터 개방전압은 0.48V, 단락 전류 밀도는 21mA/㎠, fill factor와 전력변환효율은 각각 0.75와 9.5%를 얻었다. CdS_0.46Se_0.54 single crystal was grown by a sublimation method. The crystal structure and the temperature dependence of carrier density and mobility of CdS_0.46Se_0.54 single crystal were studied. Heterojunction solar cells on n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 were fabricated by the substitution reaction. The spectral response, the J-U characteristics and the conversion efficiency of the n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 heterojunction solar cells were studied. The open-cricuit voltage, short-circuit density, fill factor and conversion efficiency of n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 heterojunction solar cells under 80mW/㎠ illumination were found to be 0.48V, 21mA/㎠, 0.75 and 9.5%, respectively.

간편 간접추론방법 퍼지 PI 제어기를 이용한 직류 서보모터의 속도제어에 관한 연구

박재완,채창현,이상재,고택범 금오공과대학교 산업기술개발연구원 2000 産業技術開發硏究 Vol.16 No.-

This paper describes the fuzzy PI controller using simplified indirect inference method for AC servo motor velocity control. First, the fuzzy PI controller is derived form the conventional continuous time linear PI controller. Then the fuzzification, control-rule base, and defuzzification using SIIM in the design of the fuzzy controller are discussed in detail. The resulting controller is a discrete time fuzzy version of the conventional PI controller, which has the same linear structure, but are nonlinear functions of the input signals. The proposed controller enhances the self-tuning control capability, particularly when the process to be controlled is nonlinear. The proposed controller is tested for ac servo-motor velocity control with or without load. Computer simulation results show that the proposed controller have demonstrated the superior to the conventional controller. The experiments on FMA CN04 AC Servo-motor and FDA 5004 Servo-pack using 586 PC and AX5411 A/D Board are executed. The effectiveness of the proposed system is validated through experimental works.

DNA-Base Guanine as Hydrogen Getter and Charge-Trapping Layer Embedded in Oxide Dielectrics for Inorganic and Organic Field-Effect Transistors

Lee, Junyeong,Park, Ji Hoon,Lee, Young Tack,Jeon, Pyo Jin,Lee, Hee Sung,Nam, Seung Hee,Yi, Yeonjin,Lee, Younjoo,Im, Seongil American Chemical Society 2014 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.6 No.7

<P>DNA-base small molecules of guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine construct the DNA double helix structure with hydrogen bonding, and they possess such a variety of intrinsic benefits as natural plentitude, biodegradability, biofunctionality, low cost, and low toxicity. On the basis of these advantages, here, we report on unprecedented useful applications of guanine layer as hydrogen getter and charge trapping layer when it is embedded into a dielectric oxide of n-channel inorganic InGaZnO and p-channel organic heptazole field effect transistors (FETs). The embedded guanine layer much improved the gate stability of inorganic FETs gettering many hydrogen atoms in the gate dielectric layer of FET, and it also played as charge trapping layer to which the voltage pulse-driven charges might be injected from channel, resulting in a threshold voltage (<I>V</I><SUB>th</SUB>) shift of FETs. Such shift state is very ambient-stable and almost irrevocable even under a high electric-field at room temperature. So, Boolean logics are nicely demonstrated by using our FETs with the guanine-embedded dielectric. The original <I>V</I><SUB>th</SUB> is recovered only under high energy blue photons by opposite voltage pulse (charge-ejection), which indicates that our device is also applicable to nonvolatile photo memory.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2014/aamick.2014.6.issue-7/am405998d/production/images/medium/am-2013-05998d_0009.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am405998d'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of phytosterols in Panax ginseng root grown under different conditions

Lee, Dong Gu,Lee, Jaemin,Kim, Kyung-Tack,Lee, Sang-Won,Kim, Young-Ock,Cho, Ik-Hyun,Kim, Hak-Jae,Park, Chun-Gun,Lee, Sanghyun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2018 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.1

Background: The Panax ginseng plant is used as an herbal medicine. Phytosterols of P. ginseng have inhibitory effects on inflammation-related factors in HepG2 cells. Methods: Phytosterols (e.g., stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol) in the roots of P. ginseng grown under various conditions were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The P. ginseng roots analyzed in this study were collected from three cultivation areas in Korea (i.e., Geumsan, Yeongju, and Jinan) and differed by cultivation year (i.e., 4 years, 5 years, and 6 years) and production process (i.e., straight ginseng, red ginseng, and white ginseng). Results: The concentrations of stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol in P. ginseng roots were 2.22-23.04 mg/g and 7.35-59.09 mg/g, respectively. The highest concentrations of stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol were in the roots of 6-year-old P. ginseng cultivated in Jinan (82.14 mg/g and 53.23 mg/g, respectively). Conclusion: Six-year-old white ginseng and white ginseng cultivated in Jinan containing stigmasterol and b-sitosterol are potentially a new source of income in agriculture.

Paraffinoma of the penis

Lee, Tack,Choi, Hak Ryong,Lee, Young Tae,Lee, Yong Hui Yonsei University, College of Medicine 1994 Yonsei medical journal Vol.35 No.3