Genetic Characterization of Haemagglutinin 1 Domain of Influenza B Viruses Isolated in Korea during $1988{\sim}1999$

Shin, Gu-Choul,Na, Byoung-Kuk,Lee, Joo-Yeon,Ahn, Jung-Bae,Park, Jong-Won,Lee, Jin-Soo,Kim, Jee-Hee,Kim, Woo-Joo,Kang, Chun The Korean Society for Microbiology 2003 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.33 No.4

Although Korean influenza virus isolates have been genetically associated with the vaccine strains of the corresponding year, influenza B viruses have prevailed almost every year in Korea during the past decades. We have 'analyzed the genetic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of the haemagglutinin (HA) 1 domains of influenza B viruses isolated during 1988-1999 using direct RT-PCR and sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of influenza B viruses isolated in Korea indicated that antigenically and genetically distinguishable strains of the lineage II and lineage III variants had been cocirculated. Variants prevailed in early 1990s are represented in 1996/97 and 1998/99 and some different variants have been co circulated geographically and prevailed concurrently in Korea. All HA1s of Korean isolates have amino acid substitutions mainly in the region between position 124 and 310, which was previously proposed an immunodominant region. Insertion-deletion patterns of the HA gene revealed that Korean influenza B viruses were evolved from Lee40 with different manner between lineage II and III viruses. Lineage III viruses were also divided into two groups as conserved group and inserted group, in relation to Lee40. But lineage II viruses had evolved with directional pattern. Antigenic index proposed that influenza B isolates prevailed since 1996/97 seasons might had emerged from the antigenic variants of a Seo1697-like virus and that new variants might appear from the lineage II viruses resulting in persistent prevalence in Korea.

이산 웨이브릿 워터마킹을 이용한 디지털 이미지 보호

김국세,이정기,박찬모,조애리,류천열 조선대학교 전자정보통신연구소 2003 電子情報通信硏究所論文誌 Vol.6 No.1

정보통신의 비약적인 발전에 힘입어 멀티미디어 데이터는 언제 어디서든 전송 받거나 공유할 수 있게 되었다. 아날로그 형태에서 디지털의 아날로그를 형태로 빠르게 대체되고 있으며, 디지털로 신호를 표현하는 방법은 기존 사용하여 표현하는 방법에 비해 많은 장점을 가지고 있다. 하지만 디지털로 된 데이터는 언제 어디서든 대단위 복제가 가능하다. 디지털 영상 정보의 보호를 위해 디지털 워터마크(Digital Watermark)가 있다. 디지털 워터마크는 공개키 알고리즘이나 방화벽 등으로 해독된 영상에 대하여 부가적인 보호를 제공한다. 디지털 영상에 대한 저작권 정보, 배포자 정보 그리고 사용자 정보를 영상에 삽입함으로써 훗날 법적인 문제가 발생하였을 때 해결책을 제시할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 디지털 영상 데이터의 정보 보호를 위해 주파수 영역에서의 웨이브릿 변환(Wavelet Transform)을 이용한 이미지 적용 디지털 워터마킹(Image-Adaptive Digital Watermarking) 방법을 제안한다. 이미지 적응 웨이브릿(Image-Adaptive Wavelet)은 영상을 주파수적으로 분해하면서 각 대역들의 공간 영역에서의 정보를 함께 지닌고 JND긯(Just noticeable difference)을 포함한다. 이미지 적응 웨이브릿의 이러한 특성을 이용하여 다해상도 분해하고, 손실 압축(Loss Compression)이나 필터링(Fitering), 잡음(Noise)등에 크게 영향받는 저주파 성분과 인간의 시각적으로 큰 의미를 갖는 고주파 성분의 특성을 이용하여 워터마크를 삽입한다.

1996년과 1999년 경기지역 초등학교 학생들에서 유행성이하선염에 대한 면역도 조사

나병국,이주영,고운영,이진수,신구철,이주연,최보율,기모란,양병국,강춘,김우주,김지희 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.3

Background : Although massive use of live attenuated mumps virus vaccines successfully reduced the incidence of mumps virus infection worldwide, mumps outbreaks have not been completely eliminated, even in vaccinated populations. In recent years, the incidence of mumps has been remarkably increased in Korea. This study was designed to evaluate the recent seroprevalence rate of mumps IgG among children in Kyonggi province at 1996 and 1999. Methods : Study population included students from 8 elementary schools in Kyonggi province. Serum samples were collected twice at 1996 and 1999 and tested for mumps-specific antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We also conducted a questionnaire survey on the parents and collected the records including history of vaccination and mumps infection. Results : The seropositive rates against mumps were 89.47% and 89.74% at 1996 and 1999, respectively, and they were not significantly different when compared to age, sex, and region. Although the first vaccination rates were 92.17% and 92.25% at 1996 and 1999, respectively, the second vaccination rates were only 37.89% and 38.03% at 1996 and 1999, respectively. Infection rate showed no significant difference between vaccinated groups and nonvaccinated gropus. Seropositive rate of infected group was higher than that of noninfected group but it was not significantly different between the vaccinated and the nonvaccinated. Conclusions : This study showed the seropositive rate and vaccination against mumps in children. There were no significant relationships between vaccination and infection. Therefore, it seems likely that the vaccination is not fully protective against mumps infection. This study will be helpful for the establishment of guideline for prevention and treatment of mumps in Korea. (Korean J Infect Dis 33: 157∼164, 2001)

복합화력발전을 위한 통합감시제어 시스템 개발

이봉국(Bong-Kuk Lee),신용학(Yong-Hak Shin),전태영(Tae-Young Chun),이승주(Seung-Joo Lee),이광순(Lee Kwang-Soon),원왕연(Wang-Yun Won) 대한전기학회 2008 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.7(초록집)

중만생 기능성 당질미 ‘단미’

송유천(You-Chun Song),이종희(Jong-Hee Lee),이지윤(Ji-Yoon Lee),김춘송(Choon-Song Kim),김세리(Se-Ri Kim),정국현(Kuk-Hyun Jung),박노봉(No-Bong Park),곽도연(Do-Yeon Kwak),하운구(Woon-Goo Ha),이점식(Jeom-Sig Lee),강항원(Hang-Won Kang),조준 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회지 Vol.47 No.4

‘Danmi’, a sugary rice (Oryza sativa L.), was developed by the Department of Functional Crops, NICS, RDA in 2008. This variety was derived from a cross between ‘Sugary’ a genetic stock of germplasm as a source of sugary endosperm and ‘Seomjinbyeo’ in summer of 1994. The pedigree of ‘Danmi’ is YR16541-14-3-1-2-1-1-3-1-1 which was designated as ‘Milyang 227’ in 2005. Heading date of ‘Danmi’ is August 19, a medium-late maturing ecotype. The total sugar content of ‘Danmi’ was 21.7% with fructose (1.16%), glucose (7.87%), sucrose (9.69%), maltose (0.52%), and raffinose (2.13%), respectively. The appearance of grain is flat shape with 1,000 grain of brown rice is 16.1g. The yield potential of ‘Danmi’ in brown rice is 2.58MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level of local adaptability test from 2006 to 2008. The sugary rice ‘Danmi’ would be adaptable to the plain paddy field of middle, honam and yeongnam province of Korea.

임베디드시스템을 이용한 주소형 P형자동화재탐지설비개발

김시국(Kim, Si-Kuk),지승욱(Jee, Seung-Wook),양승현(Yang, Seung-Hyun),이재진(Lee, Jae-Jin),김필영(Kim, Pil-Young),이건호(Lee, Gun-Ho),이춘하(Lee, Chun-Ha) 한국화재소방학회 2011 한국화재소방학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.추계

본 논문에서는 화재 및 비화재보시 동작감지기의 정확한 위치전송이 가능하고, 화재 시 동일 회로상(Loop)의 모든 감지기가 본연의 기능을 수행할 수 있는 주소형 감지기 및 화재 시 정확한 위치확인 및 연동된 설비들의 출력상황이 확인 가능한 임베디드 내장형 주소형 수신기를 개발하였다.

인플루엔자ㆍ조류인플루엔자의 역학 및 관리

천병철(Byung-chul Chun),김재홍(Jae-hong Kim),이윤정(Yoon-jung Lee),강춘(Kang Chun),김현미(Hyun-mee Kim),권용국(Young-kuk Kwon),최준구(Jun-gu Choi),이은경(Eun-kyoung Lee),박최규(Choi-kyu Park),위성환(Sung-hwan Wee),최순자(Soon-ja Cho 한국역학회 2005 Epidemiology and Health Vol.27 No.1

Natural infections with influenza A viruses have been reported in a variety of animal species including humans, pigs, horses, sea mammals, and birds. Although viruses of relatively few haemagglutinin(HA) and neuraminidase(NA) subtype combinations have been isolated from mammalian species, all subtypes, in most combinations, have been isolated from birds. During the past few years, several subtypes of avian influenza A have been shown to cross the species barrier and infect humans. During an outbreak of a highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N1) virus among poultry in Hong Kong in 1997, 6 of 18 people with confirmed infection died. And a total of 89 human infections with influenza A(H7N7), including 1 resulting in the death of a Dutch veterinarian, occurred during the extensive outbreak in 2003. During late 2003 and early 2004, there were reports of large outbreaks of H5Nl among poultry throughout Asia (including Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and China). In Korea, we had also highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI) outbreak in 2003-2004 with a first suspected case reported on 10 December 2003. The case was reported at a parent stock farm for broilers, which was locatcd in Chungbuk province, and the farm was immediately placed under movement restrictions. Laboratory tests confirmed the outbreak of HPAI on 12 December 2003. Up to 20 March 2004, a total of 19 farms were confirmed as having been infected with HPAI virus. No further outbreaks occurred after that date. Fortunately there were no human cases founded in this epidemic in Korea. In January 2004, there was confirmation that influcnza A(H5N1) virus had bcen isolated from patients who had died of a respiratory illness in Vietnam. Total 107 human confirmed cases were reported until June 2005 to WHO, threatening new pandemic outbreak. We reviewed our prevention and control strategies of avian influenza and preparedness to the pandemic outbreak.

Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris ATCC 11602의 Bacteriophage 내성균주 A1의 특성에 관한 연구

이춘화,강국희,배인휴 한국산업미생물학회 1993 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 acridine orange(AO) 처리에 의해 선발한 Lc. Lactis subsp. cremoris ATCC 11602의 phage 내성균주인 A1의 phage 내성발현 기작에 관하여 검토한 것이다. A1을 40℃에서 배양했을 때 모균주와는 달리 정상적인 생장을 나타내면서 phage 내성은 그대로 유지했으며, 이 ??의 세포형태는 모균주의 경우 연쇄상을 A1은 단쇄상의 형태를 나타냈다. 40℃에서 모균주에서의 phage 증식은 정지되었는데 A1의 경우는 미약한 phage 증식을 나타냈다. 모균주와 A1간에 있어서의 단백질 분해력은 배양온도와는 상관없이 큰 차이를 나타냈다. 40℃의 배양온도에서 A1이 나타낸 phage 내성과 세포표면과의 관련성을 검토하기 위하여 SDS를 처리한 결과 모균주는 거의 대부분 사멸되었으나 A1은 27%가 생존하였다. 1% SDS로 처리한 A1의 phage 흡착율은 모균주와 비슷한 수준(95∼98%)을 나타냈는데 이는 A1 세포벽의 흡착부를 가리고 있던 어떤 물질이 SDS에 의한 분해에 의해 흡착부가 노출됨에 따른 결과로 고려되었다. 이로써 A1의 phage 내성과 온도에 대한 내성은 AO 처리시 세포벽 구조의 변형에 의해 이루어진 현상인 것으로 인정되었다. 40℃에서의 A1에 대한 plasmid 변화를 조사한 결과 plasmid 소실이나 변화가 일어나지 않아 plasmid가 A1의 온도 내성과는 관련이 없는 것으로 나타났다. The phage resistance mechanism of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris ATCC 11602-A1 was investigated. When parent and A1 were incubated at 30 and 40℃, A1 grew well and multiplication of phage(MOI=1) on A1 slightly occurred at 40℃ in contrast with parent. There was a great difference of proteolytic activity between parent and A1, irrespective of the temperature. As a result of SDS treatment on culture broth, survival rate of A1 was 27% at the lethal concentration of parent and adsorption rate of phage was increased to 95∼97%, which was considered to come from the exposure of phage receptor site masked by an unknown component. These results suggest that acridine orange (AO) treatment leads to the modification of cell wall, conferring resistance to high temperature and lytic phage. NO change in plasmid profiles of A1 at 30 and 40℃ were found, which suggests that plasmid is not relative to temperature-resistance of A1.

대원제약 원클러® 캅셀(Cefaclor 250㎎)제의 생물학적 동등성 평가

천성국,남기원,류재환,김남재,송보완,서성훈,이경태 한국병원약사회 2002 病院藥師會誌 Vol.19 No.2

The bioequivalence of two cefaclor product was evaluated according to the guideline of KFDA. Test product was Dae Won Wonclor® capsules (Dae Won Korea Ltd.) and reference product was Ceclor® capsules(Lily Korea). 16 healthy male volunteers(20~27 years old) were divided into two groups and a randomized 2×2 cross-over study was employed. After 500㎎ of cefaclor was orally administered, blood was taken at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12 hours after administration and just before administration. Plasma was analyzed for cefaclor and internal standard(cefadroxil) by a sensitive and validated HPLC assay. The pharmacokinetic parameters(AUC_(t), C_(max) and T_(max)) were calculated and ANOVA test was used for the statistical analysis of parameters. Difference in AUC_(t), C_(max) and T_(max) between two products were 11.88, -6.652 and 15.097% respectively. the powers(1-β) and detectable differences(Δ) and confidence interval for AUC_(t), and C_(max) were more than 0.9 and less than 20%, respectively. Although the power of T_(max) was under 0.8 T_(max)s of the two products were not significantly different each other. These results suggest that the bioavailability of Dae Won Wonclor® capsules is not significantly different from that of Ceclor® capules. Therefore, two products are bioequivalent based on the current result.

Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris ATCC 11062-A1의 세포벽 구성분과 Phage 내성과의 관련성에 관한 연구

이춘화,배인휴,강국희 한국산업미생물학회 1994 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.22 No.3

전통적인 유산균 스타터의 하나인 Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris ATCC l1602의 phage 내성균주인 A1의 phage 내성과 세포벽과의 관련성을 조사하였다. 먼저 세포벽 성분중 phage 흡착부로 작용하는 teichoic 산이 존재하는 지의 여부를 밝히기 위해 5% TCA(60℃)와 concanavalin A를 처리한 후 phage 흡착성을 조사한 결과 모균주의 phage 흡착율에는 변화가 없었다. 세포벽의 인(P) 총함량은 TCA 처리 후 A1과 모균주에 있어서 변화가 없었으나 균주간에는 차이가 나타났다. 또한 GC 분석 결과에서도 이들 균주의 세포벽에서는 teichoic 산의 구성분인 ribitol과 glycerol이 나타나지 않았다. 이로써 A1과 모균주의 세포벽에는 teichoic 산이 존재하지 않았으나 A1과 모균주의 세포벽 성분에는 차이가 있었다. A1의 phage 내성과 단백질과의 관련을 조사하기 위해 세포벽의 단백질 정량과 SDS-polyacrylamide gel 전기영동을 실시한 결과 모균주의 phage 흡착에는 단백질이 관여하지 않으나 A1의 phage 내성에는 단백질이 관여하고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. A1의 세포벽의 당구성은 rhamnose, glucose와 galactose로 되었고 이에 대한 SDS 처리 후 A1의 총 당함량이 모균주의 수준으로 감소하였다. 위 결과로 A1의 phage 내성은 세포벽의 당함량이 모균주보다 높은 데서 기인하며 이 구성당과 단백질이 상호 작용하므로써 나타나는 것으로 판단되었다. Relation the phage defense mechanism of phage resistant Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris ATCC l1602-A1 to its cell wall components was investigated. To determine whether teichoic acid which is known to be one of the phage receptor site present on the cell wall, phage adsorption was examined after treatment 5% TCA(60℃) and concanavalin A to the cell wall of A1 and parent strain. However, the adsorption rate of two strains did not change. Total amount of phosphate after TCA treatment did not change in both strains, but a difference between the two strains was observed. Ribitol and glycerol, components of teichoic acid, could not be detected in the cell walls of two strains by GC analysis. These results suggest that although teichoic acid was not present in the cell walls of both strains, the composition of cell wall of two strains was not identical. Measurement of amount of protein and SDS-polyacryamide gel electrophoresis were carried out to examine the involvement of cell wall protein in phage resistance, showing that protein is nothing to do with phage adsorption of parent strain, but phage resistance of A1 is related to protein. Cell wall carbohydrates of A1 contained rhamnose, glucose, and galactose. Total amount of carbohydrate of 1% SDS-treated A1 cell wall was reduced to the level of parent strain. The results suggest that phage resistance of A1 was due to the presence of a higher level of carbohydrates than parent strain, and to interaction of carbohydrate and protein.