<박효랑전>의 인물 형상과 서사적 지향

신효경 ( Shin Hyo-kyung ) 충남대학교 인문과학연구소 2022 인문학연구 Vol.61 No.1

<박효랑전>은 조선후기 성행하던 묘지 송사의 실화를 바탕으로 한 작품이다. 이 글에서는 송사 내용과 인물의 관계를 살피고 실사를 소설화하면서 지향했던 바가 무엇인지 살펴보았다. 그리고 <박효랑전>이 갖는 송사소설적 가치에 관해 살펴보았다. 논의한 내용을 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 송사의 내용과 인물의 관계를 살펴보았다. <박효랑전>의 송사의 내용은 크게 ‘송사 원고인물의 소개, 송사 원고인물의 사망, 원고 유가족의 대응과 위기, 원고 유가족의 상경과 격쟁’으로 정리할 수 있다. 이 작품은 조선후기 일상에서 일어났던 송사 사건을 소재로 하였기에 권력을 가진자, 피해를 보는 자, 사건을 바라보는 대중으로 구분하여 인물 양상을 강자형 피고인물, 약자형 원고인물, 조력자형 참고인물로 나누었다. 둘째, 인물 형상화를 통해 본 지향의식을 고찰하였다. <박효랑전>은 원고와 피고인물의 대비를 통해 권력형 비리를 폭로하여 당시 사회문제를 비판하고자 하였다. 그리고 하층형 참고인물이 계 낭자의 성심에 동정하면서 권력형 비리에 대응하는 민중의식을 담아냈다. 마지막으로 상층형 참고인물을 통해 어지러워진 사회 질서를 바로잡고 강상의 윤리를 제고하였다. 셋째, <박효랑전>의 송사소설적 가치를 조망하였다. <박효랑전>은 당시 빈번하게 발생했던 산송 사건을 두고 사회적 분위기와 인물의 정서를 개연성있게 구성하여 리얼리티를 강화했다. 또한 대를 이어 송사를 펼치는 과정을 통해 읽는 사람에게 흥미를 더했으며, 다양한 계층의 민중을 가담시켜 당시 정치 권력의 편파적 송사처결과 부도덕성을 비판하는 민중의식을 반영했다. < Park Hyo-rang Jeon > is a literary work based on litigations upon burial grounds, which were widespread during late Joseon dynasty, and it has been examined in this article that the trends in structure of narrative, appearance of the characters and narrative functions which the concept of filial piety serves. Summarizing the points discussed above is shown in the following. Firstly, the structure of the story and appearance of the characters were examined. the structure of < Park Hyo-rang Jeon > can be broadly broken down into ’Death of father-death of Miss Baek-Miss Gye traveling to the capital-Miss Gye’s appeal-the return of miss Gye’, and type of characters can be classified as ‘corrupt characters, opposing characters, or assisting characters.’ Secondly, the narrative functions of ‘filial piety’ has been reviewed. < Park Hyo-rang Jeon > has the narrative function which criticizes predatory practices of the ruling class, which had been pervasive during the period, through the confrontation of filial piety and corrupt powers. the work tried to illustrate that the fundamental fabric of the country is the people, by attempting to purge the greed with filial piety, and demonstrating the people‘s sentiments from different social classes. Finally, this work aimed to consolidate the confucius social order through resolute students of confucianism. In < Park Hyo-rang Jeon >, confucius scholars provide advices reflecting the people‘s aspirations to restore perplexing social order. Thirdly. the significance of < Park Hyo-rang Jeon > in the literary history has been analyzed. < Park Hyo-rang Jeon > challenged the ruling classes that employ marauding tactics on the common people and depicted their voices standing against them through focusing on a litigation case that had been frequent during the time. Moreover, < Park Hyo-rang Jeon > expanded the interpretation of the concept of filial piety, one of pillars of the confucianism ideology that governed Joseon, to the manifestation of humanitarianism, and extended the horizon of familial and social relationships, marking the work as tremendously significant in the literature history.

Papaverine이 단일 심근세포의 막전류에 미치는 영향

유경현,심태섭,방효원 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1991 中央醫大誌 Vol.16 No.4

Ventricular myocytes of guinea-pig were isolated by means of collagenase digestion in order to investigate the effects of papaverine on the membrane currents in them. After formation of a gigaseal with patch microelectrodes, membrane currents were recorded from single ventricular myocytes in a whole cell mode of patch-clamp technique. For membrane currents recording, electrodes were filled with Cs-solution. Results were as follows: 1. Slow inward calcium was reduced by papaverine dose-dependently. 2. No significant changes were observed in the steady-state inactivation. 3. Recovery time of the calcium currents prolonged in high concencial papaverine. 4. Fast inward sodium currents showed no noticeable changes with papaverine treatment. From these results, it is strongly suggested that the effects of papaverine on the membrane currents in the single ventricular myocytes may be attributable to its antagonistic action on the calcium channel rather than its inhibitory effect on the phosphodiesterase activity.

Histone 분획 H1의 Subfraction 에 관한 연구

이경효,이희성,이근배 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1975 中央醫大誌 Vol.1 No.1

The very lysine-rich histones(H1) from normal leucoctyes, myelocytic leukemia leucocytes, human and bovine colostrum, and bakers' yeast were prepared according to the method of Johns, and Phillips and Johns. The purity of H1 fractions from various sources was checked by 15% polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition of each H1 fraction were determined by ion exchange chromatography procedure described by Spackman et al. These very lysine-rich histones were, further, subfractionated by chromatography on Amberlite IRC-50 with a shallow guanidinium chloride gradient. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1) The yield of H1 fractions from various sources greatly differed each other. For example, in myelocytic leukemia leucocytes the levels of H1 was many times that of H1 in normal colostrum, suggesting that the levels of H1 is dependent on the function of tissue proper. 2) The electrophoretic mobility of individual very lysine-rich histone fractions gave similar patterns to those of corresponding fraction from various sources. 3) The chromatographic profiles of very lysine-rich histones from leucocytes, colostrum and bakers' yeast revealed that there were significant differences in molecular species and relative amounts between various biological species. 4) Amino acid composition of histone H1 examined in the present studies, could be classified into two categories. One of these groups resemble the very lysine-rich histone found in eukaryotic cells, i.e., normal leucocytes, human and bovine colostrum. The other group, which may be confined to the myelocytic leukemia leucocytes and bakers' yeast, exhibited quite lower Lys/Arg ratio which due to lesser contents of arginine residues in the subfraction molecule.

在韓華橋의 實態

具孝慶,金信子 梨花女子大學校 師範大學 社會生活科 1963 綠友硏究論集 Vol.- No.5

대전 도덕봉과 백운봉의 산림군락 분류

김효정,이미정,지윤의,안승만,이규석,송호경 한국환경생물학회 2002 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.20 No.3

본 연구는 계룡산국립공원의 지류인 도덕봉과 백운봉의 산림식생을 대상으로 식물사회학적 방법에 의해 산림군락을 분류하고 이 지역의 식생 현황 파악과 국립공원관리에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. 식물사회학적 방법으로 89개 조사구를 분석한 결과, 신갈나무군락, 졸 참나무군락, 굴 참나무군락, 소나무군락, 서어나무군락, 리기다소나무-곰솔군락으로 구분되었다. 신갈나무군락은 해발고가 가장 높고 경사가 급한 지역에 분포하였으며,졸참나무군락은 해발고가 비교적 낮고 경사가 급한 지역에 분포하였다. 그리고 굴참나무군락은 신갈나무군락에 비해 해발고가 낮은 남사면의 건조한 지역에 분포하고 있었다. 소나무군락은 해발고가 비교적 높고 폭이 좁은 건조한 능선 부위에 분포하고 있으며, 서어나무군락은 주로 남사면 계곡부의 중부에 분포하고 있었 다. 그리고 리기다-곰솔군락은 조림군락이다. This study was carried out to classify forest vegetation community of Dodeokbong and Baekwunbong in Gyeryongsan. Employing the releve method of Dierssen, 89 plots were sampled. Forest community was classified into Quercus mongolica community, Quercus serrata community, Quercus variabilis community, Pinus densiflora community, Carpinus laxiflora community, and Pinus rigida-Pinus thunbergii community. Quercus mongolica community was found in high altitude and steep area, Quercus serrata community in relatively low altitude and steep slope area, and Quercus variabilis in southern arid and low area compared with Quercus mongolica community. Pinus densiflora community is present in relatively high altitude and narrow arid ridge area. And, Carpinus laxiflora community is mainly distributed in southern valley area. Pinus rigida-Pinus thunbergii community is planted community.

소아에서 호발하는 중추신경계 감염질환의 감별 진단과 치료

김경호 한국의학사 1994 診斷과治療 Vol.14 No.11

청소년기 여성의 가족폭력 피해에 관한 연구

김경희,권혜진,최미혜,정연강 韓國學校保建學會 1996 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.9 No.2

This study is designed to contribute to the intervention of adolescent domestic violence by understanding the experience of the victims, better. The data were coiiected through a series of interviews with 3 subjects singled out at each stage of research. With the permission of the subjects, the interviews were recorded and transcribed. The interviews lasted from two and a half to 8 hours. The data were analyzed in the framework of grounded theory as mapped out by Strauss & Corbin (1990). The major findings of this research are as follows : The core category was found to be the adaptation of "Jitnulim" or "Being suppressed" . The sub-categories identified in the process of grounded data analysis were 'roughness', 'wildness', 'driving', 'challenging', 'being strapped', 'being pressed', 'erupting', 'being horrified', 'being hardened', 'being connected', 'being seen', 'being helpful', being led', 'sprouting', 'being off , 'being cast out', 'shaking off,' getting out', 'covering-up', 'waiting', 'ruling', 'common placeness', 'overcoming', 'getting united', 'fa11ing behind', 'falling in', 'being mixed up', 'ruthlessness', 'estrangement', 'difficulty', 'being overwhelmed', 'feeling regreful', 'being pressed','hesitating', and 'shying off'. These categories were again grouped into 11 categories including 'threatening', 'straightjacketing', 'alliance', 'phenomenon','pattern of support','system of support','challenging','calming-down','being relieved','being hardened and entangled','being entangled'. The following four theses were confirmed on the basis of the reifetitive relation: 1) If the episodes of violence are frequent and serious, with the resulting straightjacketing being stronger the victim's family relations are coherent and the subject's support pattern is highly mature. Concrete the responses to the straighjacketing regulted in a'calming-down' which gradually relieved. 2) If the episodes of violence were frequent and serious, with the resulting straightjacketing being strong the victim's family relations and incoherent and the suhjects supporter is immature but strong the support type is superficial and the responses to the straightjacketing result in a bouncing-off which gets entangled with the passage of time. 3) If the episodes of the violence are frequent and serious, the straighljacketing is strong, but the family relations are and the subject's support system is mature and strong the responses to the straightjacketing result in a calming-down which gets partly relieved but partly entangled. 4) If the episodes of the violence are frequent and serious with the resulting straightiacketing being strong, the victim's family relations are incoherent, the subject's support system is immature, and the support type is immature the responses to the straightjacketing result in a 'bouncing-off' which gets entangled and partly hardened with time.

근린단위 친환경 인증제도 분석을 통한 제도 개선방안 연구

박효숙,이경환 공주대학교 환경문제연구소 2017 환경연구 Vol.17 No.-

This study suggests ways to improve the domestic institutional system based on analysis of environmentally friendly certification system in neighborhood unit. The main results of the study are summarized as follows. First, major developed countries have expanded the environmentally friendly certification system based on building certification system. On the other hand, Korea has an eco-friendly building certification system, but there is no eco-friendly certification evaluation system that can be applied in neighborhood units. Second, it is necessary to effectively manage incentives as a way to reduce the environmental impacts and carbon emissions during the development process and to activate the environmentally friendly certification system in the neighborhood. Third, in Korea, greenhouse gas emissions are calculated using environmental impact assessment and unit cost in the case of traffic impact assessment, but application is limited because concrete incentive items are not available. Therefore, it is necessary to actively induce the development of eco-friendly neighborhood by establishing environmentally friendly certification system in connection with the current eco-friendly building certification system and providing various incentives according to the evaluation result.

Monte Carlo 방법을 이용한 대기오염 배출률 예측의 불확실성 평가

정효준,김은한,서경석,황원태,한문희 한국환경과학회 2006 한국환경과학회지 Vol.15 No.4

한국 화교 및 화교 이동에 관한 연구

李效再,朴銀瓊 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1981 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.37 No.-

The population of Korean Chinese in 1979 was 30,117, among which 94% were from the Shantung peninsula. Compared to the Southeast Asian Chinese, the society of Korean Chinese are a homogeneous ethnic group which uses the same language, came from the same area, and follows the ideology of anti-communism as directed by the Taiwan government. 78% of Korean Chinese are engaged in restaurant businesses, and the others are engaged in general merchandise retailing, Chinese herbal medicine, Chinese herb shops, tearooms, public bath businesses, and tailor shops. In general, job and business opportunities open to Chinese are very limited in Korea. The major organization of Chinese society is " the Chinese Central Association" to which fifth-one local associations belong. Chinese associations play a middleman role between Chinese people and the Chinese embassy in Seoul by reporting people's opinions to the embassy and sending messages from the embassy to the people. Other voluntary organizations are restaurant business associations, local and surname associations, religious and educational associations, and so on which add up to twenty. Most of the voluntary organizations are usually linked to one another through interlocking relations. Thus, leaders in a Chinese community play multiple roles in different associations. Most Chinese children attend Chinese schools which consist of one year of kindergarten, six tears of primary school, and six years of high school. As of 1980, there are nationwide one kindergartens, thirty-nine primary schools, and five high schools. The years of 1882 saw the beginning of Chinese immigration to Korea which was the result of a treaty on trade between Korea and China. Although there were only 209 Chinese in 1883, The Chinese population in Korea reached the level of 82,600 people in 1942. After 1945, however, the division of the country forced two-thirds of the Chinese to live in the northern part of the peninsula. The drop of Chinese immigration after the communalization of mainland China in 1949 also contributed to the decrease of the Chinese population in South Korea along with the government's ban on any immigration into the country. Since then the Chinese population increased only by natural growth, and it reached 32,980 in 1972. In the 1970's, the Chinese population slowly decreased to reach the level of only 29,600 in 1980. The decrease of the Chinese population in the 1970's has been the result of migration of Chinese people to foreign lands. In order to find the trend of their actual mobility, the statistics of Chinese entry-exit have been reviewed. In 1967 the number of entries was 2,600 and the number of was 2,800. Since 1970 it shows a sharp increase and, in 1977, the number of Chinese entering the country was 18,300 and the number leaving the country was 20,00. In other words, the Korean Chinese changed their way of life by traveling back and forth frequently, and some of them even live in Taiwan, visiting Korea once a year only to renew residenceship. These people can be categorized as 'mobile population'. The number of reentry for residence in 1979 was 6,638 which is 22% if the Korean Chinese. If we assume that the average Chinese goes overseas and comes back twice a year, it can be estimated that 11% of Koran Chinese belong to the category of 'mobile population'. In addition, the number of visas issued by the Chinese consulate in Seoul, the number of entries and exits of overseas Chinese to Taiwan, and the number of graduates from Taiwan colleges and junior colleges were also analyzed to prove the high mobility of Korean Chinese in the 1970's. Most of the Korean Chinese who moved out of Korean go to Taiwan and to the United States of America. In this paper, only migration to Taiwan has been analyzed. Interviews were conducted during the period of January and February of 1980 with fifty one Koran Chinese who reside in Taiwan. Life in Taiwan for these emigrants was proven not to be that of a comfortable and leisurely nature. Instead, Korean Chinese have found themselves in a category of a 'minority in their fatherland, i.e. the Korean Chinese formed their own small society by getting together by themselves, having certain common stores they shop, and having little chance to make new Taiwanese friends. The reasons are that either they are too busy keeping stores or small restaurants, or they spend most of their time seeing each other. Moreover, those who do not have any jobs usually engage in a kind of 'shuttle trade', which is conducted by traveling between Korea and Taiwan. Traveling between the two countries, Chinese carry items like herbal drugs, jewels made of ivory, coral, and jade, tapestries, toys and so on from Taiwan to Korea, and blankets, bed spreads, clothes, dresses, ginseng products, and others from Korea to Taiwan. This shuttle trade has become possible by the well systematized process including institutions like drug stores, jewelry stores, and gift shops in Taiwan, and many middleman who purchase the carried items. The store managers in Taiwan take all the carried items from Korea, as well as supplying items to be carried to Korea. Most Chinese migrate to Taiwan as individuals rather than as a whole family. Many Chinese families in Korea end up having their members spread out in different countries, becoming a 'multinational family'. Among the fifty one cases studied, thirty (58%) went to Taiwan for study. Among thirty cases, only seven were attending colleges at the time of study, the rest having been settled in Taiwan after gradation or dropping out of school. The tread is likely to continue that Korean Chinese students entering Taiwan colleges will end up setting in Taiwan more or less permanently. Chinese students in Korea are encouraged by teachers and parents to apply to colleges in Taiwan rather than applying to Korean colleges. One of the major reasons is the way they were educated in primary textbooks under a Chinese curriculum, and are taught by Taiwan colleges educated teachers. The Korean governments liberal educational police for foreigners helped to create the above situation. Therefore Chinese students are well exposed to Chinese culture and society before they go to Taiwan. The strong ethnic identity achieved by pure Chinese education surely induced many Chinese students to apply to Taiwan colleges and to settle in Taiwan. Moreover, other policies of the Korean government in the areas such as naturalization and financial aid, are very restrictive toward Chinese. Curiously enough, a seemingly contradictory policy of permissive education and restrictive naturalization and commerce has maintained a strong ethnic among Chinese people. As a result Chinese began to search for an alternative to give their ethnic identity not a weakness but a pride. Since being a Chinese is a weakness in Korea, Chinese people moved out, leaving their Korean hometowns. Korean Chinese society has a basic group identity as H. Isaacs remarked in "Basic Group Identity: The Idols of the Tribe" ( in Ethnicity : Theory and Experience, edited with an introduction by N, Glazer and Daniel P, Moynihan, 1975). "The Chinese group in Korea is not used as a political or economic unit un order to get ethnic interest as Glazer, Mpynihan and Patterson indicated in the same book. Rather Chinese identity became an ideology in that society. As Aronson insisted, Chinese identity in Korea operates as a leading ideology among Chinese people in Korea. Being one of the first exploratory researches on Korean Chinese, this study has taken a general approach. Future research should deal with more specific subjects such as interethnic relationships between Koreans and Chinese, intermarriages between them, assimilation patterns, the different value systems between the first, second, and third generation Chinese and other anthropological issues. And since many Chinese moved to the United States, a follow-up study of Korean Chinese in the U.S. will be an interesting cross-cultural study.