진주지역 배의 판매실태 및 유통조성기능 조사 분석

전경수,조덕래 한국농업정책학회, 한국축산경영학회 2000 농업경영정책연구 Vol.27 No.3

The objective of this article is to analyze farmer's selling behavior and marketing functions for pear in Chinju region. Major findings in this study are as followers; Farmer's selling behavior for pear in Chinju region is characteristic. At the average level, the major selling place is wholesale market and the main shipping way is individual transportation. But selling behavior is far differ with detail regions in Chinju. In Sachon and Sangbong, farmers sell most of their pear to the cooperative marketing center. On the other hand, Munsan farmers prefer whole-sale market in large city by individual shipping for the most part. With regard to marketing functions, marketing facilities dealing with pear technically are not enough. Especially collection center, low temperature store-house and selection center are very deficient. Moreover, standardization level of commodity and farmer's recognition for the economic effect of normalization are very low. Key words : 판매실태(selling behavior), 유통기능(marketing functions), 농협공판장(cooperative marketing center), 저장고(store-house), 집하장(collection center), 표준화(standardization)

방사특성 변화에 따른 미세물분무의 소화특성

이경덕,신창섭 한국화재소방학회 2001 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.15 No.4

할론소화약제는 유류화재 및 전기화재의 진압에 가장 효과적으로 널리 사용되어 왔으나,이들은 오존층파괴지수와 지구온난화지수가 높아 환경문제를 야기하고 있다. 이러한 환경에 악영향을 주지 않는 대체기술의 하나로 관상을 끌며 연구되기 시작한 소화방법이 미세물분무를 이용한 소화설비이며, 미세물분무는 스프링클러의 살수입자에 비해 물입자가 작고 표면적이 크기 때문에 화염 면에서의 증발 및 냉각특성이 우수하며, 산소의 농도를 감소시키는 질식작용이 우수하다. 본 연구는 미세물분무 소화설비의 설계를 위한 기초단계로 유류화재에 대한 미세물분무의 입자크기, 유량밀도, 방사분포, 방사압력 및 화재의 크기에 따른 화염의 소화특성을 측정하였다 그 결과 액체 pool화재의 소화시간은 유량밀도가증가함으로서 짧아지고, 유량밀도가 0.5 ± 0.05㎖/㎠ · min이하인 경우 입자크기가 증가함으로서 짧아졌다. 또 방사주기를 변화시켜 실험한 결과 n-heptane화재에 대하여 간헐적으로 방사한 미세물분무가 소화에 효과적이었으며,이때 연속방사와 비교하여 화재를 소화하기 위해 필요한 물의 총량은 1/4로 감소하였다. Halogen-based fire suppressing agents have been the most effective fire suppressants and widely used for flammable liquid and electric fore. However, they have environmental problems causing stratospheric ozone depletion and globe warming. As a substitution of halon, fire suppression system using fine water mist is one of an effective fore suppressant. Suffocating and cooling effects of water mist are increased by the evaporation characteristics because it has droplet size less than 1,000㎛ and very large surface area. In this study, the extinguishing characteristics of fire was measured with changing of water mist droplet size, flow density; discharge pressure, and fire size. As a result, the extinguishing time of pool fire was shortened with the increase of flow density, and in case of low flow density less than 0.5 ± 0.05㎖/㎠ · min, the extinguishing time was shortened with the increase of droplet size. The cycling discharge was effective for n-heptane pool fire, and total amount of water mist required to extinguish fire was reduced to a quarter compare with continuous discharge. Keywords : Water mist, Droplet size, Fire suppression, Fire size, Cycling discharge

정전 열 접합을 이용한 Multi-Substrate Bonding

이덕중,주병권,최우범,한정인,조경익,이광배,장진,오명환 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

We performed silicon-to-glass bonding using silicon direct bonding followed by anodic bonding(SDAB). Initial bonding between glass and silicon was caused by the hydrophilic surfaces of silicon and glass ensemble using silicon direct bonding(SDB) method. We found that the bonded specimen using SDAB process had higher strength than one using anodic bonding process only. We performed multiple layer bonding by SDAB, which is glass- silicon -glass as sandwich structure. In the silicon wafer, the (1mm x 2mm x 500μm)-sized cavity was formed by the anisotropic etching of the silicon substrate in EPW(Ethylendiamin-Pyrocatechol-Water). And, the cavity was sealed with glass wafers by SDAB method.

Polystyrene 이장재가 아말감 변연부 미세누출에 미치는 영향

윤태철,노병덕,이경선 大韓齒科保存學會 1998 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.23 No.2

성장기 참전복의 배합사료 평가

박흠기,김경덕,이상민 강릉대학교동해안지역연구소 1999 東海岸硏究 Vol.10 No.2

전복의 영양소 요구에 관한 연구 결과들을 검색하면서 실험 배합사료를 기존의 수입 배합사료와 비교하기 위하여 실험 배합사료 2종, 수입사료 2종 및 천연먹이(미역)를 선정하여 평균체중 2.6g 전후의 참전복 (1년생)을 구입하여 각 사료마다 3반복으로 15주간 사육 실험하였다. 생존율은 모든 실험구에서 95% 이상으로 양호하였으며, 실험구간에 유의한 차이는 없었다 (P>0.05). 최종 평균체중은 미역 공급구가 가장 낮아 실험 배합사료 및 상품사료보다 유의하게 낮았으며(P<0.05), 실험 배합사료와 상품사료 공급구간에는 차이가 없었다 (P>0.05). 가식부 중량 및 패각성장의 변화도 이와 유사한 경향을 보였다. 실험종료시 전복 가식부의 수분함량은 실험구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. (P>0.05) 가식부 단백질 함량은 두 실험 배합사료 공급구가 상품사료보다 유의하게 높았다. (p<0.05). 실험 배합사료 및 상품사료 공급구의 지질 함량은 미역 공급구가 가장 낮은 값을 보였고 (P<0.05), 실험 배합사료 공급구의 지질 함량은 상품사료보다 높은 값을 보였다.(P<0.05). 실험 배합사료구의 성장 효과가 수입 상품 배합사료와 차이가 없는 것으로 나타나 이 배합사료 조성비는 상품 사료의 배합비로 사용이 가능 할 것으로 기대된다. A feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate experimental and commercial diets for growing abalone(Haliotis discus hannai). Three replicate groups of the abalone average weighing 2.6 g were fed two experimental formulated diets containing 33.5% protein and two commercial diets containing 34.2-36.5% protein for 15 weeks. Experimental formulated diets with 20% fish meal and 20-23% soybean meal as protein sources were included. In addition, these experimental and commercial diets were compared with natural food (Undaria). No significant (P>0.05) differences were found among abalone fed the experimental and commercial diets in survival rate, final average weight, shell length and body weight/shell length ratio. Weight and shell growth of abalone fed the natural food (Undaria) were significantly lower than those of abalone fed the experimental and/or commercial formulated diets (P<0.05). These data indicate that experimental formulation used in this study could be used as a practical diet and dietary value of Undaria is lower than formulated diets.

Cerebrovascular Complications of Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis

김용재,박기덕,최경규,구혜수 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2003 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.26 No.2

모균증은 진균 감염증의 하나로 급성으로 진행되며 사망률이 높은 질환이다. 다양한 임상 양상으로 나타나며 두부 모균증이 가장 흔한 형태이다. 두부 모균증의 임상 경과는 감염의 해부학적 위치에 따라 두통, 안면 부종, 압통부터 안구 돌출, 안구 마비, 시력 소실 등 다양하게 나타난다. 모균증은 혈관계를 잘 침범하며, 두부 모균증의 경우 해면 정맥동의 침범뿐 아니라 아주 드물게 내 경동맥이나 두강 내 혈관을 침범하는 경우도 있다. 저자들은 뇌혈관 질환이 동반된 두부 모균증의 드문 합병증 3예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

뇌졸중 환자의 상지 재활 치료에 있어서 건측 억제 유도 기법의 적용 가능성

김진섭,김경,이지연,박진현,전덕훈,최윤희 대구대학교 특수교육재활과학연구소 2010 再活科學硏究 Vol.28 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 뇌졸중 편마비 환자의 재활을 위하여 강제유도치료(Constraint Induced movement Therapy: CIMT)의 잠재성을 조사하는 것이다. 강제유도치료는 학습된 불용과 피질 재배치 현상을 근거로 개발된 운동 중재로 임상적으로 뇌졸중으로 인한 편마비 환자뿐만 아니라 다양한 병인을 가진 환자들의 치료에 이용되고 있다. 최근 회복시기에 집중적인 치료를 받지 못하는 뇌졸중 환자들을 위한 상지 기능의 향상과 학습된 비사용 현상을 감소시키기 위한 치료 방법으로 강제 유도 운동 치료가 추천되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 강제 운동 유도치료의 정의, 적용분야, 이론적 배경, 신경 생리학적 기전 및 장·단점과 뇌졸중 환자의 상지 재활 치료에 있어서 그 적용 가능성에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다. The purpose of this review was to research the potential of CIMT(Constraint Induced movement Therapy) on stroke hemiplegic patient rehabilitation. Constraint Induced movement Therapy that is exercise intervention developed on the basis of learned non-use and cortex relocation, is used to treat not only storke hemiplegic patient but also the patients with various other pathogenesis. Constraint Induced movement Therapy is recently recommended as a treatment to improve upper extremity function and reduce learned non-use symptoms in stroke patient who is not received intensive therapy during the recovery time. In this review, definition of constrait induced movement therapy, the applications, the theoretical background, the neurophysiological mechanisms and its feasibility of advantages and disadvantages of the upper extremities rehabilitation were discussed.

상아질 접착제의 용매 증발이 접착 효율에 미치는 영향

조민우,김지연,김덕수,최경규 大韓齒科保存學會 2010 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.35 No.5

연구목적: 본 연구는 상아질 접착제의 잔류 용매가 접착 효율에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 본 연구에서는 5세대 2단계 산부식형 접착제와 7세대 단일과정 자가부식형 접착제를 사용하였다. 상아질 접착제의 증발률과 전환률, 적용 후 용매의 공기건조 방법에 따른 미세인장결합강도를 측정하였으며 접착 계면을 FE-SEM을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 결과: 1. 시간에 따라 접착제의 증발률은 증가하나 접착제의 종류에 따라 증가 양상이 서로 달랐다. 2. 대부분 전환률은 증발률에 비례하는 경향을 나타내었다. 3. 공기건조 방법에 따라 결합강도는 대부분 under군, control군, over군 순으로 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 4. FE-SEM에서 아세톤을 용매로 사용하는 접착제는 공기건조 방법에 따라 droplet이나 gap이 관찰되었다. 결론: 상아질 접착제의 잔류 용매는 접착 효율에 부정적인 영향을 미치기 때문에, 상아질 접착제의 선택과 사용 시 용매의 종류와 특징에 대한 적절한 이해가 필요할 것이다. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate bonding efficacy by means of measuring the effect of remained solvent on Degree of conversion(DC) and μTBS and FE-SEM examination. Materials and Methods: Two 2-step total etching adhesives and two single-step self etching adhesives were used in this study. First, volume weight loss of 4 dentin adhesives were measured using weighting machine in process of time in normal conditions and calculate degree of evaporation (DE). Reaction/reference intensity ratio were measured using micro-Raman spectroscopy and calculate DC according to DE. Then 2 experimental groups were prepared according to air-drying methods (under, over) and control group was prepared to manufacturer's instruction. Total 12 groups were evaluated by means of micro tensile bond strength and FE-SEM examination. Results: Degree of evaporation (DE) was increased as time elapsed but different features were observed according to the kind of solvents. Acetone based adhesive showed higher DE than ethanol and butanol based adhesive. Degree of conversion (DC) was increased according to DE except for S³ bond. In μTBS evaluation, bond strength was increased by additional air-drying. Large gaps and droplets were observed in acetone based adhesives by FE-SEM pictures. Conclusions: Additional air-drying is recommended for single-step self etching adhesive but careful consideration is required for 2-step total etching adhesive because of oxygen inhibition layer. Evaporation method is carefully chose and applied according to the solvent type.

시스템 다이내믹스를 이용한 간호단위별 간호인력 산정에 관한 연구

김문실,성영희,권경자,김도형,김정아,신덕신,유인자,유재국,이현숙 병원간호사회 2006 임상간호연구 Vol.11 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to forecast manpower by building the nursing manpower-staffing model(surgical-medical nursing unite). Method: The system dynamics approach was adapted to build a simulation model for calculating medical-surgical nursing manpower-staffing. The model was built up on Venism 5.0b DSS. Result: The results in the basic circumstance are in following. The level of nursing service quality, patientsatisfaction, and nurse job satisfaction maintains higher at medical-surgical nursing unit of the tertiary hospitals with the ratio of bed to nurse 2.5:1-3.0:1 than at any other situations. The level of nursing service quality, patient satisfaction, and nurse job satisfaction maintains higher at madical nursing unit of the secontary hospotals with the ratio of bed to nurse 3.0:1 and at surgical nursing unit of the secondary hospitals with the ratio of bed to nurse 3.0:1-3.5:1 than at any other situations in the fundamental from. The results in the simulation circumstance are in following, As author raises the operating rate of bed into 95-100%, and cut skilled nursing staff down, the level of nursing-service quality, patient satisfaction, and nurse job satisfaction drops slightly. Conclusion: In terms of economic efficiency on tertiary hospotals, the ratio of bed to nurse for the best reasonable medical-surgical nursing manpower-staffing is 3.0:1. In terms of economic efficiency on secondary hospitals, the ratio of bed to nurse for the best reasonable medical nursing manpower-staffing is 3.0:1 and surgical nursing manpower-staffing is 3.5:1

균열밀도에 따른 R·C 슬래브 교량의 내하력 평가

박길현,양승현,황선하,정경덕 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2003 建設技術硏究 Vol.23 No.1

Through the exterior features on reinforced concrete slab, crack density and crack originate deflections ratio crack density, decrease percentage of load carrying capacity, crack originate deflections ration and decrease percentage of load carrying capacity were statistically analyzed. Crack density, crack originate deflections ratio and decrease percentage of load carrying capacity are very closely related each other with 0.724, 0.821 and 0.317 of correlation coefficient within 95% of mind level. However, the correlation between crack originate deflections ratio and decrease percentage of load carrying capacity was low. Through the regression equation curve method in which crack density selected as independent variable, crack originate deflections ratio and decrease percentage of load carrying capacity as dependent variable, regression equations were presumed. Equations exist in mind level range of F(0.05, S-curve showed the highest, conformance with 79.5%, 72.2%. The regression equation between CRD or LCCD and CD was also shown. The overall judgement of load carrying capacity of bridges can be possible through the moreover investigation of crack density, the time needed precision could be valuable data for lower maintenance cost, the degree of deterioration of bridges and safety judgement.