고등급 이형성을 보인 편평톱니샘종

권경주,정성애,심기남,정정화,강석형,송도경,전승정,김혜인 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2012 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.35 No.1

Until recently, colorectal polyps were classified predominantly as hyperplastic or adenomatous. While adenomatous polyps are well-characterized precursor lesions of adenocarcinomas, hyperplastic polyps have been considered as benign lesion. However, some hyperplastic polyps with serrated morphology of the crypts have been recognized to have distinctive features and these polyps were termed ‘serrated adenomas’. Recent data show that sessile serrated adenomas (SSA) might be the precursors of serrated colonic cancers, underlining the necessity of identifying them. SSA is approximately 3% of all polyps, commonly appears as flat or sessile and yellowish due to mucus production. In the pathogenesis of SSA, progression to high grade dysplasia or early invasive carcinoma may be associated with serrated neoplasia pathway different from adenoma-carcinoma sequence. We report a case with a colon polyp diagnosed as sessile serrated adenoma with high grade dysplasia after endoscopic submucosal dissection.

혈구세포 수송체로 투여된 트레일 유전자의 혈중 발현 지속 효과

변향민,권경애,신지영,오유경 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.4

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis -inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a recently identified member of the tumor necrosis factor cytokine superfamily. TRAIL has been shown to induce apoptosis in a number of tumor cells whereas cells from most of normal tissues are highly resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. These observations have raised considerable interest in the use of TRAIL in tumor therapy. In this study we report the biodistribution fates and serum expression pattern of plasmid DNA encoding TRAIL (pTRAIL) delivered in erythrocyte ghosts(EG). pTRAIL was loaded into EG by electroporation in a hypotonic medium. The mRNA expression of pTRAIL was prolonged following delivery in EG-encap-sulated forms. EG containing pTRAIL showed significant levels of mRNA expression in the blood over 9 days. The organ expression patterns of pTRAIL delivered via EG, however, did not significantly differ from those of naked pTRAIL, indicating that the expression-enhancing effect of EG containing pTRAIL, was localized to the blood. These results suggest that pTRAIL-loaded EG might be of potential use in the treatment of hematological diseases such as TRAIL-sensitive leukemia.

계면활성제 함유 인지질 나노입자의 초가변성 연구

신지영,오유경,강민정,권경애,김종국 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.3

This study was aimed to formulated various phospholipid nanoparticles composed of different surfactants and to evaluate the deformability of the phospholipid vesicles as candidates of useful ultradeformable nanoparticles. In vitro deformability of the hospholipid nanoparticles was studied using an extruder under a certain pressure. The sizes of phospholipid nanoparticles, passed volumes, and concentrations of the phospholipids in suspensions before and after extrusion were measured. The deformability indexes were estimated by using passed volumes, sizes of phospholipid nanoparticles and concentrations of phospholipids. Conventionl liposomes, placed under a certain pressure of an extruder, showed no passed volume indicating little deformability. Similar to conventional liposomes, phospholipid nanoparticles containing surpactants such as sodium taurcholate, Myrj 45, or Myrj 53 showed little deformability. In contrast, phospholipid nanoparticles composed of Tween 20, triton X-100, or sodium deoxycholate showed higher deformability indexes than others. Taken together, the deformability of phospholipid nanoparticles could be significantly affected by the type of surfactants. Moreover, these results suggest that the deformability of phospholipid nanoparticles could be modulated by surfactants.

가용화 조성물을 함유한 PVP형 고체분산체의 제조 및 특성 : Based Solid Dispersion Systems Containing Solubilizers

Cao, Qing-Ri,김태완,최춘영,권경애,이범진 한국약제학회 2003 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.33 No.1

The PVP-based solid dispersion systems (SDs) containing lovastatin (LOS) and solubilizers (sodium lauryl sulfate, tween 80 and oleic acid) were prepared to enhance dissolution rate of practically water insoluble LOS using solvent evaporation method. Two different organic cosolvents either acetone/ethanol or acetonitrile/ethanol were used for the preparation of SDs. The LOS contents were highly decreased when acetone/ethanol cosolvents were used. The decrease of LOS contents was not caused by acetonitrile or acetone, based on HPLC data. The surface morphology as investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and angle of repose as an index of flowability of SDs were highly dependent of the type and amount of solubilizers used. Base on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction data, the SDs made crystalline LOS into amorphous structure or partially eutectic mixtures. The simultaneous use of the solubilizers in SDs was also useful to increase dissolution rate of LOS in gastric or intestinal fluid. The SDs containing solubilizers reached 76% and 60% in gastric and intestinal fluid, respectively but the commercial tablet gave only less that 4%. These solubilizers in SDs could be also applicable for enhancing dissolution and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs.

『선화량인(鮮和兩引)모던 조선외래어사전(朝鮮外來語辭典)』における일본외래어(日本外來語)の 『동사화(動詞化)した어(語)』について

권경애 ( Kwon Kyoung-ae ) 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소 2019 日本硏究 Vol.0 No.79

본 연구는 『鮮和兩引모던朝鮮外來語辭典』의 자료적 가치에 대하여 논하고, 부록에 수록되어 있는 일본외래어(Japanese loanwords)에서 ‘동사화한 단어(verbalized words)’에 대해 고찰한 것이다. 1930년대에 일본에서 외래어가 동사화한 것들은 일종의 속어적 성격을 띠었다. 따라서 신문이나 소설, 잡지 등에 게재되는 일이 적었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 당시의 외래어 동사화 양상을 살펴보기 위하여 본 사전에 수록된 ‘동사화한 단어’들에 대하여 선행연구에서 열거된 1930년대 초의 동사화 용례와 비교한 다음, 현대의 동사화한 단어들과도 비교하여 어떠한 용례들이 쇠퇴하고 또 존속되었는지, 현대의 동사화 조건과는 어떻게 달랐는지에 대해 검토하였다. 고찰 결과 다음 네 가지 사항에 대해 확인하였다. 첫째, 「サボる(<sabotage)」「「タクる(<taxi)」와 같은 단어가 이미 정착되어 사용되고 있었다. 둘째, 「タブる(<double)」의 경우, 형태는 같지만 지칭하는 의미가 현재와는 달랐다. 셋째, 현대에는 사용되지 않는 「エスる(<escape)」「ステクる(<stick)」와 같은 용례들이 사용되었다. 넷째, 당시에는 「る」형태 이외에도 「カモプラす(<camouflage)」「ジェラす(jealous)」와 같이 「す」형태의 동사화한 단어들이 있었다. 그런데, 일본화 동사의 어미로서 정착한 것은 「す」형태가 아니라 「る」형태였다. 현대 외래어에서 동사화한 모든 용례들이 「る」형이다. 이것은 일본어가 구어화 하는 과정에서 「る」로 끝나는 동사류가 늘어났고 이로 인하여 ‘る로 끝나면 동사’라는 인식이 널리 퍼졌기 때문일 것이다. 2000년대 이후에 새롭게 들어온 외래어도 「る」형태로 동사화가 이루어졌다. 예를 들면 「ググる(<google)」 「トラブる(<trouble)」 등은 젊은이들 사이에서 없어서는 안될 만큼 기본어휘로 정착되어 현재 사용되고 있다. This study addresses the value of 鮮和兩引모던朝鮮外來語辭典(The New Dictionary of Foreign Words in Modern Korean: searchable by Korean and Japanese) and the “Japanese Verbalized Loanwords” in the Dictionary's Appendix. The Japanese verbalized loanwords in the 1930s took on a kind of slang character. This made it difficult for them to be used in newspapers, magazines, novels, etc. Therefore, the present study compares the “verbalized loanwords” in the Dictionary with the examples of verbalization at the beginning of the 1930s, which are listed in preceding studies, and then with contemporary verbalized loanwords as well. Based on the comparison, this study investigates which examples have declined and survived and how the then verbalization was different from the contemporary one in terms of conditions. The analysis leads to the four findings: First, words, such as サボる(saboru < sabotage) and タクる(takuru < taxi), already took root at that time. Second, there were examples that are identical in form, but different in meaning, like タブる(taburu < double). Third, there were examples, such as エスる(esuru < escape) and ステクる (sutekuru < stick), which are not used any longer today. Forth, there were -su form words, such as カモプラす(kamopurasu < camouflage) and ジェラす(zyerasu < jealous), in addition to -ru form ones. However, not -su, but -ru has been established as a Japanese verb ending. This is maybe because verbs with -ru ending have increased in the process of colloquialization, thus spreading the recognition that any word with -ru ending is a verb. The loanwords since the 2000s have also been verbalized with -ru ending. For example, ググる(guguru < google), トラブる(toraburu < trouble), etc. are used as basic vocabulary that are indispensable for young people.

『看羊錄』に見られる日本地名のハングル表記に關する考察

권경애 ( Kyoung Ae Kwon ) 한국일어일문학회 2013 日語日文學硏究 Vol.87 No.1

本稿は『看羊錄』の「賊中聞見錄」の中の<倭國八道六十六州>の上段に見られる日本の地名を表記したハングル表記について考察したものである。『看羊錄』より先に記錄された文獻および同時代の他文獻に收錄された日本の地名に關する表記や、『捷解新語』原刊本·改修本におけるハングル表記と對照することによって、姜沆による『看羊錄』のハングル表記の資料的價値を檢討し、合わせて16世紀末、17世紀初の日本語の音價について推定してみた。本考察によって得られた結論は次の三つである。第一、『看羊錄』を他の文獻と比較してみたところ、『看羊錄』のハングル表記は16世紀末の日本語を反映していることが確認された。第二、『看羊錄』を『捷解新語』におけるハングル表記と比較してみたところ、濁音の鼻音性において『捷解新語』原刊本と似た樣相を帶びていたが、チ·ツの口蓋化過程においてはチを‘디[ti]’で表記した地名が見られ、口蓋化がほぼ終了しつつある時期の狀況を見せており、『捷解新語』以前の日本語の樣相を知ることの出きる資料と言える。最後に、たとえ『看羊錄』のハングル表記が『捷解新語』のそれと比べて誤字や特異な表記が目立ち、やや精密性に欠けているが、それがむしろ當時の實際の發音に近い表記であった可能性を示唆していると言える。『看羊錄』に見られる日本地名のハングル表記に關する考察 本稿は『看羊錄』の「賊中聞見錄」の中の<倭國八道六十六州>の上段に見られる日本の地名を表記したハングル表記について考察したものである。『看羊錄』より先に記錄された文獻および同時代の他文獻に收錄された日本の地名に關する表記や、『捷解新語』原刊本·改修本におけるハングル表記と對照することによって、姜沆による『看羊錄』のハングル表記の資料的價値を檢討し、合わせて16世紀末、17世紀初の日本語の音價について推定してみた。本考察によって得られた結論は次の三つである。第一、『看羊錄』を他の文獻と比較してみたところ、『看羊錄』のハングル表記は16世紀末の日本語を反映していることが確認された。第二、『看羊錄』を『捷解新語』におけるハングル表記と比較してみたところ、濁音の鼻音性において『捷解新語』原刊本と似た樣相を帶びていたが、チ·ツの口蓋化過程においてはチを‘디[ti]’で表記した地名が見られ、口蓋化がほぼ終了しつつある時期の狀況を見せており、『捷解新語』以前の日本語の樣相を知ることの出きる資料と言える。最後に、たとえ『看羊錄』のハングル表記が『捷解新語』のそれと比べて誤字や特異な表記が目立ち、やや精密性に欠けているが、それがむしろ當時の實際の發音に近い表記であった可能性を示唆していると言える。 The purpose of this paper is to investigate Hangul (Korean Alphabet) notations used for Japanese place names in “Kanyangrok”. By comparing the notations found in “Kanyangrok” with those used in other written texts that were recorded before and after “Kanyangrok”, and with Hangul notations in “Cheophaesineo”, I attempt to evaluate the validity of Hangul notations of “Kanyangrok” as a means of constructing the past sound system and to speculate on the sound system of Japanese used at the end of the 16th century or at the beginning of 17th century. The main findings are as follows. First, the result of my study shows that Hangul notations of “Kanyangrok” reflect the Japanese language of the late 16th century. Second, my comparison of “Kanyangrok” and “Cheophaesineo” in terms of their Hangul notations demonstrates that nasality of ‘dakuon(Voiced sound)’ is found in both texts whereas forms undergoing palatalization of チ& ツ(ti/tu→t□i/□u) are not attested in “Kanyangrok” (e.g., 디 [ti]``). It means that “Kanyangrok” can serve as a valuable source for exploring linguistic aspects of Japanese spoken before “Cheophaesineo” where the effect of the palatalization is present. Therefore, it can be concluded that Hangul notations of “Kanyangrok” should be seen as the text to reflect the real pronunciation of the contemporaries and some typos and specific diacritics found in the text result from the author’s intention to represent the real pronunciation of the speakers.

일본어 학습자를 위한 효율적 한자교육에 관한 연구

권경애 ( Kyoung Ae Kwon ) 한국외국어대학교 외국어교육연구소 2007 외국어교육연구 Vol.21 No.1

本稿では日本の常用漢字1945字を韓國の敎育用漢字1800字、中國の常用漢字2500字と對照分析を行い、3國共通字種ほど基礎漢字に屬するものが多く、實際の使用頻度の面においても上位順位に相當することを明らかにした。これに基づいて、これからの日本語敎育においては共通字種や共通字體という要素が考慮された形で常用漢字を提示する必要があると考え、次のような漢字習得段階を提示した。初級段階では、小學校低學年用の日·韓·中3國で共通に用いられる共通字種だけを提示することによって、日本語の學習負擔を輕減させる。次に初中級段階では、小學校低學年用の共通字種および低學年用の相違字種、高學年用の3國共通字種を提示して日本式の漢字になじませる。さらに中上級段階では、小學校高學年用の共通字種および高學年用の相異字種、中學生用の3國共通字種を提示して日本の漢字語彙を增やせる機會を與える。最後の上級段階に至っては、中學生用の共通字種および相違字種を與え、漢字に對する自信感を持たせる必要がある。上記のような基準が必ずしもすべての敎育現場において適用されるものではないが、韓國人日本語學習者に、漢字に對する負擔を最小限に止め、かつ日本語學習に對する興味を誘發させられる漢字敎育の一つのモデルを提示しようと試みたものである。 This study compared the 1945 Chinese characters used in Japan with the 1800 characters taught in Korea and the 2500 characters used in China. This comparison revealed that the characters used in all three countries belong to the ``basic character`` category and are the most frequently used. This study claims that the characters that are in common use or are related to those in common use in the three countries are an important factor to be considered in teaching the characters designated for common use in Japan to Korean learners of Japanese. This paper suggests the following approach for the step-by-step presentation of characters to students. At the beginning level, only the Chinese characters commonly used in the three countries in the lower grades of elementary school should be taught. At the low intermediate level, learners should be exposed both to the different characters taught in the lower grades of elementary school and the commonly used characters that are taught in the higher grades of elementary school. Then, at the high intermediate level, learners should build their vocabulary by learning the commonly used characters and the divergent characters taught in the upper grades of elementary school, as well as the commonly used characters in all three countries in junior high school. Lastly, at the advanced level, learners should develop their skills with Chinese characters by studying both the commonly used characters and the different characters commonly taught at the junior high school level.

中国語由来漢語オノマトペの韓日両言語での受容と定着

권경애(Kwon Kyoung Ae,権景愛) 韓國外國語大學校 外國學綜合硏究센터 日本硏究所 2015 日本硏究 Vol.0 No.64

본 연구의 목적은 한국어와 일본어에서의 한어오노마토페의 수용 양상을 조사하는 것이다. 한어오노마토페는 문어체에 많이 보이고 구어체에서의 사용이 생산적이지 않다. 또한 일반어휘와 오노마토페의 경계가 명확하지 않아, 연구자들에 따라 한어오노마토페의 인정범위가 각각 다르다. 그래서 본고에서는 용례수집의 편의를 위해 여러 연구들에서 한어오노마토페라고 인정하고 있는 용례를 수집하여 그것들을 쌍성어, 첩운어, 중언 등으로 분류하였다. 그 후에 그러한 용례들에 대해 이 한국어와 일본어에서 어떻게 취급되고 있는지, 각 문헌에서 어떻게 쓰이고 있는지에 대해 검토하였다. 주요 조사결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한어오노마토페는 원형 그대로 문장 속에 사용된 경우가 한국어 쪽이 일본어 쪽보다 많다. 그러나 그 예들이 적고 양 언어 모두 동사나 형용사의 어근으로 수용된 경우가 대부분이다. 둘째, 한국어에서 동사나 형용사의 어근으로 사용된 경우 [-이(i)] 형태가 되는 경우는 하나밖에 없고 나머지는 [-히(hi), -하게(hage), -하다(hada)」의 어근으로 쓰인다. 이에 반하여 일본어의 경우에는 거의 대부분이 [-と(to)][-として(tosite)]형태의 부사나 [-な(na)]형용사의 어근이 된다. [-する(suru)]형태가 되는 것은 아주 드물다. 셋째, 동음반복이라는 특성상 양 언어 모두 중언인 경우가 오노마토페로서 수용되기 쉬웠으며 쌍성어나 첩운어는 일반어휘로 수용되기 쉬웠던 것 같다. 넷째, 한국어의 경우, 한어오노마토페인지를 판단하기 위해 세 가지 기준을 세웠다. 즉, 의성어 및 의성적인 특성을 지닌 의태어, 원형 형태로 문장 속에 나타날 것, [-이(i)] 형 이외의 파생형을 지니지 않을 것 등이다. 그러나 일본어에서는 한국어보다 의성어 및 의성적인 특성을 지닌 의태어가 많지만 원형 형태로 문장 속에 사용되는 용례가 하나도 없다. 따라서 일본어의 경우에는 원형 그대로 문장 속에서 쓰이는지의 여부가 한어오노마토페를 규정짓는 기준이 되지 않는다. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the acceptance phase of 'the onomatopia of Chinese origin' in Korean & Japanese. The onomatopia of Chinese origin seems to be frequently used in literary style, but not in colloquial style. And an ambiguous boundary between the onomatopia of Chinese origin and general vocabulary makes it difficult to establish the certain difference between the onomatopia of Chinese origin and the rest. Therefore I collected the examples that are academically recognized as the onomatopia of Chinese origin for the convenience of the example collection in this report. Furthermore, I classified them into three categories : gemination words, repeated rhymes words, reduplication words. And I conducted an examination on how they were classified in both languages(Korean and Japanese), and how they are being used in the documents. The main findings are as in the following. First, Korean has more words that keep the original form of the onomatopia of Chinese origin compared to Japanese. However, there are only few examples, and most of them are received as the root of a word for the verbs or the adjectives in both languages. Second, when they are used as the root of a word for the verbs or the adjectives in Korean, there is only one case that they become the form of [-i], and in most cases, they are used as the root of words of [-hi, -hage, -hada]. In contrast, in Japanese, they are used in the adverb form [-to][-tosite] and the adjective form [-na]. Case they are used in [-suru] form is very unusual. Third, due to the property of tautophony, reduplication words were easily received as an onomatopoeia by both languages. On the other hand, the gemination words and repeated rhymes words were mostly received as general vocabulary. Fourth, I set the three standards for the indication of the onomatopeia of Chinese origin : the case of imitative words and mimetic words that have the imitative connotation, the case when they are used in original form in sentences, the case when the words are used in [-i] derivative form. Although there are more cases of imitative words and mimetic words having the imitative connotation in Japanese than in Korean, there is no precedent where they are used in the original form in the sentence.

상대 일본어에 있어서 連濁과 악센트의 상관성에 관한 연구

권경애(Kwon Kyoung Ae) 일본어문학회 2007 일본어문학 Vol.36 No.-

일본어「もたげる」의 의미 변화 고찰 - 단어 형성 과정과 오용 표현을 중심으로-

권경애(Kwon, Kyoung-Ae) 대한일어일문학회 2021 일어일문학 Vol.89 No.-

This paper focuses on the compound verb, “モタグ(モタゲル),” in which a vowel deletion occurs as a phonological feature, how its meaning and usage have changed and expanded over the decades, and the case that it is currently used conveys the opposite of what the original verb meant. We used corpus reference applications Chunagon"s, which included “The corpus of Japanese (CHJ)” and “The balanced corpus of contemporary written Japanese (BCCWJ)”, to conduct this phonological feature. “モタゲル” was simply used to indicate the following: “lift up (the body/object)” in the past tense. However, it is nowadays used to convey derived meanings such as, “one’s thought or desire to do something becomes stronger, to commend others, and to compliment.” As we discovered in our research, recently, “モチアゲル” is used much more frequently than “モタゲル.” “モタゲル” is mainly used as collocations when referring to body parts such as the head and neck. On the other hand, “モチアゲル” is used in a variety of collocation forms, and the collocation form, “human/animal/plant (subject)~“object/matter (object),” occurs much more frequently than the collocation form, “human/animal (subject)~body parts(object).” As mentioned above, the usage of “モタゲル” has expanded from the description of body parts to describing abstract matters, situations, and psychological statements. Also, “モチアゲル” had once coexisted separately with “モタゲル,” and the collocation forms of “モチアゲル” have been increasingly found. In turn, the use of “モタゲル” has dwindled. Consequently, “モタゲル” has come to be used only rarely in a spoken language, and this situation has led to the loss of its original meaning, and may have eventually contributed to the less frequent use of the word in its original meaning. And that has caused the reversal, erroneous as it is, of the original meaning.