A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

The Variation of Winter Buds among 10 Selected Populations of Kalopanax septemlobus Koidz. in Korea

Kim,Sea-Hyun,Ahn,Young-sang,Jung,Hyun-Kwon,Jang,Yong-Seok,Park,Hyung-Soon 한국자원식물학회 2002 Plant Resources Vol.5 No.3

The objective of this study was to understand the conservation of gene resources and provide information for mass selection of winter bud characters among the selected populations of Kalopanax septemlobus Koidz using analysis of variance(ANOVA) tests. The obtained results are shown below; 1. Ten populations of K. septemlobus were selected for the study of the variation of winter bud characters in Korea. The results of the analysis of variance(ANOVA) tests shows that there were statistically significant differences in all of the winter bud characters among those populations. 2. Correlation analysis shows that width between Height and DBH(Diameter at breast height) characters have negative relationship with all of the characters, as ABL(Apical branch length), ABW(Apical branch width), AWBL(Apical branch winter bud length), AWBW(Apical branch winter bud width), ABT(Apical branch No. of thorns), ABLB(Apical branch No. of lateral bud) and LBL(Lateral branch length), LBW(Lateral branch width), LBT(Lateral branch No. of thorns), LBLB(Lateral branch No. of lateral bud). 3. The result of principal component analysis(PCA) for winter buds showed that the first principal components(PC s) to the fourth principal component explains about 78% of the total variation. The first principal component(PC) was correlated with AWBW, LWBW, and LBL and the ratio of ABL/ABW and LBL/LBW out of 16 winter bud characters. The second principal component correlated with ABL, ABW, ABLB, LWBL(Lateral branch winter bud length), and LBW and the ratio of AWBL/AWBW. The third principal component correlated with ABL, ABW, LWBL, LBL, and the ratio of LBL/LBW. The fourth principal component correlated with LBL and the ratio of LWBL/LWBW(Lateral branch winter bud width), LBL/LBW. Therefore, these characters were important to analysis of the variation for winter bud characters among selected populations of K. septemlobus in Korea. 4. Cluster analysis using the average linkage method based on 10 selected populations for the 16 winter bud characters of K. septemlobus in Korea showed a clustering into two groups by level of distance 1.1(Fig. 3). As can be seen in Fig. 3, Group I consisted of three areas(Mt. Sori, Mt. Balwang and Mt. Worak) and Group Ⅱ contisted of seven areas(Suwon, Mt. Chuwang, Mt. Kyeryong, Mt. Kaji, Mt. Jiri, Muan, and Mt. Halla). The result of cluster analysis for winter bud characters corresponded well with principal component analysis, as is shown in Fig. 2.

Effects of Phenytoin and Diazepam on the Seizure Activity in the Cortical Dysplasia Animal Models

Kim, Si-Hyung,Choi, In-Sun,Cho, Jin-Hwa,Park, Eun-Ju,Jang, Il-Sung,Choi, Byung-Ju,Kim, Hyun-Jung,Kim, Young-Jin,Nam, Soon-Hyeun The Korean Academy of Oral Biology 2006 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.31 No.2

Dysplasia-associated seizure disorders are markedly resistant to pharmacological intervention. Relatively little research has been conducted studying the effects of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs) on seizure activity in a rat model of dysplasia. We have used rats exposed to methylazoxymethanol acetate(MAM) in utero, an animal model featuring nodular heterotopia, to investigate the effects of AEDs in the dysplastic brain. Pilocarpine was used to induce acute seizure in MAM-exposed and age-matched vehicle-injucted control animals. Field potential recordings were used to monitor amplitude and numbers population spikes, and paired pulse inhibition in response to stimulation of commissural pathway. Two commonly used AEDs were tested: diazepam 5, 2.5mg/kg;phenytoin 40, 60mg/kg. Diazepam(DZP) and phenytoin(PHT) reduced the amplitude of population spike in control and MAM-exposed rats. However, the amplitude of population spike was nearly eliminated in control rats as compared to the MAM-exposed rats. Pharmaco-resistance was tested by measuring seizure latencies in awake rats after pilocarpine administration(320mg/kg, i.p.) with and without pretreatment with AEDs. Pre-treatment with PHT 60 mg prolonged seizure latency in control rats, but not in MAM-exposed animals. The main findings of this study are that acute seizures initiated in MAM-exposed rats are relatively resistant to standard AEDs assessed in vivo. These data suggest that animal model with cortical dysplasia can be used to screen the effects of potential AEDs.

동적 그룹에 적합한 안전하고 효율적인 그룹키 동의 프로토콜

김기성(Kim Ki Sung),김정윤(Kim Jung Yoon),최형기(Choi Hyoung Kee) 한국통신학회 2008 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2008 No.7

월남 이상재의 체육사상 연구

김성수(Kim Sung-Soo),엄정식(Um Jung-Sik) 한국체육과학회 2003 한국체육과학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Wolnam was a devout Christian and an activist for independence and civil rights. as well as journalist. He developed a nationalist movement within the YMCA and boosted the Korean spirit through his sense of humor and wit when the country was under Japanese colonial rule. Wolnam the bay it attaches importance in objection and before improving the traditional education method which one makes a public official unbiased view the nation participates namely. to go without question the young and old, who the possibility of being educated is from equal opportunity inside of education frequently. the strenuous efforts must accomplish presented an education method in crane line agreement. Like this Wolnam, the arrival point of education thought mindㆍspiritㆍbody becoming the Trinity, was a volition thing which prepares a harmonious personality it shows personally. Wolnam's YMCA peculiar whole man thought, namely spiritㆍmindㆍbody it receives an impression even in balance human being vocal thought and spirit with only mind it considers seriously and body it disregards the place where it conquers a hitherto Confucianism fixed idea to lead, it became. This is one revolution. Is like this the thought which is narrow-minded slants with one piece knows mindㆍspiritㆍbody the thing and the thinker public opinion which the body which attempt a fortune development with the artificial flower (mind) in it thinks specially in one minutes to be forever remembered, route it wishes. The wolnarn sees the transference powerful enemy asserted the change of the recognition from the feudal society against a physical Education in the converter in the modem time civic society the thing that our country physical Education development it has a big history value. With this together Wolnam as only our country modem time thinker the bay it knows from practice width of modem time physical Education with development of physical Education thought it is thought a big contribution with the fact that height must come to be evaluated as one person.

『삼대』에 나타난 ‘연애’의 양상과 의미에 관한 고찰

김정희(Kim Jung-hee),노상래(Roh Sang-ree) 우리말글학회 2007 우리말 글 Vol.41 No.-

A study an inquiry into the aspects and meaning on 'love' in Samdae, The aim of this thesis is to investigate the internal scene of nationalism intrinsic in the 'discovery of love' shown up in Samdae. The thought of free love which came from the West had much influence on the young ones those days. The writer, Yeom Sang-seop, embodied a point of view of critical realism for the social tendency in the 'love' of Samdae. The narratives of the love which he seizes are of calmness and actuality. Most of the works by Yeom Sang-seop shows concretely the embodiment of the love relationship. Samdae, also, forms the basis of the superiority of spiritual value wearing the shape of ideology, and of the regulative consciousness for the fallen human flesh. The sincerity of the love in Samdae is revelled into a moral value for which the writer orients through the exchange value which transformed and a triangular composition of a confession style. In a private area of a 'love', the internal space, which is supposed to confess, is made out through the medium of a letter, and futhermore, this work presents a tension, which makes the work not come under the mere love story, by introducing properly the motives of 'an Eros' and 'a Thanatos'. The modern women of Samdae progress toward the society positively bearing their own index of behavior. It can be said that such aspects of the modern women are a representative of an outlook on the world predicating the anxiety for the awakening of consciousness and change. However, one of characters in Samdae, Jo Deok-gi's attitude of a moderatist shows the writer's internal consciousness emphasizing the moral consciousness as well. This aspect can be a moral consciousness in Samdae, which takes a basic axis as a 'love' narratives. That is, Samdae is an outcome which the modern, a free love and the premodern, a moral consciousness bring about.

보문 : Polyethylene Film포장이 포도 Sheridan의 저장력에 미치는 영향

남상영(Sang Young Nam),김경미(Kyoung Mi Kim),박종천(Jong Chun Park),주선종(Seon Jong Joo),정재현(Jai Hyun Jung) 한국식품저장유통학회(구 한국농산물저장유통학회) 1997 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.4 No.1

뜸요법과 세라밴드운동이 퇴행성 골관절염 노인의 신체적, 심리적 변수에 미치는 효과

한상숙 ( Sang Sook Han ),김원옥 ( Won Oak Kim ),김연정 ( Yeon Jung Kim ),백용현 ( Yong Hyun Back ),이명희 ( Myung Hee Lee ) 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2008 동서간호학연구지 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구는 퇴행성 골관절염 노인을 대상으로 뜸요법과 세라 밴드 운동을 실시한 후 신체적 심리적 변수에 미치는 효과를 살펴보고자 실시하았다. 통증, 피로,우울은 뜸요법과 세라밴드운동 실시 후에 감소하였고, 유연성 측정으로 무릎각도, 족 배굴곡, 족저굴곡은 증가하였다. 따라서 뜸요법과 세라밴드 운동의 효과를 중심으로 논의하고자 한다. 실제적으로 뜸자극이 통증을 감소시키는 기전이 명확이 밝혀지지는 않았지만 뜸요법은 지각신경(知覺神經)의항분(亢憤)에따라 지각이 과민하고 통증이 있는 경우나 자율신경(自律神經)의 항분에 의해 발생하는 해장기관의 이상 시에 억제회선(抑制回善)하는 억제(抑制), 제지(制止), 진통(鎭痛) 등의 작용이 있다 (Chiba, Nakamsimshi& chichibu, 1997; East-West Nursing Research Institute1 2000). 뜸요법 후 자궁적 출술한 여성의 냉증과 통증이 감소하였고(Shin et al., 2001), 여대생의 생리통과 월경곤랑증이 감소(Kim&Cho,2001;Lee, 2004)한 것으로 나타나고 있는데, 이는 뜸요법의 작용인온경(溫經藥), 산한지통(散寒止痛),제습지양(除濕 止痒)의 효과로 설명할 수 있다. 즉 뜸여법은 혈을 따뜻하게 하여 한사(寒邪)를 ,제거하고 기혈을 잘 통하게 하여 어혈을 풀고 진통을 감소시킨다. 뜸요범은 통각신경의 흥분을 억제하는 작용을 하고 피가 잘 돌게 하며 말초신경을 자극하여 아픈 자리의 유해물질을 없애기 때문에 아픔을 멈추게 하며(Choi, 1993), 국소적인 근육의 긴장과 혈관의 긴장을 풀어줌으로써 혈액의 혈액의 흐름이 원활해지고 피로불질이나 통증을 재는 물질을 분해시켜 버린다(Kim, 1996). Chun 등(2003)은 퇴행성 관절염 노인의 경우 나이, 동통, 일상생활의존도를 포함한 대상자 특성이 우울에 영향을 미친다고 보고하고 있다 따라서 뜸요법과 세라밴드 운동은 퇴행성 골관절염 노인의 통증, 피로, 우울 점수를 감소시킴을 확인 할 수 있었다. 뜸요법은 상체에 약한 자극을 가하여 지각, 운동, 자율, 신경의 기능이 약화 되었을 때 이를 움직일 수 있도록 하는 항분작용(亢奮作用)이 있으며, 면역작용(免疫作用)으로는 뜸요법 시 화상독(火傷毒) “히스토키신``이 발생하여 이정 단백체에 의해 항체가 생산되어 변역반응을 일으키며 백혈구의 식균작용을 항분(亢奮)시켜준다(east-West Nursing Research Institute, 2000; Yamashita, Ichiman, & Tanno, 2001). 퇴행선 골간절염 환자의 주증상인 무릎 관절의 변형과 부종은 관절가종범위가 감소되고 통증을 유발하는 요인이다. Choi(2003)는 편마비가 동반된 상지부종의 감소와 함께 상지 운동능력이 향상된 것을 확인 하였다. 이는 퇴행성 골관절염 노인의 경우 뜸요법은 혈행과 신진대사를 촉진시켜 체액의 장애를 조절하여 무릎의 유연성을 증가시키는 것으로 추정할 수 있었다 면역기능과 관련하여 신경계와 면역계 사이의 상호교신은 시상하부-뇌하수체-부신을 축으로 분비되는 에피네프린, 토르티솔 등과 같은 체액성 인자 의 분비에 의한 것으로 인식되어 왔다. 그러나 최근의 신경면역조절(nuuroimmumodulation)에 대한 연구들에 의하면 자율신경말단과 변역세포들은 직접 접촉하고 있으면서 신경전달물질과 싸이토카인의 매개에 의해 서로 교신하고 있음이 시사되고 있다(Rainer, Straub, Jurgen, & Werner, 1998). 실제적으로 뜸요법을 받은 대다수의 최행성 관절염 노인들은 통증과 부종이 감소하였고, 걷을 때 훨씬 응직이기가 수월해졌다고 말하고 있다. 그러나 어떤 기전으로 통증과 부종이 감소되는지에 대한 반복연구가 필요하다. 세라밴드는 가볍고 휴대하기에도 편리하며 모든 방향에서의부하의 강도를 자유롭게 조절할 수 있어 쉽게 활용할 수 있는 운동기구이다. 본 연구에서 무릎각도, 족배굴곡, 족저굴곡이 증가하여 유연성이 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 세라밴드 운동이 퇴행성 골관절염 환자를 대상으로 한 연구가 없는 실정이어서 비교하기는 어려우나 국내에서 대학생을 대상으로 등장성 근력에 효과가 있으며(Ham, 2000) 관절가동범위와 유연성을 증가시켜(Page, 2000) 일상생활의 기능을 향상시키는 한편, 통증을 경감시키는 효과(Bang & Deyle, 2000)가 있는 것으로 본 연구를 지지하고 있다. 그러나 뜸요법과 세라밴드 운동 중 어느것이 더 그 효과를 나타내는지는 알 수 없어 각각의 중재를 한반복연구가 필요하다고 사료된다. 본 연구에서 뜸요법 시행시 화상으로 인한 상처와 연기가 많이나서 눈이 따가운 경향이 있었는데, 이는 Kwon과 Park (2005)의 연구에서 실험에서 탈락한 대상자들은 뜸요법 시에‘배에뜸을 뜬 후 뜸뜬 자리가 몹시 가렵고 피부발진이 있었다’,‘ 연기가 많이 나서 눈이 따가웠다’,‘ 뜸이 탈 때 너무 뜨거워 참기 힘들었다’,‘ 뜸의 진액이 옷에 잘 묻고 냄새가 오래가며, 간간이뜸 연기 때문에 눈이 따가웠다’고 하였다는 보고는 본 연구의 실험처치에서도 부분적으로 일치하였다. 따라서 앞으로 뜸요법의 효율성이 입증되고 더욱더 활성화되기 위해서는 이러한 불편감들을 적극적으로 해소시키기 위한 노력이 필요하다. 본 연구는 퇴행성 골관절염 노인을 대상으로 뜸요법과 세라밴드 운동의 효과를 과학적으로 증명하였다는 것에 의의가 있다고 보며, 뜸요법과 세라밴드 운동이 퇴행성 골관절염 노인의 신체적으로 통증, 피로를 감소하고 유연성을 증가시키며, 심리적으로 우울을 감소시키는 간호중재로서 일반화할 수 있기를 기대한다. Purpose: To examine the effects of a nursing intervention including moxibustion and theraband exercise on pain, fatigue, flexibility, and depression in aged patients with degenerative osteoarthritis. Methods: This study had a one group pretest-posttest design. Thirty people over 60 yr-of-age with degenerative osteoarthritis were recruited from a community health center from November 1, 2005 to June 14,2006. The 6 week treatment intervention included twice weekly 60 min sessions of of theraband exercise (30 min) and moxibution (30min). Data was analyzed by SPSS Ver. 12.0. Results: Interventionwas associated with significant decreases in pain (t=8.28, p<.001) and fatigue (t=5.19, p<.001), and significant increases inknee flexibility (t=-3.54, p=.001), dorsal flexibility (t=-9.05, p<.001), and plantar flexibility (t=-4.09, p<.001). Depression was significantly decreased after intervention (t=-4.09, p<.001). Conclusions: Moxibustion and theraband exercise should be utilized as an effective nursing intervention for the aged with degenerative oateoarthritis.

금궤요략 증상에 근거한 진료기록부 작성에 대한 제언

김상운 ( Sang-un Kim ),정현종 ( Hyun-jong Jung ) 대한한의진단학회 2015 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.19 No.1

Objectives This study intends to present the writing of standardized medical records based on Korean medicine on the basis of Geum-gwe-yo-ryak symptoms. Methods 1. Excluding the sentences unrelated to the Geum-gwe-yo-ryak symptoms, the symptoms in the rest of sentences were extracted. 2. Classifying the extracted symptoms as per the review of system, the similar symptoms were integrated. 3. Calculating the frequencies of each symptom, each strain rate was calculated. 4. The above results were compared with the results of existing similar study on Sang-han-ron(『傷寒論』) symptoms Results Conclusion 1. Resulting from the analysis on all sentences in Geum-gwe-yo-ryak, a total of 1486 different symptoms were extracted. 2. As results out of total, the symptom related to the temperature sensation accounted for 12.4%, that related to sweat did 3.8%, that related to thirst did 3.8%, that related to edema did 3.4%, that related to musculoskeletal system did 6.9%, that related to breathing did 8.6%, that related to chest and hypochondrium did 6.2%, that related to abdomen did 9.5%, that related to digestive system did 9.6%, that related to stool did 6.4%, that related to urination and urinary system did 5.7%, that related to mouth, eye, ear, nose, throat did 5.3%, that related to skin did 4.5%, that related to language, mind, sleep and emotion did 6.7%. 3. Compared with Sang-han-ron, Edema appear only in Geum-gwe-yo-ryak. Therefore, edema may be a characteristic symptoms of miscellaneous disease.

수령독재 하에서 권력과 이권을 둘러싼 갈등 동학 그리고 장성택 숙청

박형중 ( Hyeong Jung Park ),최대석 ( Dae Seok Choe ),김학성 ( Hank Sung Kim ),박영자 ( Young Ja Park ),장인숙 ( In Suk Jang ) 북한연구학회 2014 北韓硏究學會報 Vol.18 No.1

수령독재 하에서는 수령 지위를 차지하고자 하는 권력 투쟁은 존재하지 않는다. 그러나 수평적으로 주요 기관과 엘리트 개인의 권력과 이권의 지분을 확대하기 위한 경쟁이 존재한다. 이러한 경쟁은 수령에 대한 ‘충성경쟁’이라는 외피를 갖는다. 권력 세습 기간 동안 이러한 경쟁이 현저히 증가한다. 권력 세습은 수령독재가 기반하는 통치연합을 재편성하는 과정이기 때문이다. 김정일에서 김정은으로의 권력 세습 과정에서 기관과 엘리트 사이에 권력 및 이권 관련경쟁에서 두 가지가 두드러지게 나타났다. 그 하나는 권력 세습 과정에서의 주도적 세력이 되고자 하는 경쟁 즉 후견권을 둘러싼 경쟁이다. 그 다른 하나는 기관별로 권력과 이권의 지분을 확대하기 위한 경쟁이다. 장성택은 이 두 가지 경쟁에서 모두 주역이었다. 그의 숙청도 이와 관련되어 있었다. Under the Suryong dictatorship, by definition, there is no political completion for Suryong`s status. There are, however, horizontal competitions to expand power and interest carried out by major power organizations and elites. Apparently they are loyalty competition devoted to the Suryong. During the power succession, as the ruling coalition is reconstructed, they intensify themselves. Two features have been pronounced during the hereditary succession from Kim Jong-il to Kim Jong-un in regard to competition for power and interest among power organizations and elites: the one is the competition for regency, i.e. to advance oneself as the dominant force in the promotion of the power succession; the other is the competition for increasing share of power and interest by power organizations and elites. Jang Sung-taek has stood in the center of these two competitions and he was purge thereof.