영양표시정착화사업(Ⅱ) : 식품참고량설정에 관한 연구 Study on the Establishement of the Reference Amount in Foods

김대병,장영미,김인복,이혜영,장재희,김보영,이정구,김창민,정해랑 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

본 연구는 영양표시에서 1회분량 및 영양소함량표시의 기준으로 사용되는 "식픔창고량"에 관한 연구를 수행하므로써 합리적이고 일관성있는 영양표시기준 개선을 위한 기초자료로 활용코자 하였다. 이를 위하여 미국 및 캐나다를 중심으로 제외국의 현황 및 식품참고량 설정방법을 조사 ·연구 하으며 제도도입 및 개선 방안을 강구하였파. 또한, 시판 제품의 영양료시현황 및 음료류 둥의 포장단위 등을 피악하여 식품참고량설정을 위한 기초자료로 활용코자 하였다. 앞으로 국민건강 ·영양조사자료의 체계적인 통계분석, 가공식품의 섭취량조사 등을 통하여 우리나라 국민의 1인 1회 섭취량자료의 축적이 선행되어야 할 것이다. The purpose of this ?roject is to study on the reference amounts customarily consumed per eating occasion to improve the nutrition labelling standards. We Performed to study on the methodology to establish the reference amounts on the basis of the review on the advanced counITy's status. And we investigated the packaged unit ofprocessed foods. Further study is needed to establlsh the customarily consumed amount per eating occasionthrough the statistical analysis of nationwide food consumption data. Our results will be helpful information to improve nutrition labelling system in Korea.

건강식품 바이탈 및 비지놀의 抗疲勞 效果에 관한 연구

정경수,김혜경,김희수,김계양,곽영숙,김학범 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1993 藥學論文集 Vol.9 No.-

As a result of extensive research efforts on the oriental medicinal herbs, some of their interesting biological activities have been elucidated. In the present study, antifatigue effects of two natural food supplements consisting of oriental herbs, Vital and Vigilor, were investigated using the ICR mice. The mice were fed with antibiotic-free normal mouse feed containing Vital or Vigilor for 14,28, or 31 days and then subjected to forced swim tests. In a test carried out in melting-ice water, Vital and Vigilor significantly increased the exhaustion times of the 28 day-fed mice by 26.9 % (p < 0.01) and 16.2% (p < 0.05), respectively. However, in the other test performed at 15±0.5℃ using 31 day-fed mice, Vigilor failed to increase the exhaustion time significantly (at p< 0.05), while Vital showed antifatigue effect by increasing the swimming time by 29.9% (p<0.01). Neither of Vital nor Vigilor exerted antifatigue effects in a swim test carried out on day 14 after the initiation of feeding. These results suggest that Vital and Vigilor exhert antifatigue effets when administered for a sufficient period of time by enhancing the health of the host animals.

중년여성 레크리에이션 프로그램 효과 검증

김정현(Jung Hyun Kim),최혜련(Hye Lyeon Choi),이충영(Chung Young Lee) 한국사회체육학회 2011 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.43

This study aims to design recreation programs and provide them for middle aged women in order to decrease the levels of depression and stress, and improve the level of self-esteem that they experience. Special recreation programs serving for these purposes were invented by combining motions, dances, games and songs, and then applied to 374 middle aged women who resided in Kyung ki-Do and Chung chung-Do. A 5-point Likert type scale was used for the questions, and the same survey was carried out before and after the respondents participated in the recreation programs, in order to find whether the applied recreation programs were effective. The results of the quantitative analyses support the positive role of well-designed recreation programs: First, the recreation programs significantly decreased the level of depression of middle aged women; Second, they significantly reduced the level of stress of middle aged women, and; Finally they significantly improved the level of self-esteem of middle aged women.

韓日 中小企業 經營戰略의 比較硏究

金炯郁,李惠汀 홍익대학교 동북아연구소 1998 東北亞硏究 Vol.2 No.-

성폭력 피해여성의 경험에 관한 연구

정연강,권혜진,지순주,남선영,김경희 韓國學校保健學會 1996 韓國學校保健學會誌 Vol.9 No.1

This studies designed to work out a theoretical framework on the experience of sexual abuse from the perspective of grounded theory in an effort to provide more practical and efficient nursing intervention for female victims. The subcategories identified were "sexual abuse", "threatening", "absent mindness", "embarrassment", "horripilation", "dizziness", "wondrousness", "filthiness", "sexual curiousity", "violence level", "victim's age", "neighbors response", "victims personality", "common experience", "sexual abuse information", "family relations", "level of familiarity", "hiding", "suppression", "self-torture", "self-protection", 'avoidance", "asking aid", "withdrawal", "hatred", "confusion", "dodging", "remmant", and "pursuing". The 29 subcategories given above were further integrated into 16 categories such as "victimizedness", "being astounded", "filthiness", "degree", "developmental stage", "response pattern", "personality", "rarity", "infromation availability", "family support", "cover-up", "escaping", "informing", "negative internalization", and "positive pursuit of change". The core categories linked to all the other categories turned out to be "being taken aback" and "filthiness" incorporation the relevant subcategories. A total of 23 theoretical hypothesis emerged in the process of analyzing data. 1. the grater sexual curiosity, the weaker the senses of being taken aback and filthiness. 2. The weaker sexual curiosity, the stronger the senses of being taken aback and filthness. 3. The stronger the level of violence, The more violent the senses of being taken aback and filthiness. 4. The lower the level of violence, the weaker the senses of being taken aback and filthiness. 5. The younger the victims, the stronger the senses of being taken aback and filthness. 6. The older the victims, The weaker the senses of being taken aback and filthness. 7. 'Escaping' will transpire regardless of the given circumstances. 8. The weaker the senses of being taken aback and filthness, the more probable 'informing' and 'escaping' transpire. 9. The stronger the senses of being taken aback and filthness, the more probable 'informing' and 'escaping' transpire. 10. The more protective the response from 'informing' and 'escaping' transpire around, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'informing' and 'escaping'. 11. The more repelling the response from around, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 12. The more open minded the personality of subject, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 13. The more closed the personality of subject, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 14. The more frequent the experience of sexual abuse, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 15. The less frequent the experience of sexual abuse, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 16. The more available information concerning sexual abuse, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 17. The less available information concerning sexual abuse, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 18. The more cohesive the family of the subject, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 19. The less cohesive the family of the subject, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 20. The more familiar the subject is with the abuser, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 21.The less familiar the subjec is with the abuser, the more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' will be 'covering-up' and 'escaping'. 22. The more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthines' is 'informing' and 'escaping', the more positive changes the subject will pursue. 23. The more likely the response to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' is 'covering-up' and 'escaping', the more negative changes the subject will pursue. The following four hypothneses were conformed in the process of data analysis. 1) In case the level of violence is strong but 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' in weak because of strong sexual curiosity and also if information concerning sexual abuse is not readily available and the frequency is low, negative internationalization marked by 'covering-up' and 'escaping' will take place despite the fact the subject is open-minded, the family is cohesive and the abuser is unfamiliar. 2) In case the level of violence is weak but 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' is weak combined wit weak sexual curiosty and also if information concerning sexual abuse is readily available and the response from around is protective and the frequency is high, the subject will pursue positive changes to 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' , further aided by the fact that the subject is open-minded, the family is cohesive and the abuser is unfamilar. 3) In case the level of violence is strong but 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' is strong because of weak sexual curiosity and also if information concerning sexual abuse is reading available and the response from around is readily available and the response from around is protecvice and the frequency is low, the subject will persue positive changes marked by 'informing' and 'escaping' despit the fact that the family cohesion is weak and the abuser is familiar. 4) In case the level of violence is strong but 'being taken aback' and 'filthiness' is strong because of weak sexual curiosity and also if information concerning sexual abuse is not readily available and the response from around is respelling and the frequnecy is low negative internalization like 'covering-up' and 'escaping' will take place, further aggravated by the fact that the subject's personality is closed, family cohension is weak, and subject is familiar. On the basis of the above finding, it is recommended that nursing intervention should focus on promoting the milieu conductive to the victims pursuing positive changes along with the adequate aids from protection facilities as well as from the people around them.

한국여성에서 자궁내막증의 발생위험도와 Estrogen Receptor-α 유전자 다형성과의 관련성에 관한 연구

이사라,허성은,문혜성,김형래,정혜원 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2003 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.26 No.2

Objectives: To investigate whether polymorphism of gene encoding estrogen receptor-a is asso-ciated with the risk of endometriosis in Korean women. Material and Methods :We investigated 136 patients with histopathologically confirmed endo-metriosis rAFS stage III/IV and 251 control group women who were surgically proven to have no endometriosis. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of PCR products were done to determine each participant's estrogen receptor-a genotype. Results : The distridution according to PvuII genetic polymorphism of estrogen receptor-a were as follows. PP, Pp and pp were 14.7%(20 women), 39.0%(53 women) and 46.3%(63 women) in the study group and 13.9%(35 women), 38.6%(98 women) and 47.4%(119 women) in the con-trol group, respectively. There was no significant difference between the study group and the control group. Conclusion : The results suggest that estrogen receptor-a genetic polymorphism may not be associated with the development of endometriosis in Korean women. 목적: 자궁내막증은 에스트로겐에 의존적인 질환이므로 에스트로겐의 합성, 대사 및 작용에 관여하는 유전자의 다형성이 자궁내막증의 발생기전에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한국인 여성에서 에스트로겐 수용체-a의 유전자 다형성이 자궁내막증의 발생 위험도를 증가시키는 지에 대해 연구하고자 하였다. 방법: 1996년 9월부터 2003년 8월가지 본원 산부인과에서 수술을 통해 병리조직학적으로 자궁내막증 III기와 IV기를 확인한 한국인 여성 136명을 대상으로 하였다. 대조군은 자궁내막증 환자군과 연령이 비슷한 만삭 산모에서 제왕절개술을 시행하거나 양성 난소낭종으로 수술을 시행 하였을 때, 자궁내막증이 없음을 확인한 여성 251명 으로 하였다. 결과: ER-a 유전자의 PvuII 다형성의 분포는 자궁내막증 환자군에서 PP군이 20명(14.7%), Pp군이 53명(39.0%), pp군이 63명(46.3%) 이었고 대조군에서의 분포는 각각 35명(13.9%), 97명(38.7%), 119명(47.4%)으로 나타났으며 자궁내막증 환자군과 대조군 사이의 유의한 차이는 없었다. Pp, pp형을 가지는 경우가 자궁 내막증 환자의 85.3%(116명), 대조군의 86.1%(216명)로 나타났으며, 이 경우 자궁내막증이 발생할 odds ratio가 0.904(95% CI, 0.519~1.702)로 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 볼 때, 한국인 여성에서 자궁내막증의 발생위험과 에스트로겐 수용체 a 유전자 다형성간에 연관성은 없는 것으로 나타났다.

한국인 집단의 혈액과 태반에서의 Carbonic anhydrase와 Esterase D의 다형현상에 관한 연구

鄭瑢載,姜順子,金惠蘭 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1990 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.45 No.-

한국인 집단의 혈액과 태반 조직내에서의 carbonic anhydrase Ⅰ(CAⅠ), carbonic anhydraseⅡ(CAⅡ) 및 esterase D(EsD)효소에 대한 다형현상을 horizontal starch gel 전기영동법을 이용하여 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 혈액에서는 CAⅠ과 CAⅡ 동위효소는 각각 CAⅠ1과 CAⅡ1유형의 한가지 표현형만을 나타냈으며, 변이형은 한국인 집단에서 발견되지 않았다. 2. EsD 동위효소는 혈액과 태반에서 모두 EsD*1과 EsD*2의 2개 대립유전자가 발견되었으며 변이형은 발견되지 않았다. 3. 적혈구에서의 EsD좌위의 대립유전자 빈도는 EsD*1은 0.661, EsD*2는 0.339로 나타났다. 4. 태반에서 나타나는 EsD의 유전자 빈도는 EsD*1과 EsD*2가 각각 0.664와 0.336으로 나타났다. 5. 위의 결과를 근거로 한국인 집단에서의 CAⅠ, CAⅡ효소는 monomorphic하며 EsD는 polymorphic함을 알 수 있다. Genetic polymorphism of the placental and red blood cell enzyme, carbonic anhydrase 1(CA1), carbonic anhydrase 11(CA11) and esterase D(EsD) in korean population were examined by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Both of the CA1 and CA11 phenotypes were found to be only CAⅠ*1 and CAⅡ*1, respectively. No variant type was found in Korean population. 2. Two alleles, EsD*1 and EsD*2 were found in blood cell and placental extract, respectively no variant type was found. 3. The gene frequencies of EsD alleles in blood cell were calculated to be 0.661 for EsD^*1 and 0.339 for EsD^*2. 4. The gene frequencies of EsD alleles in placental extract were calculated to be 0.664 for EsD^*1 and 0.336 for EsD^*2. 5. Based on the above results, both CAⅠ and CAⅡ isozymes are monomorphic and EsD isozymes is polymorphic in Korean population.

아끼바레 및 밀양 23호 쌀전분의 이화학적 성질비교

정혜민,안승요,김성곤 한국응용생명화학회 1982 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.25 No.2

아끼바레 및 밀양 23호 쌀 전분의 이화학적 성질, 전분 gel의 노화 및 음이온에 의한 호화양상을 조사하였다. 두 전분입자의 성상은 다각형이며 입자의 크기는 3~6㎛정도였으며, 아끼바레가 밀양 23호 보다 다소 작았다. 두 전분의 X-ray 회절도는 A형으로 peak 형태와 강도에서 약간의 차이를 보였다. 아끼바레 및 밀양 23호 쌀 전분의 아밀로스 함량은 각각 18.5 및 19.5%이었고 물 결합능력은 106 및 100%이었다. 팽화력은 50℃까지는 큰 변화가 없었으나 이후에 급격히 증가하였고 밀양 23호 쌀 전분의 팽화력이 더 컸다. 전분 현탁액(0.1%)의 광투과도는 두 전분 모두 60℃ 이후에서 급격히 증가하였으며 밀양 23호 쌀 전분이 더 큰 광투과도를 보였다. 음이온에 의한 아밀로그람 pattern은 NaCl과 NaF는 동일하였고, NaSCN과 NaI는 유사였다. 호화온도 및 최고점도시의 온도는 SCN^(-)<I^(-)<Cl^(-)<F^(-)<SO₄^(=)의 순으로 증가하였고 SCN^(-) 및 I^(-)이온은 최고 점도를 증가시켰으나 NaCl은 감소시켰다. SO₄^(=)이온을 첨가한 경우 점도는 계속 증가하였고 최고점도에 도달하지 않았다. 아끼바레 및 밀양 23호 전분 gel율 21℃에서 저장한 경우 시간 상수가 각각 6.72 및 6.42일이었다. Morphology, pbysicochemical properties, pasting properties in the presence of various anionic ions and aging of gels of Akibare (Japoica type) and Milyang 39 (Indica type)rice starch were studied Both starches. were polygonal with length in the range of 3~6㎛. Starch granules of Akibare were somewhat smaller than those of Milyang 23. X-ray diffraction study demonstrated that peak shape and intensity were significantly different between the two starches. Akibare and Milyang 23 rice starch had amylose content of 18.5 and 19,5% and water binding capacity of 106 and 100%, respectively. Milyang 23 rice starch had a higher swelling power than Akibare starch. A relationship between percent solubility and swelling power implied that bonding forces within the granules of the both starches were different. The optical transmittance of 0.1% suspension of the two starches increased rapidly from 60℃. In the range of 60~90℃, the two starches showed a single gelatinization pattern. Amylograms of the two starches in the presence of various anionic ions showed that pasting temperature and peak temperature were progressively increased in the order of SCN-<I-<CI-<F-<SO₄=. SCN- and I- ions increased the peak height of Akibare rice starch white only SCN- ion was effective for Milyang 23 rice starch. There were no differences in the rates of retrogradation of 45% gels of the two starches stored at 21℃.

Streptococcus mutans의 gtfB 및 gtfC 유전자 발현에 대한 당의 영향

정혜진,김신,정진 대한소아치과학회 2007 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.34 No.2

Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt의 비수용성 글루칸을 합성하는 효소인 glucosyltransferase B 및 C의 mRNA 발현에 대한 각 당의 영향을 fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) 방법으로 관찰하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 1% 설탕이 함유된 BHI 배지에서 S. mutans Ingbritt를 접종하여 배양할 때 배양 9시간 째 gtfB 및 gtfC 유전자의 mRNA가 발현이 급격히 증가하였다. 2. BHI 액체배지에 설탕을 첨가한 경우 gtfB 및 gtfC 유전자의 mRNA가 발현되었으며, 10% 설탕을 첨가한 경우 1%와 5%보다 gtfB 및 gtfC 유전자의 발현이 감소되었다. 3. 1% 설탕이 첨가된 BHI 액체 배지에 당을 첨가한 경우 포도당은 10% 첨가하였을 때 gtfB 및 gtfC 유전자의 mRNA 발현이 감소하였고, 과당의 경우 1% 첨가한 경우 감소하여 5%와 10%에서는 gtfB 및 gtfC 유전자가 거의 발현되지 않았다. 4. 자일리톨의 경우 1%부터 gtfB 및 gtfC 유전자 mRNA 발현이 대조군보다 감소하였고, 5%와 10%에서는 두 유전자 모두 발현이 현저하게 감소하였다. 5. 유당의 경우 두 유전자의 발현에 거의 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 관찰되었고, 솔비톨의 경우 각 농도에서 두 유전자의 발현이 대조군보다 감소하였다. 결론적으로 비수용성 글루칸 합성하는 gtfB 및 gtfC 유전자의 mRNA 발현이 포도당, 과당, 자일리톨 첨가에 의해 감소함을 알 수 있었다. Insoluble glucan is the important component of oral biofilm, which is synthesized from sucrose through the action of glucosyltransferase (GTF) B and GTF C encoded by the gtfB and gtfC genes, respectively of Streptococcus mutans. In present study, the effects of various sugars on the mRNA expression of gtfB and gtfC of S. mutans Ingbritt were examined by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). The mRNA of gtfB and gtfC was expressed normally in the BHI broth containing 1% and 5% sucrose. The mRNA expression was decreased by the addition of 10% of glucose, and 1%, 5% and 10% of fructose. Lactose had no great effect on the expression of gtfB and gtfC 5% and 10% of xylitol greatly reduced the mRNA expression of gtfB and gtfC. Sorbitol slightly decreased the mRNA expression of gtfB and gtfC when compared to the control. In summary, mRNA expression of gtfB and gtfC was decreased by the addition of glucose, fructose, and xylitol.

화학발광(Chemiluminescence)법을 이용한 식품 오염 미생물의 측정

김윤미,이혜련,정신교 경북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2006 慶北大農學誌 Vol.24 No.-

Ultraweak photons could be emitted from the chemical reaction without any electromagnetic radient. These chemiluminescence could be detected by highly sensible photomultiplier recently. We will introduce the principal of chemiluminescence generation reaction, and the application studies in the determination of food-borne microorganisms in field. The counts of surface contaminated microorganism in mackeral and chicken for cold storage determined by ATP-chemiluminescence method had good correlation with the counts by standard agar plate method. However, there was little correlation between 2 methods in ginseng powder whose microbial counts were lower than 10,000 CFU.