죽음에 관한 주관성 연구

정혜경,김경희,윤은자,류은정,염순교,정연강,권혜진 대한간호학회정신간호학회 1999 정신간호학회지 Vol.8 No.1

The purpose of this study is, by using Q-methodology, to classify the type of attitude for the general public about the death and to understand the specific characters of each type. Q-population was investigated by referring to relevant records and interviewing with the general public and the experts. The final 40 of Q-sample was selected and the data was collected through P-sample, randomly chosen 32 people around Seoul and Kyung-gi area. After analyzing, 4 types were found. Type 1 is aiming for the future life. They believe firmly the future life. They feel certain that eh death means starting for eternal life rather than being afraid of the death or having a despair. Type 2 is valuing reality. They do their best for the reality of life. They take up a positive attitude toward completing their life with responsibilities even at the situation of confronting death have a right to know when they will be dead. They should have enough time to prepare for death. Type 4 is devoting for society. Even though there is only one life, people think that devoting their life for justice is very important. Through the result of this study, people's agreement for nobility and importance of life were found same. It is reconfirmed that instead of being dead suddenly, if it's possible, they want to know the fact of dying to have time to prepare for their death. Also, the fact that everyone has the fear of death is confirmed.

Effects of dietary supplementation with probiotic CS-A on performance in broiler chickens

Seong Soo Kang1*, Se Eun Kim, Ara Go, Kyung Mi Shim, Chun Sik Bae, Chang Jong Moon, Sung-Ho Kim, Jong-Choon Kim, Jin-Cheol Yoo, Seung Sik Cho 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2012 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.13 No.3

Probiotics, enzymes, organic acids, oligosaccharides, antioxidants, and other functional materials are actively being explored as alternatives to antibiotics. Probiotics include live beneficial microorganisms that colonize the intestinal tract and competitively inhibit attachment and growth of harmful microbes. Probiotics also increase feed efficiency by assisting in nutrient absorption and digestion. The current study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of a new probiotic, CS-A, as a dietary supplement of a fermented product on growth performance, feed intake, and feed conversion efficiency in broiler chickens, and to evaluate its value as an alternative for antibiotics used as a feed additive. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of CS-A were investigated in vitro and the in vivo effects of a constant concentration of supplemented CS-A on growth rate and feed efficiency were evaluated. In addition, the safety of CS-A was assessed by examination of common symptoms and mortality. Determination of minimal inhibitory concentration revealed an excellent antibacterial effect of CS-A. Cytotoxicity was low and anti-inflammatory effects were achieved at the effective concentration of CS-A. Supplementation with 0.1% CS-A resulted in a feed efficiency score of 1.84 in broilers, compared to 2.00 in the control group. There were no adverse clinical findings, necropsy findings, hematology, and altered serum biochemistry parameters, and no mortality. Thus, it is concluded that CS-A is safe and effective as a feed additive.

중년여성의 약물사용 실태 조사

이영선,김은경,김경숙,강경인,김희선,신성희,김은숙,최지선,신혜숙,황선기 여성건강간호학회 2001 여성건강간호학회지 Vol.7 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the drug use of middle aged women. The subject consisted of 330 middle aged women who ranged in age from 40 to 60 years. They were selected in Seoul, Kyung-Ki province, Korea. Data were collected by using questionnaires, from April, 10th to 30th 2001 and analyzed by the SPSS PC+ program using qui-square. The results are summarized as follows ; 1. The proportion of drinking and smoking experience was 42.4%, 3.7%. The motivation of drug use was advised family and relatives(46.1%), doctor's order(39.4%), magazine and advertisement(14.5%). Most of middle aged women get the information on knowledge of drug from hospital(47.3%), magazines and advertisement(30.3%), advised family and relatives(22.4%). And 57.9% of the middle aged women didn't know side effect of the using drug and 13.9% of the middle aged women have had experienced with side effect. And the level of attitude on drug abuse in middle aged women was 43%. Most of the subjects(93.9%) didn't use alternative drugs, and they used more than 3 kinds of drugs(47%). 2. They used digestives(44.2%), applying ointments(41.8%), drinks(39.4%), analgesics(39.1%), laxatives(8.8%), anti hypertension drugs (8.8%), and anti-anemic drugs(8.8%) in their orders.

식사대용 식품(Ready-to-eat meals) 중 병원성 세균의 분포와 항생제 감수성 양상

홍은경,김윤아,이도경,강병용,하남주,Hong, Eun-Kyung,Kim, Yun-A,Lee, Do-Kyung,Kang, Byung-Yong,Ha, Nam-Joo 한국미생물학회 2006 미생물학회지 Vol.42 No.4

본 연구에서는 2005년 11월부터 2006년 3월 초까지 497개의 초밥, 김밥, 샌드위치 등의 식사대용 식품 검체를 수거하여 식품공전을 토대로 식사대용 식품에서 유래되는 미생물학적 인 오염도를 조사하고, 현대 사회에서 항생제 사용의 오남용으로 항생제 내성이 심각한 상황을고려하여 분리된 균에 대한 항생제 감수성 양상에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 수거된 검체를 실험한 결과 김밥에서 4개(1.4%)의 Escherichia coli가 분리되었고, 초밥, 샌드위치 등에서는 분리되지 앓았다. 또한 김밥에서 12개(4.4%), 초밥에서 8개(5.4%), 샌드위치에서 2개(4.3%)로 총22개(4.4%)의 Staphylococcus aureus가 분리되었다. 식사대용 식품에서 분리된 26개의 균주로 National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS)의 기준에 의거하여 vancomycin, teicoplanin, gentamycin, cipro-floxacin, synercid, cefotaxime, lincomycin, meropenem, cefazolin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid으로 총 10개의 항생제를 사용하여 E. coli와 S. aureus의 항생제 감수성 양상을 파악해 보고자 하였다. 실험 결과 식사대용 식품에서 분리된 E. coli 4균주의 항생제 감수성 양상은 그람 음성균 치료에 주로 사용되는 항생제인 gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxine, meropenem, cefazolin에 대해서는 감수성이 높다고 판단되었으나 amoxicillin-clavulanic acid에 대해서는 내성을 나타내었고, S. aureus의 항생제 감수성은 비교적 높다고 판단되었다. This study was performed in order to measure the level of food-borne pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance pattern of found ready to eat meals such as Him-bap, Cho-bap, Hamburger, Sandwich and packed lunch boxes. A total of 497 samples were collected from supermarket and department of Seoul, Kyung-ki, Inctleon, Kang-won, Chung-Cheong from November, 2005 to March, 2006. The contaminated microorganisms were in most cases tract relative strain like E. coli and S. aureus. Result have shown E. coli was detected 4 strains and S. aureus was detected 22 strains. 26 strains were also tested the antibiotic resistance pattern. 26 strains were shown to be relatively susceptible to synercid, vancomycin, teicoplanin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, lincomycn, cefotaxime, meropenem, cephalosporin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid by the MIC dilution method, but E. coli 1 strain was resistant to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.

데이터 마이닝을 이용한 부산지역 여대생들의 메이크업 경향

강은란,한경희,장일동 한국미용학회 2001 한국미용학회지 Vol.7 No.3

Recently the quality of life has enhanced and the personal originality revelation has been diversified. Accordingly the concern of beauty art has been increased. As a part of total fashion the make-up became more important because women who follow occupation have increased. In this thesis I analysed the modem pattern of make-up by the association rules technique using data mining, studying about the preference of color, darkness of skin color, Kohonen network grouping, the preference of color based on the color darkness. The preferred darkness of color of red, blue, pink, basic brown, others is classified by five level; very dark(o.91%, 2persons), a little dark(6.36%, 14persons), normal(33.91%, 64persons), a little mild(47.27%,104persons), very mild(11.62%, 26persons). The result of this study showed that university girls in Busan area prefer to make up with light tone and the preference order of make-up skin color was basic brown, blue, others, pink, red. In the major level of a little mild level the make-up color preference order was basic brown, blue, red, pink, others. For the cheek make-up, the color preference order was very mild(38.18%, 84persons), a little mild(29.09%, 64persons), normal(21.82%, 48persons), a little dark(3.64%, 8persons). University girls who prefer to make up a little mild preferred basic brown color and those who make up a little dark preferred blue. For the nail make-up, the color preference order was very mild(33.64%, 74persons), normal(25.24%, 56persons), a little mild( 19.09%.42persons), a little dark(9.09%, 20persons), very dark(2.73%, 6persons). University girls preferred to make up nails with very mild tone. According to the Kohonen network five preference group have been made and generally the girls changed their hair color. Specially group 2 and group 5 were the main groups. Recently the make-up pattern changed and the trend of make-up became deluxe. Therefore the necessity of make-up marketing database increased so much and using this pattern analysis, we can build a customer differentiation strategy and have a priority over the competitors.

6,7-O-Dibenzyl-1,2-O-Isopropylidene 1,2,6,7-Tetrahydroxy-Hept-3-ene의 합성(Ⅱ)

강혜경,마은숙 대구효성가톨릭대학교 응용과학연구소 1995 응용과학연구논문집 Vol.4 No.-

Compactin, isolated from Penicillium brevicompactum by Brown and from P. citrinum by Endo, has hypocholesterolemic activity. The key structure of its activity was known β-hydroxy δ-lacone portion. In our ex-periments, 6, 7-O-dibenzyl-1, 2-O-isopropylidene-1, 2, 6, 7-tetrahydroxy-hept-3-ene(Ⅷ) was synthesized as intermediate for synthesis of β-hdyroxy δ-lacone por-tion. 4-Hydroxymethyl-2-penyl-1, 3-dioxane(Ⅰ) was prepared by the reaction of (S)-(-)-1, 2, 4-butantriol and benzaldehyde dimethylacetal and 4-(O-benzylmethyl)-2-phenyl-1, 3-dioxane(Ⅱ)was obtained by reductive cleavage of compound(Ⅱ)with LiAlH_4 and AlCl_3 anhydrous. 1, 2-O-dibenzyl-1, 2-dihydroxybutyl bromide(Ⅳ) was prepared from compound(Ⅲ_a) by bromination with N-bromosuccinimide(NBS) and the reaction of compound(Ⅳ) and triphenylphosphine produced 1, 2-O-dibenzyl-1, 2-dihydroxybutyl tri-phenylphosphonium bromide(Ⅴ). On the other hand, the reaction with d-mannitol and 2, 2-dimethoxypropane produced 1,2: 5,6-bis-O-isopropylidene-d-mannitol(Ⅵ), and (s)-1, 2-isopropylidene glyceral-dehyde(Ⅶ) was synthesized by the reaction of lead tetraacetate and compound(Ⅵ). The Wittig reaction with phosphonium salt(Ⅴ), glyceraldehyde(Ⅶ) and n-butyllithium pro-duced compound(Ⅷ). The structures of these compounds were identified by means of ^1H-NMR, ^13NMR and IR spectra.

미디어 산업에서 여성인력의 현황과 지위개선에 관한 연구 : 신문 분야를 중심으로

강미은,김경희 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구소 2005 아시아여성연구 Vol.44 No.1

본 연구에서는 현재 신문사내 여성인력의 구조가 어떠한지를 분석하고, 뉴스생산과정에서 의사결정구조가 어떻게 이루어지는지를 고찰했다. 편집권 행사 과정에 여성이 얼마나 참여하고 있는지, 편집권력에 여성이 참여하지 못하는 이유는 무엇인지를 집중적으로 분석했다. 또한 여성인력이 신문사에 많이 진출하게 되면, 신문의 내용이 달라지는지를 분석했다. 이를 위해 여성장관 보도에 있어서 여성기자와 남성기자의 보도 경향을 비교 분석해 보았다. 연구결과를 종합하면, 여성기자는 남성기자 보다 여성장관에 대해 긍정적으로 보도했으며, 여성기자가 남성기자보다 성인지력이 높은 뉴스를 구성하고 있었다. 여성기자는 남성기자보다 도전적 여성상을 묘사하고 있으며 여성화합적인 보도를 하고 있었다. 또한 신문사 내의 여성 전문 인력에 대한 심층 인터뷰는 앞으로 조직 내의 성장 장애 요건들이 개선되기 위해서 어떤 점이 변화되어야 하는가를 보여준다. 고용 차별을 개선하기 위해서 여성 인력의 커리어 개발 시스템이 필요하다. 여성이 조직 안팎에서 성장하기 위해서 리더십 훈련을 할 필요가 있으며 간부들의 성인지력 훈련도 선행되어야 한다. 옴부즈맨이나 미디어 모니터를 강화해서 지면에 나타나는 성차별적인 컨텐츠에 대해서 인식시킬 필요가 있다. This study examines the structure of decision-making process in the newspaper industry. The way in which women reporters are placed in newspaper companies influences how gender-related articles are written. Also, this study investigates how women ministers are represented in various news articles. There were significant differences between the ways female reporters and male reporters write about women ministers. women reporters produce articles with more respect t gender equality. They represent women ministers in more positive ways. The results show that the gender of reporters influences the way news articles are written in respect to gender equality. In order to promote more active gender mainstreaming in newspapers, more women reporters need to be hired and promoted in newspaper companies. Also, more women reporters need to be involved in important decision making processes in newspapers. In-depth interviews with women reporters show some of the factors prohibiting women reporters from being promoted. Career development systems are necessary in order to place women reporters in higher-level jobs. Also, gender mainstreaming needs to be promoted among newspaper reporters regardless of their gender. Gender-sensitive awareness needs to be placed among reporters. Guidelines are needed to make gender-related articles better. Overall, more educational efforts need to be placed in order to promote gender equality in newspaper articles as well as newspaper organizations.

베체트병에서 비스테로이드성 소염진통제에 의해 발생한 대량 소장출혈 1예

강인숙,류연주,장지은,정성애,이지수,조영주,이경은,이지희 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2003 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.26 No.2

Bechet's disease(BD) is a chronic inflammatoroy condition involving several organs inclu-ding gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal tracts involvement in BD has been identified throughout the entire alimentary tract and commonly accompanies ulcerative lesions in the small and large bowel. It is debatable whether BD could be included among seronegative spondyloarthropathy (SPA).SPA usually occurs without overt sign of intestinal inflammation, but significant number of patients have asymptomatic intestinal inflammation, usually affecting ileum. Since most patients with SPA in-cluding BD are treated with NSAIDS. However, NSAID may play a role in aggravation or provo-cation of intestinal inflammation. Special attention to asymptomatic intestinal inflammation is needed, especially when NSAIDs are used for management of arthritic symptom in SpA. We experienced a case of BD which was complicated by a massive small bowel bleeding precipitated by NSAID use. 저자들은 베체트병 환자에서 비스테로이드성 소염진통제 사용 후 발생한 대량 소장 출혈의 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

신경 교차연결 후 흰쥐 골격근섬유의 마이오신 동질형의 변화

이종은,이원택,강유선,박경아 대한해부학회 1994 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.27 No.3

백모동에 의한 IgE 생성의 증가

강부경,이종섭,신태용,이은희,김형민 원광대학교 생명공학연구소 1996 생명공학연구소보 Vol.4 No.1

We determined for IgE in serum based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) in vivo after intraperitoneal injection of Solanum lyratum extract for 14 days. The experiment showed as well whole spleen cells that Solanum lyratum extract enhanced IgE production in vivo. Solanum lyratum extract significantly facilitated the production of IgE by LPS-stimulated murine spleen cells. Solanum lyratum THUNB. also enhanced IgE production from mouse whole spleen cells. Lypopolysaccharide(LPS) stimulated IgE production was enhanced 1.4-fold to 2.7-fold by the addition of Solanum lyratum extract over a period of 7 days.