釜山市人口增加率에 따른 上水道擴張計劃에 對한 上水道의 動脈線(上)

尹快俊 東亞大學校 1964 東亞論叢 Vol.2 No.2

Water is one of the most indispensable necessaries in human life. Though at present towards 68waterworks facilities supply no less than 600,000 ton of clean water, whose rate per capita for a day shows lower compared with the advanced countries.In five great cities including Seoul in this country,they are desparately in shortage of water supply for both drink and engineering. In this thesis, the writer tries to revise all kinds of short-sighted means of waterworks Pusan City has initially established with streamlets only, into a large-scaled one in preparation for a prompt population increase by not later than 1985 with groping some main artery water lines. As the table 9 shows, the annual rainfall does'nt suffice the total necessary amount for expanding population, so Pusan City is strenuously probing for an artificial means of waterworks, cultivating flumes of Naktong River with both routes of "Naktong-Hoedong" and "Mulkum-Kupo". However, The plan of water conduction from Naktong River much deviates from a standard one in the points that water does'nt be irrigated in clean re-servior from its conducting position, only passing through Hoedong Reservior with such preferable points as followings: 1. Standing water in Hoedong Reservior is capable to avail all the year round 2. In rainy season drawing works might be saved, 3. Flume pipes necessary for futher waterworks in preparation for popula-tion increase would much be cut down, etc. In near future, with expansion of the city,said "Mulkum-Kupo" route would be supplemented by the "Sasang-Hoedong-Kamchon"line as a subsidiary route. This plan will perhaps curtail lots of flume pipes,making profitable in hydrau-lic pressure disposition. From this point of view,demand for water supply to Pusan City will be de-pendent mainly upon Naktong River for 10 years hereafter,and for the increased population in Pusan by 1985,the Mulkum-Kupo route would fairly be competent together with for its coastal area.

어머니의 발달지체유아에 대한 유관적 상호작용 행동 중재 효과 연구

정계숙,윤갑정 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 2001 영유아보육연구 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in contingent interaction behaviors of mothers with developmentally delayed young children through the intervention program for better mother-child interactions. The subjects were four children with developmental delays and their mothers who not received parent education program ever. The intervention program was consisted of 16 sessions and each session had intervention activities which were selected to improve negative and non-contingent interaction behaviors between mothers and their young children with developmental delays. The effects of the mother-child interaction program were presented by analyzing the changes in the frequencies of contingent interaction behaviors, each of attempts and responses behaviors, between children and their mothers and describing the characteristic behaviors which explained the changes of their contingent interaction behaviors through the analysis of the play behavior episodes between each dyads. The effects of the program were as follows. First, the frequencies of contingent attempt and response behaviors of the mothers increased through the mother-child interaction intervention program. Second, the contingent attempt and response behaviors of the mothers were improved qualitatively through the mother-child interaction intervention program. The results were discussed on the point of developing the better intervention program practices for mothers with young children with developmental delays and suggested some implications for it.

Oridonin Alleviates Visceral Hyperalgesia in a Rat Model of Postinflammatory Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Role of Colonic Enterochromaffin Cell and Serotonin Availability

Kai-hong Zang,Yun-yun Shao,Xiao Zuo,Zhi Rao,Hongyan Qin 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.6

The aim of this present study was to investigate the effect of oridonin on visceral hyperalgesia and colonic serotonin availability in a rat model of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced postinflammatory irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). Rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control, PI-IBS model, PI-IBS+low-dose oridonin (5 mg/kg), PI-IBS+median-dose oridonin (10 mg/kg), and PI-IBS+high-dose oridonin (20 mg/kg). Rats in control and model groups were orally administered with water by gavage, whereas rats in oridonin-treated groups were orally administered with different dosages of oridonin, and drugs were given for 14 consecutive days. Compared with the control group, the pain threshold pressure was significantly reduced in PI-IBS rats. The colonic enterochromaffin (EC) cell number, serotonin content, and the protein expression of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) were markedly increased and the protein expression of serotonin reuptake transporter was significantly decreased in PI-IBS rats. The spleen index in PI-IBS rats was decreased, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-13 in the colon of PI-IBS rats were also markedly decreased. Oridonin treatment dose dependently increased pain threshold pressure, and markedly decreased colon EC cell numbers, TPH expression, and serotonin content in PI-IBS rats. Oridonin treatment also significantly increased the spleen index as well as the levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-13 in the colon of PI-IBS rats. Results of this study demonstrate that the analgesic effect of oridonin in PI-IBS rats is associated with reduced colonic EC cell hyperplasia and 5-HT availability, the regulatory effect of oridonin on colonic cytokine production may be correlated with its effect on colonic EC cell number.

The basic helix–loop–helix transcription factors in the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata

Kai-Yun Fu,Qing-Wei Meng,Feng-Gong Lüa,Wen-Chao Guo,Tursun Ahmat,Guo-Qing Li 한국응용곤충학회 2015 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.18 No.2

The basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors possess crucial functions in cell proliferation, determination, differentiation, cell cycle maintenance and homeostasis or stress response pathways. Since a few juvenile hormone analogues such as hydroprene, methoprene and pyriproxyfen targeting a bHLH member Met are already registered for pest management, there is a potential to develop more insecticides targeting various bHLHs. The identification of bHLH members is the first step. Based on the transcriptome and the genome of the Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata, the most important pest in potato, 49 bHLH members were identified. All LdbHLH memberswere defined by their names and families according to various phylogenetic analyses with bHLH homologues of Drosophila melanogaster, Apis mellifera, Bombyx mori and Tribolium castaneum. Among these LdbHLHs, 17, 10, 10, 1, 10 and 1 members belonged to A, B, C, D, E and F high-order groups, respectively. The results would provide useful background information for future studies on functions of bHLH proteins in the regulation of L. decemlineata development. Moreover, the bHLHs could serve as potential insecticide targets. These proteins could be used in small molecule screen, or in the development of RNAi-based pest management methods.

Effect of patient decision aids on choice between sugammadex and neostigmine in surgeries under general anesthesia: a multicenter randomized controlled trial

Wang Li-Kai,Lin Yao-Tsung,Chen Jui-Tai,Lan Winnie,Hung Kuo-Chuan,Chen Jen-Yin,Liu Kuei-Jung,Yen Yu-Chun,Chou Yun-Yun,Cherng Yih-Giun,Tam Ka-Wai 대한마취통증의학회 2023 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.76 No.4

Background: Shared decision making using patient decision aids (PtDAs) was established over a decade ago, but few studies have evaluated its efficacy in Asian countries. We therefore evaluated the application of PtDAs in a decision conflict between two muscle relaxant reversal agents, neostigmine and sugammadex, and sequentially analyzed the regional differences and operating room turnover rates.Methods: This multicenter, outcome-assessor-blind, randomized controlled trial included 3,132 surgical patients from two medical centers admitted between March 2020 and August 2020. The patients were randomly divided into the classical and PtDA groups for pre-anesthesia consultations. Their clinicodemographic characteristics were analyzed to identify variables influencing the choice of reversal agent. On the day of the pre-anesthesia consultation, the patients completed the four SURE scale (sure of myself, understand information, risk-benefit ratio, encouragement) screening items. The operating turnover rates were also evaluated using anesthesia records. Results: Compared with the classical group, the PtDA group felt more confident about receiving sufficient medical information (P < 0.001), felt better informed about the advantages and disadvantages of the medications (P < 0.001), exhibited a superior understanding of the benefits and risks of their options (P < 0.001), and felt surer about their choice (P < 0.001). Moreover, the PtDA group had a significantly greater tendency to choose sugammadex over neostigmine (P < 0.001). Conclusions: PtDA interventions in pre-anesthesia consultations provided surgical patients with clear knowledge and better support. PtDAs should be made available in other medical fields to enhance shared clinical decision-making.

A Cooperative Guidance Approach Based on the Finite-Time Control Theory for Hypersonic Vehicles

Kai An,Zhen-yun Guo,Wei Huang,Xiao-ping Xu 한국항공우주학회 2022 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.23 No.1

A distributed time cooperative guidance method based on the finite-time control theory is proposed to solve the salvo attack problem of multi-hypersonic vehicles in the three-dimensional space. Firstly, the second-order system is defined with the relative distance and the total leading angle as the state variables, and the finite-time controller is designed based on the multi-agent cooperative control theory for achieving the consistency of system. Novelty, taking the influence of parameters on the cooperative guidance results into account, an adaptive weight function is designed to replace the traditional constant coefficient to optimize guidance results. Then, the motion of vehicle in three-dimensional space is divided into two planes, the proportional navigation guidance (PNG) is applied in longitudinal and the lateral acceleration can be obtained via the finite-time controller and longitudinal acceleration. It is significant to establish the lateral leading angle finite-time convergence guidance law to compensate the lateral acceleration to accelerate the convergence speed. Furthermore, the biased term of terminal impact angle control is applied in PNG to achieve the terminal attack in arbitrary angle. Finally, the feasibility and robustness are verified by numerical simulations.

Adaptive ILC of Tracking Nonrepetitive Trajectory for Two-dimensional Nonlinear Discrete Time-varying Fornasini-Marchesini Systems with Iteration-varying Boundary States

Kai Wan,Yun-Shan Wei 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2021 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.19 No.1

Most of adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) algorithms focus on one-dimensional (1-D) systems,rather than two-dimensional (2-D) systems. This brief is first concerned with AILC for 2-D nonlinear discrete timevarying Fornasini-Marchesini system (NDTVFMS) with nonrepetitive reference trajectory under iteration-varyingboundary states. By using Lyapunov analysis method, it can guarantee that the ultimate tracking error tends to zeroasymptotically, and make all identified parameters and system signals to be bounded as iteration number goes toinfinity. Two illustrative examples are used to validate the effectiveness of the designed AILC approach

Facile Preparation of Novel Hierarchically Porous Carbon at the Molecular Level for Supercapacitor Electrode Application

Kai Li,Wei-Bin Zhang,Zhi-Yun Zhao,Yue Zhao,Xi-Wen Chen,Ling-Bin Kong 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2018 NANO Vol.13 No.08

Hierarchically porous carbons are obtained by a facile process of carbonizing the precursor of diblock copolymer xPS-b-polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). In the diblock copolymer, there is a carbon source of cross-linked polystyrene (xPS) and a sacrificial block of PMMA. The atom transfer radical polymerization was used to synthesize the diblock copolymer with controlled molecular weight and narrow polydispersity in dimethylformamide at 120 ℃. The obtained hierarchically porous carbons (HPCs) exhibit remarkable electrochemical properties, such as higher specific capacitance of 204 Fg -1 at the current density of 0.5Ag -1 in 6 mol L -1 aqueous KOH electrolyte. In addition, it also presents an excellent rate performance of 64% capacitance retention as the current density increases to 10Ag -1 and a superior cycling stability of 98% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles at the current density of 1Ag -1.

Nonruminant Nutrition : Evaluation of Un-fasted Pig Stomach Spent Feed as a Substitute in Finishing Pigs Diet

( Kai Kaingmean ),( Jun Yeob Lee ),( Myeong Ho Lee ),( Sang Yun Ji ),( Hong Gil Moon ),( Sang Jip Ohh ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2011 한국축산학회지 Vol.53 No.6

Insufficient pre-slaughter fasting leaves serious amount of feed-like contents(designated here as un-fasted stomach spent feed, USSF) in the eviscerated pig stomach. This study was intended to evoke economical and environmental seriousness of USSF discharge by estimating its value as pig feed. For finishing pigs feeding trial, three levels(0, 5, and 10%) of USSF were blended with pig feed to prepare control and two treatment diets, respectively. A total of 42(21 males, 21 females) crossbred (Landrace× Yorkshire×Duroc) finishing pigs weighing 81.5±8.0kg were employed to 28d feeding trial and in vivo digestibility trial by Cr2O3 indicator method with 7 males and 7 female pigs per treatment. In vitro total tract digestion of USSF showed 70.5% and 57.6% of DM and OM digestibilities, respectively which were poorer(p<0.05) than those of pig diet. There were no differences in body weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio among treatments although 10% USSF substitution exerted relatively poor performance. In vivo apparent digestibilities of diets containing USSF 5% and 10% were lower(p<0.05) than that of 100% pig feed. There were no differences(p>0.05) in dressing percentage and carcass grade among treatments. Results of this study showed that 5% USSF substitution in finishing pigs diet did not exert any disadvantage in terms of production performance and carcass grade. This study implied that un-fasted slaughter causing excessive excretion of USSF should be avoided. If not avoidable, the USSF should not be wasted in abattoir but could be recycled as pig feed.

Osteopontin enhances sperm capacitation and in vitro fertilization efficiency in boars

( Yun Chen ),( Kai Wang ),( Shouquan Zhang ) 한국축산학회 2022 한국축산학회지 Vol.64 No.2

In this study, we used more reliable experimental materials and methods to detect the effects of osteopontin (OPN) on boar sperm in vitro capacitation, acrosome reaction, and fertilization efficiency. We reorganized and obtained the OPN protein of the porcine source. Immunofluorescence and Western blot show the localization and expression of the OPN protein before and after sperm capacitation. To determine whether OPN can affect sperm during sperm capacitation, we examined cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations after sperm capacitation, and the results showed that OPN significantly increased the cAMP concentration in sperm (p < 0.05). Flow cytometry showed that 0.1 μg/mL OPN-treated sperm had better acrosome reaction ability. In vitro fertilization (IVF) showed that 0.1 μg/mL OPN significantly increased the rate of embryo division. In conclusion, this study found that 0.1 μg/mL porcine OPN protein can significantly improve porcine capacitated sperm motility, cAMP concentration after capacitation sperm, acrosome reaction ability, and embryo division during IVF and provides new clues to explore the mechanism of OPN’s function on sperm.