Impact of the oxygen functional group of nitric acid‑treated activated carbon on KOH activation reaction

Ji‑Hyun Kim,Sang Youp Hwang,Jung Eun Park,Gi Bbum Lee,Ho Kim,Seokhwi Kim,Bum Ui Hong 한국탄소학회 2019 Carbon Letters Vol.29 No.3

To prepare activated carbon with a high specific surface area, oxygen functional groups (OFGs) that can serve as useful electron donors during KOH activation were treated with nitric acid and incorporated into activated carbon. OFGs are incorporated differently according to the surface characteristics of starting materials. Up to 22.46% OFGs are incorporated into wood-based activated carbons (WACs), the C=O, COOH contents was 1.90, 17.05%, respectively. Whereas up to 12.82% OFGs are incorporated into coconut shell-based activated carbons, the C=O, COOH contents was 4.12, 6.15%, respectively. The OFGs used for increasing the specific surface area are the carbonyl group, and as the content of the functional group increases, the carbonyl group spreads to the carboxyl group. The specific surface area of activated carbons increased by 10–68% with an increase in the carbonyl group up to 6% (maximum point of carbonyl group). On the other hand, the specific surface area for WACs increased when the carboxyl group was 10% or below, but decreased by 6–15% when it increased to 10% or excess.

유방암의 위와 대장전이

유현아,김은영,서민지,정은,조민정,오현진,장지혜,박지찬,이정의,박석영 이화여자대학교 의과학연구소 2014 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.37 No.2

Gastric metastasis from breast cancer is rare and only six cases have been reported in Korea. Colon metastasis is more rare than gastric metastasis. We report a 63-year-old woman with gastric and colon metastases of invasive lobular carcinoma of breast. She was diagnosed as right breast cancer, received right modified radical mastectomy 10 years ago and has been treated with chemotherapy and hormone therapy. Investigating for melena and a small caliber of stool, we found gastric and colon metastases. The diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer was made through gross pathologic and immunohistochemistry staining. We report a case with gastric and colon metastases from breast cancer and a review of the associated six case reports in Korea.

Production and Characterization of Enzymes Involved in Chitin Catabolic Cascade from a Bacterial Strain Isolated from Soil

( Ji Hyun Lee ),( Jeong In Lee ),( So Yeon Park ),( Yoo Kyeong Jang ),( You Bin Lim ),( Hye Yoon Lee ),( Young Min Jung ),( Hae Chang Lee ),( Jong Hwa Lee ),( Shaheen Amna ),( Jae Kweon Park ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2019 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The present study was aimed to isolate the bacteria producing chitinolytic enzymes including chitin deacetylase (CDA) from soil origin. About 24 bacteria were screened for their chitinolytic enzymes producing ability on the basis of colloidal chitin. Amongst one of the most potent isolates designated to JI-02 was further selected as the most prominent chitinolytic and CDAlike enzyme (CDA-X) producer based on the ability of deacetylation of an artificial substrate pNP-acetamilide. The maximum production of CDA-X in crude enzyme from JI-02 was observed in the presence of 1% colloidal chitin at 37°C and pH 6.4 after 120 h of incubation. Potent enzyme activity of CDA-X was determined toward pNP-acetamilide, demonstrating that optimal pH, temperature and ionic strength of the CDA-X were assessed to be 7.0, 52°C and 125 mM, respectively. Unexpectedly, Nacetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) was not fully converted by the action of CDA-X to glucosamine (GlcN) under the established conditions. Further study on enzyme activity toward chitin-oligosaccharides consisting of multi-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)n, n=2-5 may be necessary to elucidate the mode of action which requires the minimum size of (GlcNAc)n. However, our data suggest that CDA-X can convert chitin to chitosan with the maximum yield of approximately 0.08g/L during the fermentation of the strain in the presence of chitin. Furthermore, we found that crude enzyme showed the significant chitosanolytic activity. Taken together, our data suggest that the strain JI-02 may be a potential candidate as a particular strain for better understating of chitin catabolic pathway.

축구선수의 Detraining과 Retraining이 혈청지질 및 호르몬농도에 미치는 영향

정정화,박재현,채종훈,성혜련,황지인,윤미숙,노금선,윤종관,윤영학,노순덕,정경숙,박일규,김은희,박현태,박상갑 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of detraining and retraining on serum lipid and hormones in soccer players. Subjects were seven male high-school soccer players. V˙O_2max was determined for each subjects by administering a treadmill test(initial speed: 90m/min, grade: 5%, increasing speed per 3 min: 30m/min). Serum lipid(T-C, TG, HDL-C LDL-C) and hormones(epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormones, cortisol) were assayed pre and post detraining in 10, 20, 30 days after retraining. The repeated ANOVA was used to determine significant differences. The 0.05 level of significance was as critical level for the study. The results of the study were as follows: 1. V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3576.3±204.2ml/min pre detraining, 3234.1±198.9 ml/min post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/min) were 3601.4±170.9 ml/min. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 2. V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were significantly(p<.05) decreased from 62.3±2.9 ml/kg/min to 55.9±4.7 ml/kg/min in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, V˙O_2max(ml/kg/min) were 62.4±3.4ml/kg/min, 62.7±2.3ml.kg/min, 67.3±7.2ml/kg/min respectively. There were significantly(p<.05) increased in retraining periods. 3. T-C were significantly (p<.05) increased from 166.6±8.5mg/dl to 175.3±10.3 mg/dl in detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, T-C were 160.1± 3.2mg/dl, 156.7±3.7mg/dl, 140.3±9.0mg/dl. There were significantly(p<.05) decreased in retraining periods. 4. HDL-C were 61.4±6.6mg/di pre detraining, 5.3±6.6mg/dl post detraining. There are significant(p<.05) difference between pre and post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, HDL-C were 56.9±7.1mg/dl, 56.4±9.2mg/dl, 57.7±9.1mg/dl respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. 5. The hormones(epinephrine. norepinephrine, growth hormone, cortisol) were changed as same patterns. Epinephrine were 26.0±7.0[g/ml pre detraining, 24.6±3.2pg/ml post detraining. In 10, 20, 30 days after retraining, epinephrine were 26.9±5.6pg/ml, 30.6±6.2pg/ml, 29.4±5.6pg/ml respectively. There were no significant difference in retraining periods. In conclusion, HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were decreased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were increased in detraining. But HDL-C, epinephrine, norepinephrine, growth hormone and cortisol were increased, T-C, LDL-C and TG were decreased in retraining.

소득세법상 직무발명보상금 과세제도에 대한 개선방안

박지현(Park, Ji-Hyun),권기정(Kwon, Gee-Jung) 한국회계정보학회 2021 재무와회계정보저널 Vol.21 No.1

[연구목적] 직무발명보상금이란 발명진흥법 제15조 등에 의하여 종업원 등이 직무에 관하여 발명한 것에 대하여 정당한 보상을 하도록 하는 것을 말한다. 즉, 직무발명보상금 제도는 종업원 등이 직무발명의 권리를 사용자가 승계할 경우 법률에 의하여 보상을 하도록 법률적으로 제정한 보상제도이다. 그러나 제도의 취지와는 다르게 소득세법이 개정되어 다양한 분야에서 소득세법 재개정을 주장하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 직무발명제도에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 직무발명보상금의 소득세법상 과세체계의 문제점에 대해 알아보고 이에 대한 개선방안으로 제시하고자 하였다. [연구방법] 직무발명보상금에 대한 제도의 취지와 우리나라의 소득세 개정현황을 살펴보고 주요국의 관련 세법에 대한 문헌연구를 통해 우리나라 직무발명제도의 과세체계의 문제점을 제시하였다. 이러한 문제점을 바탕으로 소득세법상 직무발명 보상금 과세제도에 대한 개선방안을 제시하였다. [연구결과] 직무발명보상금의 법률적 성격과 유사 소득과의 과세형평성 등을 검토하였을 때 직무발명보상금은 기타소득으로 규정하는 것이 타당하다. 그리고 직무발명보상금에 대하여는 비과세 한도를 현행 500만 원에서 국가연구개발의 기술이전에 따른 직무발명보상금 평균인 1,500만 원으로 조정할 필요가 있을 것이다. [연구의 시사점] 직무발명보상금 제도는 국가의 경쟁력을 확보하는 차원에서 매우 중요한 역할을 해왔다. 따라서 연구개발을 통해 경쟁력 있는 지식재산권을 확보하고 이를 활용하여 기업의 생산효율 및 일자리 창출을 증가시키고 국가 및 기업의 경쟁력을 강화하기 위한 선순환 구조를 만들기 위해서는 관련 법률들 간의 모순점을 해결하고 직무발명보상금 제도의 과세체계를 개편할 필요가 있다. [Purpose] The term compensation for occupational inventions refers to the compensation of employees, etc. for their inventions in relation to their duties pursuant to Article 15 of the Invention Promotion Act. In other words, the compensation system for job inventions is a compensation system legally enacted so that employees, etc., make compensation in accordance with the law when the employer succeeds in the rights of job inventions. However, contrary to the purpose of the system, the income tax law has been revised, and various fields are advocating for the revision of the income tax law. Therefore, in this study, based on the understanding of the job invention system, the problem of the taxation system under the income tax law for compensation for job inventions was investigated and suggested as a solution for this. [Methodology] The purpose of the system for compensation for occupational inventions and the current status of revision of income tax in Korea were examined, and the problem of the taxation system of the Korean occupational invention system was presented through literature research on related tax laws in major countries. Based on these problems, a plan to improve the taxation system for compensation for job inventions under the Income Tax Act was suggested. [Findings] When examining the legal nature of the compensation for job inventions and the taxation equity with similar income, it is reasonable to stipulate the compensation for job inventions as other income. In addition, it will be necessary to adjust the tax-free limit of compensation for job inventions from the current 5 million won to KRW 15 million, which is the average of compensation for job inventions from the technology transfer of national R&D. [Implications] The job invention compensation system has played a very important role in securing national competitiveness. Therefore, in order to create a virtuous cycle structure to secure and utilize competitive intellectual property rights through research and development to increase the production efficiency and job creation of companies, and to reinforce the competitiveness of the country and companies, it is necessary to resolve the contradictions between relevant laws and provide compensation for job inventions. There is a need to reorganize the tax system of the system.

물의 종류를 달리한 동치미의 경도 변화 및 세포벽 관찰

심영현,안기정,김지은 한국조리과학회 2004 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of hardness and microstructure of Dongchimi cooked with various source of water(distilled water, purified water, Cho Jung Carbonated Natureal water). This study was conducted to observe the change of pH, total acidity, salt content, turbidity, texture and microstructure. Dongchimi cooked with source of water of water was fermented at 10℃ for 46 days. The changes of pH on Dongchimi cooked with various source of water decreased in all samples during fermentation period, and then showed a slowly decrease after 12 days of fermentation. The total acidity of Dongchimi cooked with Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water was arrived slowly at best tasting condition 0.3~0.4 point compared with other conditions. So Dongchimi cooked with Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water was continued to the best tasting condition for end of fermentation. At early stage of fermentation, the changes of turbidity of Dongchimi used Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water showed highly as compared with other test condition for 12th days of fermentation. The maximum cutting force of chinese radish of Dongchimi showed the highest value among all at the 25th day of ripening and then decreased gradually. The maximum cutting force of chinese radish of Dongchimi used Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water was the highest compared with other conditions at 25th day of fermentation. The calcium content of Dongchimi juice used Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water was observed high at the early stage of fermentation and showed the highest value at 25th day of ripening. The calcium content of chinese radish and Dongchimi juice of Dongchimi cooked with water purifier was lower than that of Dongchimi cooked with Cho Jung Carbonated Natural water, and was higher than that of Dongchimi cooked with Distilled water at the early stage of fermentation. The magnesium content in all samples increased gradually from the early stage of fermentation. The microstructure showed disintegration appearance of middle lamella and cell wall during fermentation period.

오피스 리모델링 사업의 리스크 분석에 관한 연구

정지현,이학기 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2

In recently Office Building Remodeling is expected to have being progressed actively in order to construct information facilities it's and improve the value of buildings. But owing to the absence of management system, Office Building Remodeling is proceeding very difficultly. So this study presents Risk level of Office Building Remodeling by identifying and analyzing Risk factors for risk management, and by performing probabilistic evaluation and pairwise comparisons using by AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) method. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present primary data to minimize Risk and perform projects smoothly in course of Office Building Remodeling.

신속한 간흡충증 진단과 혈청 및 혈구 변화양상 분석

박지현,최혜정,정석률 남서울대학교 2010 남서울대학교 논문집 Vol.16 No.2

Diagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis requires specific proteins as antigens and it has been developed by using a rapid detection kit which identify circulating antibodies. In this study during Namseoul University Health/Medicine Care Service conducted in October 2010, with the residents in Wondeok-eup Samcheok Kangwon-do, the rapid diagnosis of C. sinensis infections was performed and patients' blood sera were analyzed. From 12 patients' sera of total 83, antibodies to C. sinensis were detected. According to the patients' sera analysis, about 73% of Total bilirubin, 40% of Cholesterol and 40% of Creatinine were abnormally exhibited. In the C. sinensis-positive sera detected by a rapid diagnostic kit, about 92% of Total bilirubin, 33% of Cholesterol and 50% of Creatinine were abnormally exhibited. According to analysis of blood cells, there was no abnormal result except for Hematocrit. In particular, high Eosinophil which means high incidence of C. sinensis infection was not observed. Taken together, it implied that the positive diagnosis of clonorchiasis would be previous infections of C. sinensis and its patients recovered from clonorchiasis have still antibodies in their sera. In addition, it also suggested that C. sinensis-positivity by the rapid diagnostic kit be not consistent with the present infections of C. sinensis. Key Words : Clonorchis sinensis, Rapid diagnostic kit, Serum, Blood cell, Antibody

파노라마방사선사진과 다면상재구성 CT상의 치조골 높이 계측에 대한 비교 연구

지정현,이상래,이병도 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2004 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.34 No.3

Purpose : To compare alveolar bony height of pantomograph with bony height of thin slice, multiplanar reformatted (MPR) Computed Tomograph. Materials and Methods : Panoramic radiograms of 12 young adult patients had been taken by one radologic technitian and the measurements were corrected by magnification ratio (1.20). The slice thickness of Multi-detector Computed Tomography (CT) was at least 1mm for the accuracy. The raw CT datas were imported into the V-works 4.0 (CyberMed Corp., Seoul, Korea) and transformed to MPR images. Pantomographic measurements of alveolar bone were compared to CT values by average mean bony height measurements for the accuracy. Inter-, and Intraobserver variability was evaluated. Results : There was no significant differences between height measurement of pantomography and that of CT (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in either inter- or intra-observer measurements (P>0.05). Conclusion : Pantomography showed relatively high accuracy and precision in measuring alveolar bony height.

한국 유아교육기관 리더십에 대한 질적 연구 : 변형적 학교 리더십 모형을 중심으로 A Study of Three Korean Early Childhood Organizations

정지현 부산대학교 영유아보육연구소 2004 영유아보육연구 Vol.10 No.-

This study investigated leadership styles among three Korean ECE directors. Data on leadership practices in early childhood settings in the Republic of Korea were primarily collected through semi-structured interviews of directors working at three different ECE Centers. The theoretical frarnework underpinning this study was Bums' transformational leadership theory and Leithwood's transformational school leadership theory, which modifies and extends Bums' theory to fit school settings. Transformational leadership emphasizes leadership practices that motivate followers to aspire to the common good of society rather than their own seif-interest. The researcher chose three Korean ECE organizations as research sites that had been characterized as typical by Korean ECE professionals. In these sites it seemed viable to explore alternative relationships based on the premises of transformational leadership to see if the general assumptions embedded in current leadership theories could be expressed in different ways or should be modified according to idiosyncratic Korean cultural factors. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the three directors. For triangulation of data, document analysis, informal conversations, and non-participant observation were also utilized to provide context for interpretation of the results. Qualitative analysis of the interviews illustrated that the three directors were were goal-oriented in handling the inherent structural constraints (i.e., for-profit orientation, control by the governing body?both the municipal offices of education and academic departments of universities) of their leadership practices. In general, their leadership practices appeared to deviate extensively firm transformational leadership models, and. the current theoretical models may not adequately attend to the structural constraints and the cultural factors that the three Korean ECE directors were experiencing.