도시주부의 과거. 현재. 미래측면에서 본 주관적 경제복지감

한정화,최덕경,최동숙 안성산업대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

Economic welfare of a family is regarded as utilization of the flow of goods and services on which the family has command from its production and consumption. The purpose of this study is to investigate some influencing factors related to the urban housewives' subjective economic well-being. Questionnaires were used to the 1800 housewives in Seoul from the end of September to the end of October in 1996. The 1261 data obtained were analyzed by Frequency, Percentage, mean, t-test, F-test, Duncan's Posthoc Test, and Stepwised Multiple Regression with SPSS PC^+. The major finding of this study were summarized as follows; (1) There were significant differences on the subjective economic well-being for the urban housewives according to the social demographic variables (housewives' age, education and healthy condition). (2) There were significant differences on the subjective economic well-being for the urban housewives according to the objective variables (residence price, income, savings, debt and education). (3) There were significant differences on the subjective economic well-being for the urban housewives according to the perceptions of the economic conditions (working satisfaction, the perception of the relative comparison, the government policy for the price and the tax, the perception of the living standards and the subjective social class). (4) There were significant differences on the subjective economic well-being for the urban housewives according to the leisure and family variables (children number, the family life cycle, leisure satisfaction, the coincidence of the conjugal opinion and the types of the conjugal buying decision. The current government and the education policy should be reevaluated and revised for the improvement of the housewives' welfare.

도시주부의 정보탐색에 따른 소비자문제에 관한 연구

한정화,최덕경 안성산업대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

This study is mainly concerned with the consumer problems according to the quantity and the interests of the information search of the urban housewives. The samples are composed of 347 adolescent consumers filtered by the purposive sampling. In order to achieve study objects, the statistics used for data analysis are frequency distribution, percentile, t-test, analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis. The information search of the housewives showed the significant differences between the family life cycle, the age, the living style and the income. And the perceptions of the consumer problems showed the significant differences between the family life cycle, the living style, the income, the quantity of the information search and the interests of the information search. Findings of this study suggest the housewives have difficulties in finding the information search. In order to improve the economic and the social wellbeing of the urban housewives, this study suggests that the younger, the aged and the other type of consumers should have an opportunity to improve their knowledge and the information. So the consumers should have the ability to cope with their problems faced in the market place. The current government and the business policy should be reevaluated and revised for the improvement of the consumer welfare.

남성의 광고관심도와 유행추구에 따른 구매의식과 구매행동에 관한 연구

한정화,최덕경 안성산업대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.30 No.2

This study is mainly concerned with the buying perception and buying behavior according to the advertisement concerns and the fashion pursuit of the urban males. The samples are composed of 750 adolescent male consumers filtered by the purposive sampling. In order to achieve study objects, the statistics used for data analysis are the frequency distribution and the multiple regression analysis. The advertisement concerns of males showed the significant differences between the education and income. The fashion pursuit of males showed the significant differences between the family type, the pocket-money and the advertisement concerns. The buying perceptions of males showed the significant differences between the pocket-money. The buying behaviors of males showed the significant differences between the family type, pocket-money and the buying perceptions. Findings of this study suggest the males also have concerns of the advertisement and fashions. But they have difficulties in finding the information search, In order to improve the economic and the social wellbeing of the urban males, this study suggests that the younger, the aged and the other type of consumers should have an opportunity to improve their knowledge and the information. So the consumers should have the ability to cope with their problems faced in the market place. The current government and the business policy should be reevaluated and revised for the improvement of the consumer welfare.

하올리브 손상이 순막 조건반응의 파지 및 전이훈련에 미치는 효과

윤영화,김현택,한정수 한국심리학회 1989 한국심리학회지 생물 및 생리 Vol.1 No.1

순막조건화에 관련된 신경회로에서 소뇌가 결정적으로 중요한 구조물이라는 실험적 증거가 축적되었으며 소뇌로 들어가는 주된 입력중 하나인 등상섬유가 무조건자극정보를 소뇌로 전달할 것이라는 이론이 제안되었다. 등상섬유는 하올리브에서 기시하며 특히 눈가의 체감각정보를 받는 영역이 하올리브의 문내측 부위이다. 본연구는 순막조건화에서 하올리브의 역할을 규명하기 위하여 소리를 조건자극, 안와주변전기쇼크를 무조건자극으로 사용하여 토끼의 오른쪽눈을 순막조건화시킨 후 문내측 하올리브를 손상시켰다. 2주일간의 회복기간후 재훈련시켰다. 실험결과, 문내측 하올리브가 손상된 피험동물들은 오른쪽눈의 조건반응의 파지 및 재학습이 불가능하였으며 왼쪽눈 역시 학습되지 않았다. 이는 하올리브가 순막조건화에 관련된 신경회로에서 중요한 구조물임을 나타낸다. It has been demonstrated that the cerebellum is a critically important structure for the conditioning of nictitating membrane response(NMR). The aim of the experiment was to determine whether inferior olive is part of a neural circuit which provides unconditioned stimlus(US) information to the cerebellum during NMR conditioning. Rabbits were lesioned on the inferior olive after they were conditioned using tone as conditioned stimulus(CS) and periorbital shock as US. And then 2-week of recovery period was followed by retraining period. Lesions of the rostro-medial portions of the inferior olive(rmIO) abolished the conditioning and prevented subsequent acquisition on either side. The lesion had no effect on the performance of the unconditioned response. Lesions of the lateral portions to and those of dorsal portions above the rmIO did not impair NMR conditioning. The results suggest rmIO is an essential part for the NMR conditioning.

양안 근점거리의 분포형

구정완,오민화,이승한 가톨릭대학산업의학센타 산업의학연구소 1991 韓國의 産業醫學 Vol.30 No.2

Near point distance for both eyes of 71 healthy subjects. who no special eye conditions, were measured in order to clarify their distribution form and to select a measure that is suited to continuous observation of visual fatigue of VDT workers. The results were as follows: 1. Near point distance for both eyes(appear. disappear) followed normal distribution only after natural log-transformation(Shapiro-Wilk test). 2. The variance and the coefficient of variation of near point distance(appear) were 0.04 and 4.13, respectively, while they were 0.08 and 6.30 in near point distance(disappear). The findings suggested that near point distance(appear) could be a preferable measure to near point distance(disappear)in the sequential monitoring of visual fatigue. 3. The mean near point distance(appear, disappear)for both eyes of study subjects were 138,82 mm in the age4 group of 20-29 years and were 156,97 mm in the age group of 30-39 years. respectively.

MA-HIP법에 의해 제조한 Ti-A1 복합화합물의 성질에 관한 연구

이상화,이동수,윤한중 동아대학교 공과대학부설 생산기술연구소 1998 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.2

The alloying procedure change in powder shapes and microstructure during the manufacturing process of Ti-Al complex compounds are investigated by using mechanical alloying. The obtained results are summerized as follows. 1) From the vibrational ball mill process, the formation procedures of Ti-Al alloys can be classified into following five stages. · 1st step : mixing period of material powder · 2st step : formation period of flake particle with lamellar structure · 3st step : coarse particle formation period · 4st step : alloy layer formation period · 5st step : fine alloy layer formation period 2) Ti-Al complex compounds obtained from the vibrational ball mill process a hardness between 510Hv and 560Hv which represents two times higher hardness than the same complex compounds manufactured by casting process 3) X-ray diffraction analysis of milled powder or HIPped sample of milled powder shows Ti_3 Al, TiAl, and TiAl_3.

초음파 센서를 이용한 무궤도 반송차의 위치 및 방향제어

안중환,김화영,임한석,김동신 부산대학교 공과대학 1989 硏究報告 Vol.38 No.-

The system that could control a position and a direction of a vehicle by means of supersonic sensors was developed. It is composed of a microcomputer, two couples of supersonic sensor, a vehicle, a power supply and interfaces. Two senders are located at a distance on the vehicle and two receivers are located at two reference coordinate points. Supersonic propagation time from each sender to each receiver was conveniently measured in terms of the repeating number of a short machine language program. Experimental results showed that a repeating number was nearly linear with a corresponding distance. Using four measurements, the present position and direction of the vehicle were calculated .And the amounts of distance to be moved and angles to be rotated to get a destination position and direction were calculated. These data were used for controlling the vehicle driven by two wheel step. Judging from movement tests, the controllability and the accuracy of position an direction of a vehicle using supersonic sensors were quite satisfactory.

골프장 경기보조원의 근골격계 자각증상과 관련 요인

허경화,한영선,정혜선,구정완 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

목적: 직업관련성 근골격계질환과 관련된 여러 가지 위험요인에 노출되어 있는 경기보조원의 작업내용과 관련하여 근골격계 증상 유발 양상을 파악하고, 근골격계 증상 관련 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 경기도 지역에 있는 6개 정규 골프장을 대상으로 경기보조원 316명에 대하여 2003년 4월 9일부터 4월 30일까지 3주간 설문지를 배부한 후 자기 기입 식으로 작성하게 하여 수거함으로써 자각증상 조사를 실시하였으며, 설문지는 미국 산업안전보건연구원이 사용하는 표준화된 설문지(NIOSH, 1993)의 국내 번역판(노상철 등, 1997)을 이용하였다. 결과: 조사대상 경기보조원의 신체 부위별 근골격계 자각증상 호소율은 다리/무릎/발목/발이 41.8%로 가장 높은 증상 호소율을 보였으며 어깨 35.8%, 등/허리 35.8%, 목 28.8%, 팔/손목/손가락 28.5% 순 이었다. 성수기의 1일 근무시간이 팔/손목/손가락 부위를 제외한 나머지 부위에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 경기보조원의 업무특성과 관련하여 골프장의 경사와 굴곡의 정도, 내장객의 폭언 및 폭행, 업무의 속도를 조절할 수 없음, 일의 육체적 부담의 강도, 고용의 불안정성, 직장을 잃을 가능성 등이 근골격계 자각증상과 유의한 연관성을 보였다. 직무스트레스 특성에서는 정신적 직무요구도가 높은 반면, 낮은 직무 재량도를 보여 근무긴장도가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 목 부위, 어깨 부위, 등/허리 부위 및 다리/무릎/발목/발 부위의 근골결계 증상에는 성수기 12시간 이상의 근무시간이, 팔/손목/손가락 부위의 증상에는 낮은 직무 재량도에서 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인으로 관찰되었다(P<0.05). 결론: 경기보조원의 근골격계 증상은 과중한 업무시간과 높은 직무요구도에 비해 낮은 직무재량도를 보이는 고긴장 직무 등에 의해 호소율이 높게 나타남을 알 수 있다. 근골격계 질환의 호소 요인에 대한 구체적인 대안의 마련과 더불어 정부기관에서 주도적으로 검토하여 경기보조원들이 속해있는 골프장 운영업체가 근골격계질환의 예방을 위한 조치와 경기보조원의 건강과 관련한 안전보건교육 등을 시행할 수 있도록 하는 방안이 마련되어야 할 것으로 본다. Objectives: This study evaluated the complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms and investigated the related factors of musculoskeletal symptoms in the caddies. Methods: For 316 caddies working at 6 regular golf courses, we used the self-recording questionnaires to examine general characteristics, job stress factors, subjective musculoskeletal symptoms designed by NIOSH, working environments, and working contents. Results: The complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms according to the musculoskeletal criteria of NIOSH were 41.8% in leg/knee/ankle/foot, 35/8% in the upper back/lower back, 28.8% in the neck, and 28.5% in the arm/wrist/fingers. Important factors affecting musculoskeletal symptoms were daily working hours during the high-demand seasons in all anatomical sites except the arm/wrist/fingers. Other related factors were degrees of winding and inclined in the golf courses, violent language and violence of customers, inability to regulate the velocity and work load control, heavy physical burden, instability of employment, and possibility of unemployment according to the specialty of caddies. As a results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck, shoulders, back/lower back and leg/knee/ankle/foot were significantly influenced by working time over 12 hours in the high-demand season, and symptoms of the arm/wrist/fingers by low decision latitude (P<0.05). Conclusions: The complaint rates of musculoskeletal symptoms in the caddies were affected by working time over 12 hours and low decision latitude against excessively high psychological job demand.

2007년 대한감염학회 권장 성인 예방접종 권장안

강진한,김홍빈,손장욱,이상오,정문현,정희진,최영화,최정현,최준용,최희정 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.1

In 2007, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases recommended an immunization schedule for adults residing in Korea. This recommendation includes four categories: standard immunization for healthy persons, supplementary immunization for persons with underlying illnesses, recommendations for health-care personnel and for international travelers. The Standard Immunization Schedule consists of universal vaccination (tetanus-diphtheria/tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis (Td/Tdap); hepatitis A vaccine for persons aged 20s; human papilloma virus vaccine for women under 26 years old; meningococcal vaccine for military recruits and college students in dormitories; influenza vaccination for persons aged 50 years or more and pregnant women; and pneumococcal vaccination for persons aged 65 years or more) and catch-up vaccination (hepatitis A vaccine for persons aged 30s; hepatitis B vaccine, varicella and MMR vaccines for persons who have uncertain specific immunities). The Supplementary Immunization Schedule recommends 4 vaccines, i.e., pneumococcal, influenza, meningococcal, and Haemophilus influenzae type b, appropriate to the underlying illnesses, and confirmation of the presence of antibodies to hepatitis A and hepatitis B. The Recommendation for Health-Care Personnel includes universal vaccination (influenza and pertussis) and catch-up vaccination (hepatitis B, measles-mumps-rubella and varicella for seronegative health-care personnel). The Recommended Immunization for International Travelers focuses reinforcement of vaccinations for healthy persons and includes certain immunizations necessary for international travel (yellow fever, meningococcal, plaque, tick-borne encephalitis, and cholera). These guidelines can be seen at www.ksid.or.kr.

A Digital Watermark

신정화,김인택,한승수 명지대학교 산업기술연구소 2001 産業技術硏究所論文集 Vol.20 No.-

In this paper, watermark technique has been proposed as a method to hide secret information into the signals so as to discourage unauthorized copying or attest the origin of the media. We present an approach for still image watermarking in which the watermark is embedded in the middle frequence area. It is confirmed from numerical experiments that the proposed method yields the watermarked image which is robust to several attacks.