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OBD에 기초한 승용차 엔진의 계통별 고장 및 진단 사례 연구
민종식,승삼선,문성준 三陟大學校 2005 論文集 Vol.38 No.-
In this study, we have performed a systematic case study on troubles and diagnoses of passenger car's engine based on OBD. We have acquired 1,242 data in order to analysis accurate troubles' causes and apposite diagnoses. 128 data of them are got using 0BD apparatus, and the others of them are collected on related website. As results, distribution of trouble cases shows had idling(32%), poor acceleration(21%), stop in running(19%), faulty start(11%), inferior fuel economy(9%), and insufficient power in order of magnitude. And in the systematic cases, it is not difficult to detect troubles in a single part. But we know that special apparatus such as multichannel scanner is needed in complicated troubles. Furthermore we think that the survey is continued in various ways for more systematic case study on troubles and diagnoses.
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K-와 Na-silicate로부터 고품질 silica gel의 합성 : 조제산도 및 숙성 기간의 영향
박종삼,권덕문,이준일 대구보건대학 2001 대구보건대학 論文集 Vol.21 No.-
Inorganic silica precursors like sodium (Na-) and potassium (K-) silicates are much cheaper than organic silica precursors like tetraalkoxysilanes. In order to enhance the quality of silica gels synthesized from soduim and potassium silicates, the effect of aging time, pH and SiO₂ concentration on the properties of silica gels were examined in this study. The presence of different cations in initial sol made slight differences in resulted silica gels. Na-silicate led to more microporous gels than K-silicate under similar preparation conditions. Although similar aging effects were observed in both silicates, more decrease in micropore volume was noticed in Na-silicate with aging time than in K-silicate. Na silicate resulted in the highest surface area at the initial pH of 4.0, while the initial pH of 3.5 led to the highest surface area in K-silicate. Surface areas of resulted gels ranged over 700 ㎡/g, of which values were much higher than usual silica gels obtained from inorganic precursors.
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성인들의 사회인구학적 특성에 따른 체육활동 욕구에 관한 연구
최종삼,문준혁,박경호 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 2001 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.11 No.1
To investigate adults' desire for sport activities in accordance with their socio-demographic features, we selected a population of (a total of 600 persons) adult males and females who engage in physical activities at physical facility in Yongin, Gyeonggi Among them, those who were finally surveyed were 552 persons, and as a result of analyzing the collected data, we drew the following conclusion. First, for adults' desire for physical activities according to sex, all the seven factors showed statistical differences, and adult male, compared to adult female, showed higher desire for the subordinate factors of physical activities, such as achievement, ecstasy, pursuit, social motivation, healthy physical strength, purification, and adventure. Secondly, adults' desire for physical activities according to age showed statistically significant difference in all the seven factors. Those over 20 old years showed higher desire for physical molding, pursuit of joy and adventure, achievement, and healthy physical strength, those over 30 showed a high average as a whole, and those over 40 showed higher desire in the factors including healthy physical strength, physical molding, and pursuit of ecstasy. Thirdly, for adults' desire for physical activities in accordance with their education level, it showed statistically significant difference in terms of achievement, pursuit of ecstasy, social motivation, motivation, healthy physical strength, pursuit of adventure, and physical molding. Those with diploma less than the high-school showed high desire for physical activities in terms of healthy physical strength, social motivation, pursuit of joy, and physical molding, and those with diploma over the high-school and university showed high desire for physical activities, except for purification. Fourthly, adults' desire for physical activities in accordance with life standard showed statistically significant difference in such factors as achievement, pursuit of ecstasy, social motivation, healthy physical strength, purification, and physical molding. Upper class showed high desire for physical activities in all the seven factors; middle class showed low desire for physical activities in social motivation and purification; and lower class showed high desire for physical activities in healthy physical strength, pursuit of ecstasy and adventure, and purification.
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정보화시대의 공동체 : 정보화의 진전과 기업·소비자 관계 변화를 중심으로
이대식,김성국,김영삼,신종국,임정덕,조영복,조정문 釜山大學校 商科大學 2000 釜山商大論集 Vol.71 No.-
In this study, we questioned about the possibility of the formation of the new community like relationship at the market on the contrary to the traditional market relationship. We conjectured that kind of new community like relationship may possibly arise because of wide spread of new information technology at market behavior of both consumer and producer side. Traditional buyer-seller relationship was characterized as an anonymous one-shot relationship, however, recent changes were mainly emphasized the rich mutual interactions from both sides. Producers needs more consumer side informations as well as consumers begin to participate on production side at more organized level. Some theoretical studies predict that more rich social relationship will appear at the market since the adoption and wide spread of new information technology. We assume that main functions and ingredients of the community are first, the coordination mechanism which reduces conflicts among community members and second, functional efficiency which meets the common needs of community and third, communicational rationality which enhances the integrity of community members. We surveyed about 100 small and medium sized firms located at Pusan and Kyung-Nam area in order to find out whether firms have community like relationship with their consumers. We fine that most of firms realize the impotance of consumer networks, however most of firms consider this kind of network as a marketing strategy and a source of product design instead of more community oriented characteristics like mutual trust building and social interactions.
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Postural Instability and Cognitive Dysfunction in Early Parkinson's Disease
Lee, Jong Moon,Koh, Seong-Beom,Chae, Sung Won,Seo, Woo-Keun,Kwon, Do Young,Kim, Ji Hyun,Oh, Kyungmi,Baik, Jong Sam,Park, Kun Woo Cambridge University Press 2012 The Canadian journal of neurological sciences Vol.39 No.4
<B>Background:</B><P>Postural instability is one of the most disabling features of Parkinson's disease, usually occurring in late and advanced stages. The aim of this study was to investigate the postural performance of early-stage de novo Parkinson's disease patients with no clinical postural instability using computerized dynamic posturography. We sought to understand the relationship between postural sway and disease severity and the relationship between postural instability quantitatively measured by computerized dynamic posturography and cognitive impairment in early-stage Parkinson's disease patients.</P><B>Method:</B><P>Thirty-one subjects with Parkinson's disease and 20 healthy controls were assessed by the computerized dynamic posturography protocol using the sensory organization test and the motor control test. A neuropsychological assessment was also administered.</P><B>Results:</B><P>The mean equilibrium score for sensory organization test and the vestibular input ratio were significantly correlated with Hoehn-Yahr stage. No associations between motor latency for any motor control test condition and Hoehn-Yahr stage were found. The equilibrium score for sensory organization test correlated with the mini-mental status examination scores. There was a significant correlation between motor latency for large backward translation and mini-mental status examination scores. There were significant correlations between visual perception/construction/ memory of the neuropsychological battery test and the equilibrium score for sensory organization test and between verbal word learning test, controlled word association test and motor latency for large backward translation.</P><B>Conclusion:</B><P>These findings showed the postural instability present in early-stage (Hoehn-Yahr stage 2-2.5) Parkinson's disease. We also found a close relationship between postural instability and cognitive function in Parkinson's disease patients.</P>
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Jong Lee, Kyung,Ae Kang, Young,Mi Kim, Young,Cho, Sang-Nae,Wook Moon, Jin,Suk Park, Moo,Kyu Kim, Se,Chang, Joon,Sam Kim, Young Informa Healthcare 2010 Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases Vol.42 No.9
<P>This study compared the results of a tuberculin skin test (TST) and a whole-blood interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) to screen latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI) according to risk of TB exposure in South Korea. A cross-sectional comparison of 82 healthcare workers (HCWs) was performed from June 2009 to January 2010. Participants were grouped according to their risk for TB exposure: group 1, frequent and direct contact with active TB patients (<I>n</I> = 35); group 2, no known history of direct contact with active TB patients (<I>n</I> = 47). For the TST (10-mm induration cut-off), the positive response rate was 42.9% in group 1 and 34.0% in group 2 (<I>p</I> = 0.42). For the IGRA, the positive response rate was 40% in group 1 and 10.6% in group 2 (<I>p</I> = 0.002). Results obtained from the TST and the IGRA were not in significant agreement. The working duration of HCWs in TB-related departments was the only significant risk factor for LTBI (odds ratio 1.03; <I>p</I> = 0.031). Further, the IGRA can more accurately discriminate LTBI compared to the TST, based on the risk of TB exposure. These results suggest that the IGRA is diagnostically useful for LTBI in South Korean HCWs.</P>
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Moon, Jong-Hwa,Kim, Sun-Ha,Chung, Yong-Sam,Dung, Ho-Mahn Korean Nuclear Society 2002 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.34 No.6
Neutron activation analysis based on $textsc{k}$$_{o}$-standardization method# ($textsc{k}$o-NAA) is Com as one of the most remarkable progresses of the NAA with advantages of experimental simplicity, high accuracy, excellent flexibility with respect to irradiation and counting conditions, and suitability for computerization. This study was carried out to determine the reactor neutron spectrum parameters, i.e. $\alpha$ and f as the main factors of irradiation quality at NAA #1 irradiation hole on HANARO research reactor, to evaluate peak detection efficiency of the gamma-ray spectrometer for the use in the $textsc{k}$$_{o}$ experiments and to compare the measured concentration results with the certified values of some SRMs applying the experimentally determined to-parameters.ers.
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Moon, Bong Ju,Smith, Justin S.,Ames, Christopher P.,Shaffrey, Christopher I.,Lafage, Virginie,Schwab, Frank,Matsumoto, Morio,Baik, Jong Sam,Ha, Yoon Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group 2016 Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine Vol.24 No.4
<B>OBJECT</B><P>To identify the characteristics of cervical deformities in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the role of severity of PD in the development of cervical spine deformities, the authors investigated the prevalence of the cervical deformities, cervical kyphosis (CK), and cervical positive sagittal malalignment (CPSM) in patients with PD. They also analyzed the association of severity of cervical deformities with the stage of PD in the context of global sagittal spinopelvic alignment.</P><B>METHODS</B><P>This study was a prospective assessment of consecutively treated patients (n = 89) with PD. A control group of the age- and sex-matched patients was selected from patients with degenerative cervical spine disease but without PD. Clinical and demographic parameters including age, sex, duration of PD, and Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage were collected. Full-length standing radiographs were used to assess spinopelvic parameters. CK was defined as a C2-7 Cobb angle < 0°. CPSM was defined as C2-7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA) > 4 cm.</P><B>RESULTS</B><P>A significantly higher prevalence of CPSM (28% vs 1.1%, p < 0.001), but not CK (12% vs 10.1%, p = 0.635), was found in PD patients compared with control patients. Among patients with PD, those with CK were younger (62.1 vs 69.0 years, p = 0.013) and had longer duration of PD (56.4 vs 36.2 months, p = 0.034), but the severity of PD was not significantly different. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of CK was associated with younger age, higher mismatch between pelvic incidence and lumbar lordosis, and lower C7-S1 SVA. The patients with CPSM had significantly greater thoracic kyphosis (TK) (p < 0.001) and a trend toward more advanced H&Y stage (p = 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that CPSM was associated with male sex, greater TK, and more advanced H&Y stage.</P><B>CONCLUSIONS</B><P>Patients with PD have a significantly higher prevalence of CPSM compared with age- and sex-matched control patients with cervical degenerative disease but without PD. Among patients with PD, CK is not associated with the severity of PD but is associated with overall global sagittal malalignment. In contrast, the presence of CPSM is associated more with the severity of PD than it is with the presence of global sagittal malalignment. Collectively, these data suggest that the neuromuscular pathogenesis of PD may affect the development of CPSM more than of CK.</P>
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