Multilocus Sequence Typing and Virulence Factors Analysis of Escherichia coli O157 Strains in China

Xiao W. Ji,Ya L. Liao,Ye F. Zhu,Hai G. Wang,Ling Gu,Jiang Gu,Chen Dong,Hong L. Ding,Xu H. Mao,Feng C. Zhu,Quan M. Zou 한국미생물학회 2010 The journal of microbiology Vol.48 No.6

Escherichia coli O157:H7, an important food-borne pathogen, has become a major public health concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiologic feature of E. coli O157:H7strains in China. 105 E. coli O157:H7 isolates were collected from various hosts and places over 9 years. A multilocus sequence typing scheme (MLST) was applied for bacteria genotyping and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for virulence factor identification. Seven new MLST sequence types (STs), namely ST836, ST837, ST838, ST839, ST840, ST841, and ST842 were identified, which grouped into two lineages. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the most two frequent STs in China, ST837 and ST836, may be the derivatives of E. coli O157:H7 Sakai or E. coli O157:H7 EDL933. Geographical diversity and host variety of E. coli O157:H7 were observed in China. In addition, the different distribution of tccp was detected. The data presented herein provide new insights into the molecular epidemiologic feature of E. coli O157:H7, and aid in the investigation of the transmission regularity and evolutionary mechanism of E. coli O157:H7.

Control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in contaminated alfalfa silage: Effects of silage additives

Ogunade, I.M.,Kim, D.H.,Jiang, Y.,Weinberg, Z.G.,Jeong, K.C.,Adesogan, A.T. American Dairy Science Association 2016 Journal of dairy science Vol.99 No.6

<P>This study was conducted to examine if adding microbial inoculants or propionic acid to alfalfa silages contaminated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 would inhibit the growth of the pathogen during or after ensiling. Alfalfa forage was harvested at the early bloom stage, wilted to a dry matter concentration of 54%, chopped to 19-mm lengths, and ensiled after treatment with one of the following:(1) distilled water (control); (2) 1 x 10(5) cfu/g of E. coli O157:H7 (EC); (3) EC and 1 x 10(6) cfu/g of Lactobacillus plantarum (EC+LP); (4) EC and 1 x 10(6) cfu/g of Lactobacillus buchneri (EC+LB); and (5) EC and 2.2 g/kg of propionic acid (EC+PA). Each treatment was ensiled in quadruplicate in laboratory silos for 0, 3, 7, 16, and 100 d and analyzed for EC counts, pH, and organic acids. In addition, samples from d 100 were analyzed for chemical composition, ammonia-N, counts of yeasts and molds, and aerobic stability. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was detected in all silages until d 7, but by d 16 it was not detected in those treated with EC+LB and EC+LP, though it was still detected in EC and EC+PA silages. However, by d 100, the pathogen was not detected in any silage. The rate of pH decrease to 5.0 was fastest for the EC+LP silage (7 d), followed by the EC+LB silage (16 d). Nevertheless, all silages had attained a pH of or less than 5.0 by d 100. The rapid decrease in pH in EC+LP and EC+LB silages was observed due to higher lactate and acetate concentrations, respectively, relative to the other silages during the early fermentation phase (d 3-16). Propionic acid was only detected in the EC+PA silage. Yeast counts were lowest in EC+LB and EC+PA silages. Subsamples of all d-100 silages were reinoculated with 1 x 10(5) cfu/g of EC immediately after silo opening. When the pathogen was subsequently enumerated after 168 h of aerobic exposure, it was not detected in silages treated with EC+PA, EC+LB, or EC+LP, which all had pH values less than 5.0. Whereas the EC silage had a pH value of 5.4 and 2.3 log cfu/g of the pathogen. Certain bacterial inoculants can hasten the inhibition of E. coli O157:H7 during ensiling, such as propionic acid, and they can also prevent its growth on silage contaminated with the pathogen after ensiling.</P>

Oxidative potential of secondary organic aerosols produced from photooxidation of different hydrocarbons using outdoor chamber under ambient sunlight

Jiang, H.,Jang, M.,Sabo-Attwood, T.,Robinson, S.E. Pergamon Press ; Elsevier [distribution] 2016 Atmospheric environment Vol.131 No.-

The oxidative potential of various secondary organic aerosols (SOA) was measured using dithiothreitol (DTT) assay to understand how organic aerosols react with cellular materials. SOA was produced via the photooxidation of four different hydrocarbons (toluene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, isoprene and α-pinene) in the presence of NO<SUB>x</SUB> using a large outdoor photochemical smog chamber. The DTT consumption rate was normalized by the aerosol mass, which is expressed as DTT<SUB>mass</SUB>. Toluene SOA and isoprene SOA yielded higher DTT<SUB>mass</SUB> than 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene SOA or α-pinene SOA. In order to discover the correlation between the molecular structure and oxidative potential, the DTT responses of selected model compounds were also measured. Among them, conjugated aldehydes, quinones, and H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> showed considerable DTT response. To investigate the correlation between DTT response and cell responses in vitro, the expression of biological markers, i.e. IL-6, IL-8, and HMOX-1 were studied using small airway epithelial cells. Higher cellular expression of IL-8 was observed with toluene SOA exposure compared to 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene SOA exposure, which aligned with the results from DTT assay. Our study also suggests that within the urban atmosphere, the contribution of toluene SOA and isoprene SOA to the oxidative potential of ambient SOA will be more significant than that of α-pinene SOA.

Pseudonocardia endophytica sp. nov., isolated from the pharmaceutical plant Lobelia clavata

Chen, H.-H.,Qin, S.,Li, J.,Zhang, Y.-Q.,Xu, L.-H.,Jiang, C.-L.,Kim, C.-J.,Li, W.-J. Microbiology Society 2009 International journal of systematic and evolutiona Vol.59 No.3

<P>An endophytic actinomycete strain, designated YIM 56035(T), was isolated from the inner tissue of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Lobelia clavata. The strain stained Gram-positive, was aerobic and exhibited branching, white aerial mycelium and yellowish-brown substrate mycelium. The strain formed spore chains on aerial hyphae. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.3 mol%. On the basis of morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain YIM 56035(T) was assigned to the genus Pseudonocardia. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed 98.5, 97.3, 97.3 and 97.1 % similarity to the closely related type strains Pseudonocardia kongjuensis LM 157(T), Pseudonocardia autotrophica IMSNU 20050(T), Pseudonocardia ammonioxydans H9(T) and Pseudonocardia compacta IMSNU 20111(T), respectively. The results of DNA-DNA hybridizations and comparison of some phenotypic characteristics revealed that the strain represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia. The name Pseudonocardia endophytica sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain YIM 56035(T) (=DSM 44969(T) =CCTCC AA 206026(T) =KCTC 19150(T)).</P>

여대생의 먹방 시청과 생활 스트레스, 음식중독 증상에 대한 연구

김대희,김영서,박채연,백정희,윤예원,장정원,전혜린,차윤정,Jiang Han,양숙자 이화여자대학교간호학회 2020 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.54

Purpose: This study aimed to know whether there is a comparison of food video watching, life stress, food addiction symptom for female college students. Methods: A quantitative research is used. A total of 162 people were performed with questionnaire which was conducted from September 16, 2019 to October 2, 2019. The study sample was female college students of one university in Seoul. This study used general characteristics, life stress tool, and food addiction symptoms tool as a research tool. In dependent T-test, ANOVA, and pearson’s correlation was used for this study. Result: The food video watching time and the food addiction symptoms showed a significant positive of correlation (r=.230, p=.003). Also, life stress and food addiction symptoms were significantly correlated (r=.329, p<.001). However, food video watching time and life stress did not show statistically significant correlation (r=.062, p=.430). Conclusion: Based on the study results, food video watching time and life stress are highly correlated with food addiction symptoms. The findings of this study could be the basis for later research on nursing intervention in the life stress and food addiction symptoms among female college students.

Co-delivery of LETM1 and CTMP synergistically inhibits tumor growth in H-ras12V liver cancer model mice

Shin, J-Y,Chung, Y-S,Kang, B,Jiang, H-L,Yu, D-Y,Han, K,Chae, C,Moon, J-H,Jang, G,Cho, M-H Nature America, Inc. 2013 Cancer gene therapy Vol.20 No.3

As hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide, development of novel therapeutic approaches for HCC is urgently needed. Two different genes, LETM1 and CTMP, which target mitochondrial functions, were chosen and linked using 2A-peptide sequence. Successful self-cleavage of 2A-peptide induced synergistic antitumor effect in the liver of H-ras12V, the HCC model mice, by simultaneous activation of LETM1 (Leucine zipper/EF hand-containing transmembrane-1) and CTMP (carboxyl-terminal modulator protein). Overexpression of LETM1 and CTMP significantly reduced the incidence of tumorigenesis, which were confirmed by gross and microscopic observations. Morphological changes in mitochondria, such as swelling and loss of cristae, were significant, and the prolonged activation of defects in mitochondrial function led to mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, with CTMP as a direct binding partner of Akt1, and LETM1 as a binding partner of CTMP, LETM1-2A-CTMP downregulated the Akt1 pathway at both Ser473 and Thr308 sites of phosphorylation. Proliferation and angiogenesis, which are important in cancer prognosis, were reduced in tumor sites after introduction of LETM1-2A-CTMP. Taken together, the results indicate that introduction of the mitochondria-targeting genes, LETM1 and CTMP, and self-processing capacity of 2A-peptide sequence exerts an antitumor effect in liver of H-ras12V mice, suggesting its potential as a tool for gene therapy.

Electron Emission from Nano-Structured Carbon Composite Materials and Fabrication of High-Quality Electron Emitters by Using Plasma Technology

H. Hiraki,A. Hiraki,H. X. Wang,N. Jiang 한국물리학회 2006 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.49 No.3

Many trials have been done to fabricate high-quality electron-emitters from nano-composite carbon materials (such as nano-diamond, carbon nano tubes and others) by means of a variety of plasma chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) techniques. Based upon the mechanism of electron emission, we have proposed several strategic guide lines for the fabrication of good emitters. Then, following these lines, several types of emitters were tried. One of the emitters has shown a worldclass, top ranking for fabricating very bright lamps: namely, a low turn-on voltage (0.5 1 V/µm to induce 10 µA/cm2 emission current) to emit a 1 mA/cm2 current at 3 V/µm and 100 mA/cm2 current at a slightly higher applied voltage. The bright lamps are Mercury-free fluorescence lamps to exhibit brightness of 105 cd/m2 with high eciency of 100 lm/w.

PREDICTION OF ROLLING FORCE USING AN ADAPTIVE NEURAL NETWORK MODEL DURING COLD ROLLING OF THIN STRIP

H.B.XIE,Z.Y. JIANG,A.K. TIEU,X.H. LIU,G.D WANG 한국소성가공학회 2008 한국소성가공학회 컨퍼런스 Vol.2008 No.10

Designing of a Carbon Nano-Structure for a High Quality Electron Emitter

H. Hiraki,Akio Hiraki,H Zhang,H.X. Wang,N Jiang 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.50 No.6

Carbon materials, including carbon nano-tube (CNT), diamond, and other carbon relatives, have received considerable attention as good materials for an electron emitter. One of the reasons is that diamond exhibits a very unique physical property known as NEA (negative electron affinity). Another practical reason is that our society requires FPDs (flat-panel-displays), such as LCDs (liquid-crystal-displays), PDPs (plasma-display-panels) and others, in order to replace the traditional display by CRT (cathode-ray-tube). In this respect, if a high-quality electron emitter is available, it can contribute greatly to the above requirement for FPDs. Because LCDs need a large area and bright back-light using the emitter, it is possible to produce FEDs (field-emission displays) as the SAMSUNG company does. The present author and his coworkers have long been trying to fabricate a good electron emitter from carbon nano-materials, and, at present, the emitter has shown a world-class property: a very low turn-on voltage (0.5 V/$\mu$m to induce a 10 $\mu$A/cm$^2$ emission current) to emit a 1 $\mu$A/cm$^2$ current at 1.1 V/$\mu$m and a 100 $\mu$A/cm$^2$ current at slightly lower than 4 V/$\mu$m with a gap distance of 1 mm. In this invited talk, starting from a stratagem of designing the carbon nano-structure for a good emitter on the basis of the theory of electron emission, we will give explanations on how the emitter was fabricated and on how well the emitter produces light of about 70 lm/watt with brightness of 10$^5$ cd/m$^2$(white-light) to be applied for the fabrication of mercury-free lights and white back-lights for LCDs.

Effects of Alfalfa Meal on Growth Performance and Gastrointestinal Tract Development of Growing Ducks

Jiang, J.F.,Song, X.M.,Huang, X.,Zhou, W.D.,Wu, J.L.,Zhu, Z.G.,Zheng, H.C.,Jiang, Y.Q. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2012 Animal Bioscience Vol.25 No.10

A study was conducted to evaluate effects of alfalfa meal on growth performance and gastrointestinal tract development of growing layer ducks to provide evidence for application of alfalfa meal in the duck industry. Two hundred and fifty-six healthy Shaoxing 7-wk old growing layer ducks were selected and randomly allocated to 1 of 4 dietary treatments based on corn and soybean meal and containing 0, 3, 6, and 9% of alfalfa meal for 8 wks. Each treatment consisted of 4 replicates of 16 ducks each. Briefly, birds were raised in separate compartments, and each compartment consisted of three parts: indoor floor house, adjacent open area and a connecting water area. The results showed: i) Growing ducks fed alfalfa meal diet were not significantly different in average daily gain, feed intake and gain-to-feed ratio from those fed no alfalfa diet (p>0.05). ii) Alfalfa meal increased the ratio crop, gizzard to live weight, caecum to live weight, the caecum index of growing ducks (p<0.05). iii) Villus height in duodenum and jejunum of growing ducks increased significantly with the increase of alfalfa meal levels (p<0.05). Crypt depth in duodenum and jejunum of growing ducks decreased significantly with the increase of alfalfa meal levels (p<0.05). This experiment showed that feeding of alfalfa meal to growing layer ducks could improve gastrointestinal tract growth and small intestinal morphology without effect on performance. This experiment provides evidence that alfalfa meal is a very valuable feedstuff for growing layer ducks.