Production and Characterization of Enzymes Involved in Chitin Catabolic Cascade from a Bacterial Strain Isolated from Soil

( Ji Hyun Lee ),( Jeong In Lee ),( So Yeon Park ),( Yoo Kyeong Jang ),( You Bin Lim ),( Hye Yoon Lee ),( Young Min Jung ),( Hae Chang Lee ),( Jong Hwa Lee ),( Shaheen Amna ),( Jae Kweon Park ) 한국키틴키토산학회 2019 한국키틴키토산학회지 Vol.24 No.1

The present study was aimed to isolate the bacteria producing chitinolytic enzymes including chitin deacetylase (CDA) from soil origin. About 24 bacteria were screened for their chitinolytic enzymes producing ability on the basis of colloidal chitin. Amongst one of the most potent isolates designated to JI-02 was further selected as the most prominent chitinolytic and CDAlike enzyme (CDA-X) producer based on the ability of deacetylation of an artificial substrate pNP-acetamilide. The maximum production of CDA-X in crude enzyme from JI-02 was observed in the presence of 1% colloidal chitin at 37°C and pH 6.4 after 120 h of incubation. Potent enzyme activity of CDA-X was determined toward pNP-acetamilide, demonstrating that optimal pH, temperature and ionic strength of the CDA-X were assessed to be 7.0, 52°C and 125 mM, respectively. Unexpectedly, Nacetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) was not fully converted by the action of CDA-X to glucosamine (GlcN) under the established conditions. Further study on enzyme activity toward chitin-oligosaccharides consisting of multi-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)n, n=2-5 may be necessary to elucidate the mode of action which requires the minimum size of (GlcNAc)n. However, our data suggest that CDA-X can convert chitin to chitosan with the maximum yield of approximately 0.08g/L during the fermentation of the strain in the presence of chitin. Furthermore, we found that crude enzyme showed the significant chitosanolytic activity. Taken together, our data suggest that the strain JI-02 may be a potential candidate as a particular strain for better understating of chitin catabolic pathway.

Sphingosine 1-Phosphate and Sphingosine Kinase Activity during Chicken Embryonic Development

Choi, Chang-Hwan,Jeong, Ji-Seon,Yoo, Bo-Im,Jin, You-Xun,Moon, Dong-Cheul,Yoo, Hwan-Soo,Oh, Seik-Wan,Hong, Seon-Pyo,Lee, Yong-Moon 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.4

The chicken embryo has been weil used in studies of the developmental process, and during development sphingosine and sphingosine 1-phosphate (So1P) are considered critical mediators of cell death and survival. In this study, we compared the sphingolipid contents of chicken embryos during the early embryonic development period from day 3 to day 6. HPLC analyses of sphingosine and So1P in chicken embryos revealed that sphingosine levels were greatly reduced on day 4 whereas So1P levels were not significantly changed. Sphingosine kinase(Sphk) activities, which require sphingosine as substrate to produce So1P, were also greatly reduced on day 4. Collectively, we found sphingosine levels and Sphk activities, but not So1P levels are changed in early stage of chicken embryos development.

지속가능발전목표(SDGs) 내 성평등 독자 목표의 국내이행을 위한 지표 연구

장은하(Eun Ha Chang),문유경(You Kyung Moon),조혜승(Hye Seung Cho),김정수(Jung Soo Kim),김지현(Ji Hyun Kim) 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원) 2018 여성연구 Vol.98 No.3

2015년 국제사회는 새천년개발목표 (Millennium Development Goals, 이하 MDGs)를 대체 할 새로운 국제개발목표로 지속가능발전목표(Sustainable Development Goals, 이하 SDGs)를 채택하였다. SDGs는 17개 목표(goals)와 169개의 세부목표(targets), 그리고 244개의 지표로 구성되었으며 2030년까지 달성을 목표로 한다. MDGs에서와 마찬가지로, SDGs에서는 성평등을 위한 독자 목표(Goal 5)로 “양성평등 및 여성과 여아의 권한강화”가 채택되었다. 독자 목표인 5번의 경우 MDGs와는 달리 구조적 변화를 촉구하는 항목들이 대거 포진되어 성평등 달성에 있어서 전환적(transformative)인 변화를 추구하고 있다. 본고는 SDGs의 국내이행의 착수를 앞두고, SDGs 성평등 목표의 이행 점검을 위한 국내 가용통계를 점검하고, 향후 SDGs 성평등 목표의 국내이행점검을 위한 기초 매핑을 제시함으로써, 국내이행을 위한 지표 수립에 기여하고자 한다. 이를 위해 이론적 배경으로 SDGs 내 지표 수립과정을 소개하고 특히 성평등 목표의 범위와 지표 수립 과정을 보다 자세히 서술한다. 이어서 SDGs 국내이행을 위한 거버넌스 체계를 소개하고 현재까지 수행된 연구들을 개괄한다. 본 연구의 분석을 위해서는 SDGs 글로벌 지표의 정의의 완성도와 현재 국내통계의 가용상태를 고려하여 4가지의 범주로 구성된 분석틀을 고안하였다. 연구방법으로는 국내･외 관련 문헌을 검토하였다. 연구결과, SDGs의 효과적인 국내이행을 위해서는 정의가 불확실한 지표에 대해 조작적 정의가 선행될 필요가 있으며, 국내 가용통계가 부재하거나 미흡한 지표의 경우 이에 대한 추가개발의 필요함이 드러났다. 결론에서는 분석내용을 토대로 국내 SDGs 이행을 위한 시사점을 도출하여 논의하였다. This research explores the status and future tasks of national implementation of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 5 in South Korea by especially focusing on indicators. Among its 17 goals and 169 targets, SDGs sets forth gender equality and empowerment of women and girls as a stand-alone goal 5, and gender issues are also cross cut in other goals as well. The independent as well as cross cutting nature of gender related issues imply the quintessential nature of gender in attaining the overall SDG targets. In particular, SDG goal 5, unlike Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), pursues transformative changes in achieving gender equality with a number of indicators urging structural changes. Given this context, this paper examines the meaning and the availability of national data corresponding to SDG 5’global indicators, and provides implications for South Korea’s establishment of SDG 5 indicators for national implementation. As a theoretical background, we first outline the process of setting up the indicators of SDGs with particular focus of Goal 5, and then we introduce the governance system for SDGs implementation in South Korea and analyze the existing literature for this study. For methods, this study employs document reviews. We created an analytical matrix, using two pillars ; indicators’ definitions and availability of national data. Based on this matrix, this research categories each indicators into four groups. As results, this study reveals that several indicators require operational definition for domestic implementation and development of gender-sensitive domestic data for future implementation in South Korea. In conclusion, we present practical implications for future implementation of SDG goal 5 and its indicators in South Korea. The results of this study can be used as basic research for establishing national indicators for the implementation of gender-related SDG targets in South Korea, and ultimately to achieve the goal of gender equity in SDGs.

Down-regulation of ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 expression by unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides in RAW 264.7 macrophages

Seo, Jeong-Min,Lee, Ji-Young,Ji, Geun-Eog,You, Ji-Chang Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bion 2011 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.43 No.9

We have investigated the effect of various forms of phosphodiester cytidine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and related genes in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Treatment with the CpG ODNs increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase but not interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$). We also investigated the effect of CpG ODNs on the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and G1 (ABCG1) genes which are known to facilitate cholesterol efflux from macrophages for anti-atherosclerosis. CpG 2006 significantly reduced the levels of ABCG1 mRNA as determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, whereas ABCA1 mRNA level was not changed. Western blot analysis further confirmed the reduction of ABCG1 protein expression by CpG 2006. In addition, we also determined the protein level of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor ${\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$), which is recognized as a transcriptional activator of ABC transporters, was also reduced by CpG 2006. Thus, these results suggest that ABCG1 is specifically down-regulated by CpG 2006 in a PPAR${\gamma}$-dependent manner in macrophages.

습관제거장치와 근기능요법을 이용한 혀내밀기 원인성 개방교합의 치료

최지원,오유향,이창섭,이상호,이난영 大韓小兒齒科學會 2005 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.32 No.2

흡지벽, 수직적 인 골격 발육부전 등 여러 원인을 갖는 개방교합은 치아와 치조돌기 에 국한되어 있는 단순 개방교합, 수직골격 발육부전에 의한 골격성 개방교합인 복잡 개방교합으로 나눌 수 있다 단순 개방교합은 흡지벽, 농설벽 등 국소적 원인에 의하며 치조돌기의 수직적 발육결여와 상하악 전치의 맹출 장애 등의 특징을 보인다 농설벽은 혀가 상하악 전치 사이에 위치하고 혀의 주변부위가 구치부 교합면 사이에 놓이지 못하게 됨으로써 구치부 과맹출에 의한 전치부의 개방교합과 상악전치의 전돌을 가속화하게 된다. 악습관에 의한 개방교합을 가진 어린이에서는 습관을 없애주는 것이 개방교합을 치료하는 가장 좋은 방법일 것이다. 그리고 Hawley type 장치에 crib을 첨가하거나 oral screen을 장착시켜 농설벽을 치료할 수 있다. 그리고 근기능요법은 동기유발과 혀의 기능을 조절하고 입술운동을 통해 새로운 연하운동을 발전시키도록 훈련하여 부정교합을 교정하거나 개방교합의재 발을 방지 한다. 본 증례는 농설벽에 의한 개방교합을 가진 8세 여자 환자에서 탄성고무, 발대를 이용한 연하연습과 발음연습을 포함한 근기능요법과 습관제거장치를 이용해 습관의 중지 및 개방교합의 개선을 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다. A problem that affects children's dentitions is the harmful habit which is difficult to treat. Harmful habits for children are such as abnormal swallowing patterns, low/forward tongue rest posture problem, habitual open-lips resting posture, habitual mouth-breathing, excessive digital sucking habit and tongue thrusting. Tongue thrusting habits cause a bit of cranio-facial skeletal changes and a great deal of dental malocclusion such as anterior open bite. Anterior open bite causes masticatory, speech, and esthetic problems in the growing children and difficulties in diagnosis, treatment, and the prediction of its prognosis. The treatments of such abnormal behaviors involve orofacial myofunctional therapy and using of habit breaking appliance. The prognosis is not determined by the presence of severity of oral habit but the skeletal tendency of the patient. Usage of tongue crib resulted in not only the discontinuance of the habit but also improvement in overbite and over jet. This study showed that relatively successful results could be generated by using removable tongue crib and myofunctional therapy in the case of open bite related to tongue thrusting habit.

Optically isotropic switchable microlens arrays based on liquid crystal

Lee, You-Jin,Yu, Chang-Jae,Lee, Jae-Ho,Baek, Ji-Ho,Kim, Youngsik,Kim, Jae-Hoon The Optical Society 2014 Applied optics Vol.53 No.17

<P>We present an optically isotropic switchable microlens array (MLA) based on liquid crystals (LCs) using the Joule heating electrode structure. The LC molecules were initially aligned vertically on the lens and electrode surfaces. By applying voltage to the transparent electrodes, the temperature of the LC layer could be changed. Above the clearing point temperature of LCs, the LC layer shows an averaged refractive index that differs from the nematic state refractive index. The MLA could have switching characteristics by index matching between the LC layer and polymer lens structure. The proposed switchable MLA shows high light efficiency with truly optically isotropic properties.</P>

수종 한약재가 백혈병 세포에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구

崔湖榮,金澤,柳志昌,卞德市,盧昇鉉 대한본초학회 1999 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.14 No.1

I am reporting here a syntematic in vitro examination for specificity of anti-cancer effect of several oriental herbs, which have been used frequently for cancer pateints(therapy), on Molt-4 LCL(Lymphoblastoid Cell Line) Leukemic cells in relation to its density and time of incubation. 1. ErOH extract of Jujubae Fructus reduced Molt-4 cell's survival rate effectively after 48 hours' treatment at 1000㎍/㎖'s density and it reduced survival rate of LCL effectively after 12 hours' treatment at 1000㎍/㎖'s density. 2. EtOH extract of Cordyceps reduced LCL's survival rate effectively after 36 hour's treatment at 1000㎍/㎖'s density. 2. EtOH extract of Fici Fructus reduced LCL's survival rate effectively after 36 hours' treatment at 1000㎍/㎖'s density. 4. EtOH extract of Trionycis reduced Molt-4 cell's survival rate even at 500㎍/㎖ density and further effective at 1000㎍/㎖ density after 24 hours treatment and it killed the cells completely at 1000㎍/㎖ density after 48 hours treatment, It also Killed LCL completely after 12 hours and 36 hours' treatment at 1000㎍/㎖'s density. 5. EtOH extract of Biotae Cacumen reduced LCL's survival rate effectively after 12 hours' treatment at 1000㎍/㎖'s density, and after 36 hours treatment it reduced LCL's survival time very effectively. 6. EtOH extract of Psoraleae Fructus reduced Molt-4 cell's survival rate very effectively after 24 hours' treatment at 500㎍/㎖ and 1000㎍/㎖'s density, and after 48 hours' treatment at 250㎍/㎖'s density it reduced effectively and it killed the cell completely at 500㎍/㎖ and 1000㎍/㎖'s density. It also killed LCL completely after 12 hours and 36 hours' treatment at 1000㎍/㎖'s density. I hope to proceed with more advanced experiment in vivo and clinically as for the two kinds of oriental herbs and another herbs effective for leukemia.

석면관련 폐질환의 진단에 있어서 흉부고해상도전산화단층촬영검사(HRCT)의 유용성

이현재,손지언,,홍영습,,이영일,예병진,유창훈,정갑열,김상훈,임형준,장은철,김정만,김준연 大韓産業醫學會 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.2

목적: 석면에 노출된 근로자에서 석면관련 폐질환의 양상을 분석하고 진단에 있어 HRCT의 유용성을 연구하여 석면에 대한 의학적 감시프로그램의 개발에 기여하고자 하였다. 방법: 석면에 직접 노출되는 작업자 68명과 간접 노출되는 작업자 94명 등 총 162명에 대해 OSHA 석면 표준, 의학적 감시 프로그램에 따라 단순 흉부방사선검사, 폐활량검사 및 우리나라 실정에 맞게 일부 수정한 의학적 설문지를 통해 면접조사의 방식으로 환자에 관한 정보를 수집하였으며, 자료의 신뢰성을 확보하기 위하여 면접조사는 1달 이상의 기간을 두고 2차례에 걸쳐 실시된 후 확인, 수정하였다. 또한, 석면관련 폐질환을 확진하기 위하여 HRCT를 추가적으로 실시하였다. 결과: HRCT결과 석면관련 폐질환의 유병율은 162명의 근로자중 17명으로 10.5%였는데, 직접 노출군에서 10명 (14.7%), 간접 노출군에서 7명 (7.4%)이었다. HRCT와 비교할 때 단순 흉부방사선검사의 민감도와 특이도는 각각 70.6%와 98.6%이었고, 양성 예측도와 음성 예측도는 각각 85.7%와 96.6%으로, HRCT는 단순흉부방사선검사에 비해 민감도가 높아 초기 석면관련 폐질환을 진단하는데 효과적이었다. 석면관련 폐질환의 진단에 있어 HRCT와 폐활량검사 사이에 유의한 관련성이 관찰되었다. HRCT 결과 석면관련 폐질환의 유무와 의학적 설문조사 결과의 빈도분석을 실시한 결과, 유의한 변수는 작업기간, 흡연량, 호흡기질환의 과거력, 기침, 호흡곤란이었다. 결론: HRCT는 석면관련 폐질환의 진단에 있어 단순 흉부방사선검사와 비교하여 민감도가 높아 초기 진단에 유용하므로 단순 흉부방사선선검사 결과 석면관련 폐질환소견을 보일 때뿐만 아니라, 정상소견을 보이더라도 폐활량 검사결과와 근무력, 흡연력, 호흡기질환의 과거력, 기침, 호흡곤란 등의 호흡기 증상을 참고하여 HRCT검사를 고려해야 한다. 또한, 본 연구에서 관련성이 없었던 요인들에 대해서도 향후 연관성을 규명하는 광범위한 전향적 연구가 필요하다. Objectives: This study was carried out to improve the medical surveillance program of workers exposed to asbestos by examining the usefulness of High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) in the diagnosis of asbestos-related lung disease. Methods: The study subjects comprised 162 workers in a ship-repairing yard, 68 of whom had been directly exposed to asbestos and 94 indirectly exposed. The 'Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) asbestos standard, medical surveilance program' and HRCT were conducted to analyze the aspects of the asbestos-related lung disease. The OSHA asbestos standard, medical surveilance program consists of simple chest x-ray, spirometry and medical questionnarie. Results: Seventeen (10.5%) of the 162 subjects, 10 (14.7%) directly exposed and 7 (7.4%) indirectly exposed, revealed asbestos-related lung disease on HRCT. The sensitivity and specificity of simple chest x-ray for asbestos-related lung disease were 70.6% and 98.6%, and the positive and negative predictive values were 85.7% and 96.6% respectively, as compared with HRCT, HRCT was an effective diagnostic tool especially to detect early asbestos-related lung disease. The study results indicated a relative significant association between the results of spirometry and HRCT. The variables significantly associated with asbestos-related lung disease on HRCT were work duration, smoking history (pack-years), past history of respiratory disease, cough and dyspnea. Conclusions: In the diagnosis of asbestos-related lung disease, HRCT should be considered not only for workers with positive findings on simple chest x-ray, but also workers with specific findings on spirometry, occupational history, smoking history, and past history of respiratory disease, or with respiratory symptoms such as cough and dyspnea.

2급 응급구조사의 성인외상환자에 대한 처치의 적절성 평가

장문수,어은경,김상현,김창섭,송근정,박한규,유지영,최동섭 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

In Korea, EMT have two classified subgroup of first and second degree : EMT-P, and EMT. For the beginning, authorization of the first EMT was made in this year through the EMT educational program. There are 8 items which EMT can perform the treatment without the supervision by a physician. But there was no previous report of pertinent assesment of treatment performed by the EMT. There upon authors have conducted review of assessment done by the EMT in EC setting, and proposed the following treatment application can be used by EMT at the field of accident. The study materials include adult trauma patient older than 15 years, and sustained trauma within 48 hours before visiting Ewha University DongDaeMoon Hospital Emergency Deparment. The duration of study was from Apr. 1 1995 to Aug. 31 1995. the study was conducted by 5 certified EMT. The EMT's performance was evaluated by the attending Emergency Medicine physician. The result were as followings ; 1. Among the total 5532 ED visiting patients during the study period, 1267 were adult trauma patients who recieved treatment within 48 hours of injury. 2. Among 1222 out of 1267 patients have completed performed survey. 3. Male to female ratio was 2.6 : 1, age distribution was from 15 to 87 years old and mean age was 34.6 years old. 4. The MOI showed : MVA (33.1%), blunt trauma (29.9%), slip down (16.8%), penetrating injury(15.4%), and miscellaneous (5.7 %), burn (3.1%), falling down injury(2.9 %), bite injury(1.1%) in order. 5. There were 437 cases of survey completed by the EMT. For assessment of mental status of 3 different method : AVPU, 5 scale mental status and GCS, were correlated with EM physician with 99.1%, 98.6%, 97.7 %, respectively. 6. For 320 out of 437 cases of survey completed, 319 patients recieved treatment by the EMT within 30 minute and 1 patient between 30 to 60 minute of an ED arrival. 7. For those 437 cases of survey completed, 266 patient (60.9%) had adequate treatment and 54 patients (12.4%) had inadequate treatment. 67 patient (15.3%) did not received treatment but it was adequate inway, and 50 patients (11.9%) did not received treatment even though patient required treatment. In cases of adult trauma patients, EMT's mental status assessment was correlated with EM physician's assessment. But treatment done by EMT without the supervision of EM physician was adequate only in 76.2 %. Therefore, continuous education and assessment of treatment performed by EMT in needed to improve field treatment by EMT future.

뇌성마비환아에서의 뇌 자기공명영상과 SPECT 소견

박창일,김성우,김유철,신지철,이종두,박창일,김성우,김유철,신지철 大韓再活醫學會 1997 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.21 No.6