Marina Carr and Tom Murphy's Alternative Narrative: Rewriting the Irish Oral Tradition

( Jeong¸ Youn-gil ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2013 영어권문화연구 Vol.6 No.2

This study examines how Tom Murphy and Marina Carr use Irish oral tradition motifs such as folklore in their plays to bring the audience to a state of mind where they engage with Ireland's search for a cultural post-colonial identity. In The Mai, Carr employs the “myth within the play” construction. As we saw, within the Owl Lake myth, Carr seems both to mirror and modify, at times even contradict, the original folktales on which she bases her myth of Owl Lake. Carr draws a link between the life of her protagonist, the protagonist of the myth, and links both to the Irish identity question in Portia Coughlan. As did the myth of Owl Lake, the Belmont River reflects a myriad of Irish folktale motifs. Murphy's play also explores the difficulty and pressure imposed on the individual suffering from outmoded myths and unable to make a new continual mode of living that integrates important cultural change. As a result, they are especially effective in modernizing the folk motifs to speak to the increasingly fragmented diaspora of Irish, and revitalize not only these past traditions, but in turn, perhaps also the Irish identity.

America in Brian Friel’s Plays

( Jeong¸ Youn-gil ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2014 영어권문화연구 Vol.7 No.2

This paper explores Friel's perspective towards America has changed, by examining his depiction of Irish American immigrants, his evocative portrayal of America as villain and his stylistic and thematic similarities to American playwrights Thorn Wilder and Tennessee Williams. At first, I investigate the discussion of emigration to America from the female perspective in The Loves of Cass McGuire and Translations. And then I examines the reasons behind his increasing disgust with American selfishness and the materialism, as typified in The Mundy Scheme and American Welcome. Lastly, I consider his debt to two American playwrights, Thornton Wilder and Tennessee Williams. As a result, I can understand the complexities of meaning America has for Friel.

桂窩 成一濬의 漢詩 考察

鄭吉連(Jeong, Gil-yeon) 동양한문학회(구 부산한문학회) 2021 동양한문학연구 Vol.58 No.-

본고는 의령지역의 학자인 桂窩 成一濬의 한시를 통해 그의 삶을 살피고자 하였다. 桂窩는 의령지역에서 守坡 安孝濟, 素窩 許巑 등과 함께 이른바 ‘三庚戌’로 일컬어 졌던 학자이다. 그는 일찍이 서울에 가서 性齋 許傳을 뵙고 爲己之學에 대한 가르침을 듣고서 고향으로 돌아와 의령지역에 사는 紫東 李正模 등과 경전을 강론하며 평생 학문에 정진했다. 그는 평생 한시 260여 수를 남겼다. 그의 시는 조탁을 일삼지 않고 天機로 지었으며, 시풍은 예스럽고 간결하며[古簡], 평온하고 담박[沖澹]하다는 평가를 받았다. 계와 성일준의 시를 몇 가지 경향으로 분류하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 매화를 주제로 한 시에서는 역경에 굴하지 않는 선비의 기상과 고결한 인품을 묘사하였고, 혹은 지조를 지키지 못하는 선비를 조롱하기도 하였으며, 혹은 다가올 장래에 대한 작은 희망을 걸어보기도 하였다. 둘째, 隱居詩에서는 주로 桂山亭에서의 소박한 생활을 통해 철따라 변화하는 주변의 경관을 읊거나, 또는 벗과 술을 마시면서 담소를 나누는 등 극히 일상적인 것에 주목하면서 유유자적한 삶을 노래했다. 셋째, 會合詩에서는 정자나 서재 등지에서 서로 만나 밤을 새워가며 강론하고 담소하면서 상대방이 지닌 장점을 배우려는 작품이 많았다. 넷째, 급변하는 시대상황을 읊은 시에서는 당시의 암울한 시대를 ‘촉땅 가는 길처럼 어렵다’, ‘풍조가 한판 뒤집혔다’, ‘홍수가 하늘을 덮었다’ 등의 절망적인 표현을 사용하며 매우 우려했다. 그러나 한편으로는 스스로가 더욱 학문에 힘써서 손자들에게 할아버지의 유학자다운 모습을 심어주려고 하였다. 다만 계와유고에는 그의 시문 외에 經學과 관련한 저술이 없다는 것이 아쉽다. 그렇지만 계와는 당시 의령지역에서 ‘局量이 있는 학자’로 일컬어졌으니, 이는 글을 읽은 선비로서 전통학문을 수호하는데 일정한 역할을 했다고 할 수 있겠다. Gyewa(桂窩) Seong Il-jun(成一濬) was a scholar of the Joseon period who lived in Euiryeong. The purpose of this study was to look into characteristics of his life and literature, especially by reviewing poems that he wrote in Chinese letters. In his contemporary times, there were three scholars in Euiryeong who were so-called ‘Samgyeongsul(三庚戌)’. The three were Gyewa Seong Il-jun, Supa(守坡) Ahn Hyo-je(安孝濟) and Sowa(素窩) Heo Chan(許巑). Regarding his life, Gyewa earlier came up to Seoul where he was taught by Seongjae(性齋) Heo Jeon(許傳) about ,sort of, studies of self-discipline, or ‘Wigijihak(爲己之學)’. After that, Seong Il-jun went back home, and devoted himself to building scholarship of his own for the rest of his life as he taught and discussed Confucian scriptures with Jadong(紫東) Yi Jeong-mo(李正模) who also lived in Euiryeong. Throughout his life, Gyewa wrote and remained about 260 pieces of poems in Chinese letters. Those poems were generally recognized as natural with little elaboration, stylistically retro but simple and having calm and neat tastes. This study largely classified characteristics of the poems as follows. First, among the poetic writings by Gyewa Seong Il-jun, those with the subject of apricot flowers imply the spirit and personal dignity of Confucian scholars who stand up to trouble in life. Second, in his some poems about being a hermit, Seong Il-jun depicted what living in a free and easy way is like, especially by focusing on seemingly trivial aspects of life, for example, time-spending in contentness at Gyesangjeong, different sceneries around the pavilion in different seasons or talking with friends while having drinks with them. Third, among poetic works by Gyewa, many of pieces depicting meet-ups reveal that he was willing to learn others’ strong points as he talked and exchanged arguments with them all night long at a pavilion or library. And fourth, some of the poems that Seong Il-jun remained suggest how much he had concerns over unexpected rapid changes and darkness of the times when he lived. He revealed those concerns with desperate expressions like ‘It’s hard as much as reaching the soil of Shu’, ‘Conventional wisdoms overturned all at once’ and ‘The sky was covered up with floods’. By the way, however, Gyewa Seong Il-jun tried to show his grandchildren a good example of being a Confucian scholar by working harder on academic accomplishment by himself.

발꿈치힘줄이 절단된 흰쥐의 가자미근과 장단지근내의 모세혈관과 신경섬유의 형태학적 연구

고정식,최기수,양남길,안의태,박경호,김진국 대한해부학회 1995 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.28 No.1

백서 Paraquat 두여에 의한 간과 폐 조직의 산화성 손상에서 Vitamin C와 Deferoxamine의 항산화 효과에 관한 연구

정연권,서길준,정중식,정성은,최국진,윤여규 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Background: The toxicity of paraquat has been known to be caused by oxygen free radicals which leads to the lipid peroxidation and multiple organ failure. Although vitamin C has been known to be a potent antioxidant, recently there are numerous data which have shown that a low dose of vitamin C may act as a prooxidant due to the stimulation of the Fenton reaction with metal ions, which produces hydroxyl radicals. It has been reported that a deferoxamine in paraquat intoxication could reduce the production of the hydroxyl radicals by the inhibition of the Fenton reaction through the reduction of iron ion in tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the high and low dose of vitamin C and deferoxamine on lipid peroxidation and plasma TNF-α in paraquat intoxication. Methods: Female Sprague -Dawley rats were divided into seven groups: control group which was not given paraquat(20 mg/kg), P group which was given paraquat only, PVH group given paraquat and high dose of vitamin C(100 mg/kg), PVL group given paraquat and low dose of vitamin C(10 mg/kg), PVHD given paraquat, high dose of vitamine C and deferoxamine(100 mg/kg), PVLD given paraquat, low dose of vitamin C and deferoxamine, and PD given paraquat and deferoxamine. Animals were killed at 6 and 24 hours after treatment. Malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione(GSH) contents, catalase activity, plasma TNF-α, and histologic changes in the lung and liver tissue were measured. Results: The lung histology in the PVH and PD or PVHD groups showed the significant decreases in the alveolar edema and interstitial thickness compared to the P group. The liver histololgy in the PVH and PVHD groups demonstrated marked differences in the central venous and sinusoidal dilatation compared to that of the P group. While the MDA levels of the lung and liver in the PVH and PD groups showed the significant reduction compared to that of the P group at 6 hours after treatment, all groups showed the significant changes compared to the P group at 24 hours. There was no significant change of the SOD levels of the lung and liver at 6 hours among all groups. At 24 hours, the SOD levels of the lung in PVH, PVL, and PVHD groups showed the significant increases compared to the P group. The increase of the SOD level in groups combined with deferoxamine, however, revealed a little reduction. The SOD level of the liver in PVH group only significantly increased compared to the P group at 24 hours. There was no significant change of the GSH level of the lung and liver among all groups at 6 hours. At 24 hours, the GSH level of the lung and liver were significantly increased in both PVH and PD group and PVH group, respectively, compared to the P group. Although the catalase activity of the lung was not significantly increased, that of liver was signiflcantly increased in both PVHD and PD groups compared to the P group at 6 hours. The catalase activities of the lung and liver were significantly increased in PVH, PD, and PVHD at 24 hours. The concentrations of the plasma TNF-α were slightly decreased at 6 hours and slightly increased at 24 hours compared to that of the P group, but they were not significant. Conclusion: This study showed that although the low dose of vitamin C had no effect, the high dose of vitamin C revealed a decrease of the MDA level and an increase of SOD, GSH, and catalase activity in the lung and liver tissues, and the effect of the high dose of vitamin C increased with time. The administration of the deferoxamine with or without high dose of vitamin C, however, significantly showed the inhibition of the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant effect and low dose vitamin C decreased the effect of deferoxamine. The effects of the vitamin C and deferoxamine on plasma TNP-α were not clearly shown.

혈액투석 환자에게서 발생한 재생불량성 빈혈 1예

정지용,윤나라,강대웅,오종찬,장재현,선길홍,박경희,정종훈,김현리 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.1

Aplastic anemia is a disease characterized by pancytopenia in the peripheral blood and hypocellular bone marrow with the fatty infiltration. The causes of the acquired aplastic anemia were usually related to drugs and immune-related diseases. A 34-years old man was admitted due to general weakness. He has been going hemodialysis for 2 years because of end stage renal disease (ESRD) due to chronic glomerulonephritis. At admission, laboratory tests showed hemoglobin 6.2 g/dL, hematocrit 18.0 %, WBC 5,710mm (neutrophil 71.8%, lymphocyte 19.1%, monocyte 5.9%), reticulocyte 1.9%, platelet 93,000/mm, Fe 12.8 ug/dL, TIBC 204 ug/dL, ferritin 941.47 ng /ml, haptoglobin 0.72 g/L, vitamin B12 508.17 pmol/L, folate 24 ng/mL, total protein 6.54 g/dL, albumin 3.76 g/dL, Alk. pohsphatase 79 IU/L, AST 30.0 IU/L, ALT 39.7 IU/L, total bilirubin 0.57 mg/dl, BUN 79.4 mg/dl and creatinine 10.18 mg/dl. Peripheral blood smear showed the normocytic normochromic anemia with anisocytosis. Anemia was diagnosed but it was irresponsive to the recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO) and blood transfusion. In the bone marrow aspiration smear were there the hypoplastic myeloid and erythroid precursors. The bone marrow biopsy section showed the hypoplasia of all components (10-20%) and the fatty infiltration. We have experienced one case of the idiopathic aplastic anemia in a patient going through hemodialysis and we just report it with documentary records. 저자들은 혈액 투석 중인 환자에서 약물, 면역계 이상등의 원인을 발견할 수 없었음에도 재생 불량성 빈혈이 발생한 1예를 경험하여 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

PBD가 설치된 연약지반의 원심모형실험에 관한 연구

정길수,박병수,전상현,유남재 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2006 産業技術硏究 Vol.26 No.A

This study is the results of experimental and numerical study on the consolidational behavior of multi-layered soft soil ground installed with plastic board drains (PBD). Centrifuge model tests with a marine clay sampled from field were performed to investigate the consolidational behavior of multi-layered ground where a dredged soil was placed on the soft clay ground and PBDs were installed. Test results were compared with those of numerical analyses, using the 2-D equivalent model previously proposed. From test resuts, it was found that the amount of consolidation settlement occurred in the original ground due to embankment surcharge loads was in the range of 38% of total settlement in the whole ground. From the results of cone penetration tests executed after finishing the centrifuge model tests, the cone resistance was found to increase with depth. The measured water contents inbetween PBDs were in the ranges of 38~50% and their values tended to increase with increasing the distance between PBDs.

崩積土의 風化度가 自然斜面의 進行性 崩壞에 미치는 影響

鄭斗永,崔吉烈,李廣俊 全北大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

This study is an investigation of the influence of weathering degree on progressive failure slope. The clay mineral is kaolinite in failure soil layer which distributed in Granite - Schist rock zone of the Mesozic era and the thick of it is less than 3mm in heavy weathered soils, and so the failure form is friction type. The failure layer is sandy soils which have limited influence elements in sliding movement, and so the failure type is collapse type and bed rock failure type. The relationship between Ig-loss and saturation degree is an inverse proportion in characteristics of failure soils, and the saturation degree in laboratory sliding model increase about 78% to 85% and the effective porosity is deduced in 28% to 35%. The steady pore pressure(+) which produced according to rainfall time have more effective elements under the influence of precedent rainfall or concentrating precipitation on pointed day than weathering condition of failure soils, because the heavy weathered layer and rock-cracking layer is non-development state.

연령이 증가함에 따른 흰쥐 망막의 막대세포, 원뿔세포 및 바깥얼기층의 미세구조 변화

고정식,한종원,양남길,안의태 대한해부학회 1992 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.25 No.3

전어,볼락,말쥐치 혀의 조직학적 구조 및 Glycoconjugates에 대한 Prelectin 조직화학

정길남,강미경,조운복 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2006 교사교육연구 Vol.45 No.-

경골어류인 전어, 볼락 및 말쥐치 혀의 구조는 H-E 염색, PAS 염색 및 AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5 염색으로, 혀 점액질 성상은 AB pH 2.5, AB pH 1.0, AB pH 0.4, PAS, AB pH 2.5-PAS, AB pH 1.0-PAS 및 AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5 염색으로 검색하였다. 1. 전어, 볼락 및 말쥐치 혀의 상피는 중층편평상피로 구성되며 점액세포들이 전어에서 혀 등쪽상피세포사이에, 볼락과 말쥐치에서 등쪽면과 하면 상피세포사이에 분포하며 모든 어종에서 등쪽면에 더 많이 분포하고 점액세포 수는 볼락에서 제일 많고 그 다음이 말쥐치, 전어였다. 2. 혀 결합조직은 전어는 섬유연골판, 탄성연골판 및 초자연골판으로, 볼락은 섬유연골판, 큰 상피양소체, 백색지방조직 및 초자연골판으로, 말쥐치는 섬유결합조직판으로 구성되어 있었다. 3. 혀 점액세포는 말쥐치는 neutral GCs만을 함유하나 전어와 볼락은 acid GCs와 neutral GCs가 다같이 나타나며 전어는 acid GCs의 양이 많았다. 전어는 nonsulfated GCs 양이 sulfated GCs 양보다 훨씬 더 많았으나 볼락은 sulfated GCs 양이 nonsulfated GCs 양 보다 더 많았다. 말쥐치는 neutral GCs만을 분비하는 점액세포 1종이, 전어는 nonsulfated GCs를 분비하는 점액세포, nonsulfated GCs와 sulfated GCs를 분비하는 점액세포 2종이, 볼락은 sulfated GCs를 분비하는 점액세포, sulfated GCs와 nonsulfated GCs를 분비하는 점액세포 및 nonsulfated GCs를 분비하는 점액세포 3종이 관찰되었다. 4. 혀 결합조직 GCs의 조직화학적 성상은 어종과 부위에 따라 차이가 있어 섬유연골판에서 전어 및 볼락은 sulfated GCs와 nonsulfated GCs가 관찰되었으며 전어는 sulfated GCs 양이 더 많았고 볼락은 nonsulfated GCs 양이 더 많았으나 말쥐치는 nonsulfated GCs만을 함유하고 있었다. 전어의 탄성연골판은 neutral GCs만을 함유하고 있었다. 초자연골판에서 전어는 sulfated GCs와 nonsulfated GCs의 혼합성이나 볼락은 sulfated GCs만을 함유하고 있었다. H-E, PAS and AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5 staining techniques were applied to study structure of tongues in teleosts, i.e., Clupanodon punctatus, Sebastes inermis and Cantherines modestus. For distribution of lingual mucosubstances AB pH 2.5, AB pH 1.0, AB pH 0.4, PAS, AB pH 2.5-PAS, AB pH 1.0-PAS and AF pH 1.7-AB pH 2.5 stains were performed. 1. The linings of tongues in Clupanodon punctatus, Sebastes inermis and Cantherines modestus were mucous membranes consisting of stratified squamous epithelium with mucous cells. Mucous cells existed in the dorsal surface of lingual mucosa in Clupanodon punctatus, in the dorsal and inferior surface in Sebastes inermis and Cantherines modestus. Mucous cells occurred predominantly in the dorsal surface in the all kinds of fishes studied. Sebastes inermis had the highest number of mucous cells, followed by Cantherines modestus, Clupanodon punctatus. 2. The following lingual cartilages consisted: in Clupanodon punctatus, fibrous cartilage, elastic cartilage and hyaline cartilage; in Sebastes inermis, fibrous cartilage, large epitheloid body, white fat tissue and hyaline cartilage; in Cantherines modestus, fibrous connective tissue. 3. Lingual mucous cells in Cantherines modestus contained only neutral GCs, while it contained both acid and neutral GCs in Clupanodon punctatus and Sebastes inermis. Clupanodon punctatus had much more acid GCs which consisted abundant nonsulfated than sulfated GCs. The following lingual mucous cell consisted: one kind of mucous cells secreting only neutral GCs in Cantherines modestus; two kinds of mucous cells secreting nonsulfated GCs and both nonsulfated and sulfated GCs in Clupanodon punctatus; three kinds of mucous cells secreting sulfated GCs, both sulfated and nonsulfated GCs, and nonsulfated GCs in Sebastes inermis. 4. Histochemical properties of GCs in lingual tissue have differences in species and regions. Fibrous cartilage in Clupanodon punctatus and Sebastes inermis had sulfated and nonsulfated GCs. It had only nonsulfated GCs in Cantherines modestus. Clupanodon punctatus had more sulfated than nonsulfated GCs, while Sebastes inermis had more nonsulfated GCs. Elastic cartilage in Clupanodon punctatus contained only neutral GCs. Hyaline cartilage had a mixtures of sulfated and nonsulfated GCs in Clupanodon punctatus, while it had only sulfated GCs in Sebastes inermis.