‘집-나무-산’의 공간기호체계 연구

정유화(Jeong Yu-hwa) 우리문학회 2008 우리文學硏究 Vol.0 No.25

정지용의 시 텍스트는 ‘上/下’의 대립적 코드를 변환해 가며 ‘집-나무-산’이라는 수직상의 공간기호체계를 건축하고 있다. 먼저 ‘상/하’의 대립적 코드로 건축된 ‘집’의 기호체계를 보면, 오로지 自我(지상)와 神(천상)의 교섭만을 중심으로 수직 운동을 한다. 그의 집은 그 수직 운동에 의해 집의 내부와 천상의 세계가 소통ㆍ융합하게 된다. 이에 따라 그의 집은 세속적, 육신적인 집에서 정신적, 종교적인 집으로 전환한다. 하지만 ‘집’의 기호체계는 그 특성상 안팎의 운동을 하기는 쉬워도 상하의 운동을 하기는 매우 어렵다. 그는 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해 ‘집’의 변환코드로써 ‘나무’의 기호체계를 창조하게 된다. ‘나무’의 기호체계는 ‘집’처럼 천상으로만 운동하는 것이 아니라 땅속으로도 동시에 운동하는 수직성을 보여준다. 천상으로의 운동은 神의 성령을 수육하려는 운동이고, 땅속으로의 운동은 원죄의 땅인 ‘검은 흙’을 정화하려는 운동이다. 그리고 이 ‘나무’의 기호체계는 신적인 삶의 원리를 매개해주는 것으로서 육체적 자아를 영혼의 자아로 재생시켜주는 의미작용을 한다. 하지만 문제는 자아와 神이 이미 완전한 합일을 이루고 있기 때문에, 이러한 텍스트를 지속적으로 산출할 필요가 없게 되었다는 사실이다. 이에 따라 그는 ‘나무’의 변환코드로써 ‘산’의 기호체계를 창조하게 된다. 지상과 천상을 매개하는 ‘산’의 기호체계는 ‘나무’의 범주를 벗어나 인간적 삶의 원리와 자연적 삶의 원리를 보여준다. 그래서 ‘산’의 기호체계는 두 층위의 의미작용을 한다. 그중의 하나는 산정을 향한 그의 등정이 다름 아니라 곧 인간적 기표를 해체하고 사물로서의 기표가 된다는 것을 의미한다. 다른 하나는 이와 달리 인간적 가치를 지닌 ‘산장(방)’을 수직상승하게 하여 그 속에서 산정과 천상의 세계를 향유한다는 층위이다. 이러한 구조를 지닌 ‘집-나무-산’의 수직적 공간기호체계를 수평으로 눕힌다면, ‘집-기차-배’의 수평적 공간기호체계와 대응하게 될 것이다. The texts of Jeong's poems switch the codes of 'up' and 'down', and thereby construct a symbolic system of space: 'house-tree-mountain'. The symbolic system of 'house' constructed from these two opposite codes first shows a vertical extension centered on the sole connection between God and the Self. This extension permits the house described by Jeong to connect and unify its interior space and the Heaven. The house is converted accordingly from its physical and secular nature to a spiritual and religious character. However, it is difficult to see that this symbolic system represents an upward-downward extension though susceptible to the inward-outward counterpart. In order to overcome this limitation, Jeong creates another symbolic system of 'tree' instead as a switching code. The symbolic system of 'tree' does not merely indicate an upward extension to the Heaven, as does that of 'house', but also reveals its simultaneous vertical nature of downward extension underneath the Earth. The upward extension is a motion of embodying the spirit of God, and the downward counterpart a motion of purifying the 'black soil' of the Earth of the Sin. The symbolic system of 'tree' also signifies the reproduction of the spiritual Self from the physical as a mediator of the principles of divine life. The problem is however that, because God and the Self have already been unified here, it is not necessary to produce such texts constantly. Accordingly, Jeong devises another symbolic system of 'mountain' as a switching code for that of 'tree'. The symbolic system of 'mountain' mediating between the Earth and the Heaven while freeing itself from the bounds of the category of 'tree' shows the principles of human and natural life. Therefore, this symbolic system has two layers of signification. One of these two layers signifies that Jeong's climb towards the summit of a mountain deconstructs the signifier of being human and becomes a true signifier as being a thing. Unlike this layer, the other signifies that the vertical rise of the mountain hut or cabin bearing a human value alludes to the enjoyment of the Heaven's world and the mountain's summit both in that shelter. The horizontal layout of the vertical symbolic system of 'house-tree-mountain' in this structure enables it to correspond to a horizontal symbolic system of 'house-train-boat'.

농업금융연구의 방법과 과제 : 한국농업금융의 구조와 성격분석을 위한 試論

유정규 건국대학교 1993 대학원 학술논문집 Vol.37 No.-

This paper is a study on the methodology and subject of agricultural finance for analysis of structure and character of agricultural finance in Korea. On the whole, the agrculture plays an important role in national economy. Specially, in the process of the economic development, agricultural sector is regarded as the foundation for overall economic growth in developing country. Therefor, it is necessary to increase investment in the agricultural sector in order to promote other sectors. But, Investment in the agricultural sector is relatively low due to several restrictive factors, compared of other industries; The capital efficiencies in the agricultural sector are low. Agricutural investment requires long-term investment. Amount of assets on individual form are very small. And, farmers are likely to under-estimate the marginal value product of the capital in agriculture. Therefor, agricultural finance or credit has internal and external capital rationing or credit rationing. It is necessary that the positive and effective policies should be taken for increasing the supply of credit for small farmers. That is a 'policy loan'. Policy loans is the finance that is bestowed a favor on the strategic industry sector for the development of national evonomy ; in terms of interest and capital availability. Policy loan in agricultural sector, is a means for of agricultural policy and for social redistribution of capital. However, according as the financial self-regulation had carried out by goverment, aimed to develop the finance business which has spotaneous power itself and to consider the effective value after 1980's, policy is promoted in part of increasing of each agencies brances, expanding the mutual business functions and reducing the differences between bank/s interest rate and that of other's rate. It is meaning that agricultural finance, because it's condition is unsuitable for competition with other's. Therefor, nowdays subject of agricultural finance is the solution of this limit. It is nacessary to be continueed the positive and effective policy loan in agricultural sector in order that agricultural finance finance will contribute to the increase of agricultural productivity, up-grade of the economic and social status of farmers, and the assurance of a balanded development of the natioal economy.

원격 체육수업 콘텐츠 개발 방향 연구

유창완,양종현,박정준 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2021 교과교육학연구 Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study is to provide a direction for developing content to be utilized in online physical education( PE) class situations. Four faculty members and four school sports content production experts produced examples of content development after identifying the forms and difficulties of PE curriculum analysis, online PE class content analysis, and online PE classes. The principles and methods for restructuring the areas of PE curriculum and achievement criteria were adjusted from five to four, and achievement criteria were restructured in the categories of ‘maintenance’, ‘integration’, ‘modification’ and ‘movement’. Examples of physical activities were selected to develop content for online PE classes, and details of content development examples were defined, including topics for each unit, major learning activities, teaching and learning strategies, and evaluation methods. The direction of future development of contents for online PE classes is as follows. First, the PE curriculum should be restructured following the proportion of online PE classes. Second, while utilizing ‘modified physical activity’ to be carried out in online PE classes, it should be aligned to existing physical activities. Third, it should be developed as ‘real-time interactive’ content rather than one-way video content. It is required to establish an online evaluation system in the future and adopt diversified ways to reflect performance evaluations. 본 연구의 목적은 원격 체육수업 상황에서 활용할 콘텐츠 개발 방향을 제시하는 데 있다. 4명의 교수진과 4명의 학교체육 콘텐츠 제작 전문가가 체육과 교육과정 분석, 원격 체육수업 콘텐츠 분석, 원격 체육수업의 형태 및 어려움 등을 파악하고 콘텐츠 개발 예시를 제작하였다. 체육과 교육과정의 영역과 성취기준의 재구성 원칙과 방법을 구안하여, 영역은 5개에서 4개로 조정하고, 성취기준은 ‘유지’, ‘통합’, ‘수정’, ‘이동’ 의 방식으로 재구성하였다. 원격 체육수업 콘텐츠 개발을 위해 신체활동 예시를 선정하고, 단원별 주제, 주요 학습 활동, 교수·학습 전략, 평가 방법이 포함된 콘텐츠 개발 예시를 상세화하였다. 향후 원격 체육수업 콘텐츠 개발 방향은 첫째, 체육과 교육과정은 원격 체육수업 비중에 따라 재구성해야 한다. 둘째, 원격 체육수업에서 수행할 ‘변형 신체활동’을 활용하되, 기존 신체활동과 연계성이 있어야 한다. 셋째, 일방향의 동영상 콘텐츠 활용형보다는 ‘실시간 쌍방향형’ 콘텐츠로 개발해야 한다. 향후 온라인 평가 시스템을 구축하고, 수행평가를 반영할 수 있는 방법을 현재보다 다양화해야 한다.

活性炭에 依한 톨루엔 吸着特性에 관한 硏究

丁悠心,鄭在灌 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1994 論文集 Vol.45 No.2

Adsorption on activated carbon on the basis of an effective and widely used process for removing toluene from municipal and waste waters has been studied. In this study, the toluene adsorption from aqueous solutions was performed using the activated carbon manufactured by Duksan Chemical Co. and Wako Pure Chemical Co. The main experimental procedures were divided into two parts of batch experiments and differential bed column tests. The results were as fllows : 1. In the test of pH effects on adsorption, maximum adsorption capacity on activated carbon was observed at pH 7 in solutions and toluene was adsorbd better in acid solution than in basic solution. 2. The adsorption isotherm experiments were conducted at various initial concentrations and at initial pH fixed and no pH fixed in solutions, with varying carbon dosages. As the best fit Freundlich adsorption isotherm in solution at pH 7 was determined as follows ; q_1=2.230 x 10^3 C^0.635_s 3. At the flow rate of 480㎤/min greater than 430㎤/min above which the film diffusion resistance was minimized in the differential bed column tests, the reaction kineties for the removal of toluene in aqueous solution by activated carbon showed that r = 0.572 C^0.589_fc - [0.472 log C_i + 1.193] q^(3.409Ci^-0.495)_s 4. The remaining toluene concentration was less, after toluene was adsorbed in aqueous solution, by imported activated carbon[IAC] than by Korean activated carbon[KAC] so IAC showed good results. However, Freundlich adsorption isotherm showed favorable results with KAC in terms of numerical values of constant 1/n and equilibrium constant k when the isotherm was applied.

Bromelain과 Zn-Methlonnine 혼합 급여가 젖소의 산유량 및 체세포수에 미치는 영향

정유진,김용국 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.2

Holstein cows(n=8) were assigned to control diet(n=4) and treatment diet(n=4) containing products of Bromelain(50g/kg) and Zn-methionine (133g/kg). Basal diet was mixed as total mixed rations with 60% concentrate and 40% roughage(rice straw) and fed for 8 weeks. The milk production, somatic cell counts in milk were measured and determined. The results were summarized as follow. Average milk production was higher for cows fed treatment diet(30.2kg/d) than cows fed control diet(29.6kg/d) (P<0.05). The somatic cell counts was significantly lower for cows fed treatment diet(179.8×10³/ml) than cows fed control diet (260.8x10³/ml)(P<0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of both Bromelain and Zn-methionine increased milk production and reduced somatic cell counts in milk. 본 실험은 사료 첨가제로써 Bromelain과 Zn-methionine의 급여가 착유우의 산유량 및 체세포 수 함량에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 실시하였다. 홀스타인 착유우 8두(대조구 4두 및 처리구 4두)를 공시하여 대조구는 기본 사료를 급여하고 처리구에서는 Zn-methionine 133g/kg(Zn 20 및 methionine 46.7g)과 bromelain 50g/kg(br 30g/kg)을 경구투여하였다. 그리고 시험은 착유우의 비유초기에 8주간 실시하였다. 본 시험에서 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 두당 평균 유량은 대조구(29.6kg)에 비하여 처리구(30.2kg)에서 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 우유내 체세포수는 대조구(260.8Xl0³ml)에 비하여 처리구(179.8X10³ml)에서 현저하게 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 따라서 이들 첨가물의 급여는 착유우의 산유량을 증가시키고 우유의 위생상 지표가 될 수 있는 체세포수의 감소를 가져오는 결과를 얻었다.

신경 회로망을 이용한 분할 및 인식 결합 시스템

劉正守 전주교육대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

We present a neural network architecture that simultaneously performs segmentation and recognition of input pattrns that self-organizes to detect input pattern locations. We present herea neural network algorithm that simultaneously sigments and recognizes in an integrated system. The resulting system simultaneously segments and recognizes seperating characters and nosiy images with high accuracy. But, this algorithm encounters difficulty if the characters are touching broken. This algorithm is able to take position-independent information as targets and self-organize the activities of the nodes in a competitive fashion to infer the position information

〈安憑夢遊錄〉 硏究 : 敍事構造의 持性과 主題를 중심으로

유정일 청주대학교 학술연구소 2004 淸大學術論集 Vol.2 No.-

Followings were revealed through the analysis of <Anbingmongyurok>. Firstly, in<Anbingmongyurok>, Mr. Art(安生) recognized the nature of 'Hwaguk-The Country of Flowers' by meeting personified figures. Consequently, he kept distance from flowerbed (negative space) and was absorbed in reading only with clean mind. The recognition of Mr. An was from the comparison between the world of the things and the world of human beings. <Anbingmongyurok>showed the process of dedication to Study of a Confucist by 'Gyeokmulchiji, thorough reasoning of things into truth'('格物致和') of 《Daehak (大學)》. Secondly, the flowerbed in<Anbingmongyurok>had allegorical and historical characteristics. Additionally, the confronting characters had allegorical meanings addition to facial meanings. Gwang-han Shin presented the process of his life dedicating to reading after retiring from the world of politics in this novel.

저분자량 폴리에틸렌이민을 이용한 유전자 송달 및 발현 유효성 연구

정길재,박귀례,신지영,최한곤,오유경 한국약제학회 2004 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.34 No.4

Branched and linear polyethylenimines (PEIs) have been studied as efficient and versatile agents for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo. PEIs exist in a linear or branched topology and are available in a wide range of molecular weight (Mw). Most studies have been done using PEIs with Mw higher than 10Kd. This study was aimed to test the transfection efficiency and the cell viability following gene delivery using PEI of Mw 2Kd, a relatively lower Mw cationic polymer. We used murine interleukin-2(mIL-2) plasmid DNA complexed with branched PEI 2Kd or 25Kd, and transfected them into a myoblast muscle cell line, C2C12. The cellular uptake of mIL-2 plasmid DNA was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RNA transcript levels were studied in the myoblast cells. Our results show that PEI 2Kd was as effective as PEI 25Kd in celluar gene delivery and transfection efficiency in C2C12 cells. Moreover, MTT assay indicated that PEI 2Kd/DNA complexes did not significantly reduce the cell viability regardless of N/P ratios. These results suggest that PEI of Mw 2Kd might play a role as effective and low toxic nonviral vector systems for muscular cell lines.

Fuzzy 신경망을 이용한 두통 환자 감별진단에 관한 연구

劉正守 전주교육대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

This paper describes the differential diagnosis system of the patients suffered from headache. We propose a differential diagnosis system using fuzzy neural net. We present quantify the qualitative information of a patient by dual scaling and estabilish both five fuzzy differential diagnostic sets and the estimated fuzzy linear regression. This system has been tested on several fuzzy information.

복막투석환자의 우울 관련요인

이정림,유병철,임학,이용환 고신대학교 의과대학 2010 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.25 No.2

Background: To access the related factors of depression and to provide the basic data for psychologic problems in patients with peritoneal dialysis. Method: We conducted questionnaire survey using Hamilton depression scale from July to August, 2008. Data were collected from 67 peritoneal dialysis patients who diagnosed end-stage renal disease. Depression was defined over 17 points by Hamilton depression scale. Data analysis were performed with t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis using SAS (ver 9.1). Result: Hamilton depression scale score of patients with peritoneal dialysis was 10.4 ± 5.95 and the prevalence of depression was 28.3%(19/67). The related factors of depression scale in patients with peritoneal dialysis were level of education and health status after peritoneal dialysis. Conclusion: More than quadrant of patients with peritoneal dialysis were suspected depression. In order to prevent depression in patients with peritoneal dialysis, education programs considering their intellectual status and health promotion programs of peritoneal dialysis patients are needed.