위절제술 환자의 표준진료지침 개발 및 적용 효과

김은희,김철규,이순교,김순덕,이혜옥,권정순,이경미,이민미,심순미,유용만,신종식,강은희,이상일,김병식,오성태,육정환,박수길 한국의료QA학회 2003 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.10 No.2

Background : Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Korea. surgical operation is one of the major treatment modalities for gastric cancer patients. Therefore, gastrectomy is one of the most common procedures in General Surgery. There were variation in length of hospital stay and medical treatment for gastrectomy between three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. Clinical pathways have received considerable attention as a tool for recucing the medical practice variation, increasing the efficiency of care process, and improving the quality of care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a clinical pathway for gastrectomy in gastric cancer patients. Methods : The clinical pathway for gastrectomy was developed and implemented by a multidisciplinary group in Asan Medical Center. A computerized clinical pathway program was developed and revised after a pilot test. A total of 145 patients underwent gastrectomy by three surgeons at Asan Medical Center. We compared the length of hospital stay, patient satisfaction, and unplanned readmission rate between the pre-pathway group(n=67) and the post-pathway group(n=78). We also investigated the degree of satisfaction among the physicians and nurses who were main end-users of the clinical pathway. Results : The clinical pathway was applied to all target patients. The average length of hospital stay was shortened from 12.7days to 10.6days(p<0.01). The degree of patient satisfaction with the care process changed from 90.3% to 89.2% after the implementation of the clinical pathway, but the difference was of satistically significant(p=0.761). Unplanned readmission rate was 2.9% in the pre-pathway group. More than 90% of physicians and nurses answered that the clinical pathway had been a useful tool in their medical practice. Conclusions : The findings of the study demonstrated that implementation of the clinical pathway for gastrectomy produced substantial reduction in the length of hospital stay while improving the quality of patient outcomes. The computerized clinical pathway program can be used as one of the powerful patient management tools for reducing the practice variations and increasing the efficiency of care process in Korea hospital settings.

토끼에서 Etofenprox와 Spinosad 합제의 국소자극성 시험

황윤환,김명석,송인배,박병권,양승호,임용현,송치용,안성한,남현수,임정교,정상일,명노일,윤효인 忠南大學校 獸醫科大學 附設 動物醫科學硏究所 2008 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.15 No.1

This study was performed to evaluation the skin and eye irritation of etofenprox 8% and spinosad 4% combination in male New Zealand White rabbits. In skin irritation test, the combination of etofenprox and spinosad did not showed any change of body weight but caused slight skin irritation with the P.I.I. (primary irritation index) value 0.25. The etofenprox and spinosad combination showed severe eye irritation 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after ocular treatment, having the A.O.I. (acute ocular irritation) value of 37.3. Therefore, these result indicated that the combination of etofenprox and spinosad might be irritant formulation on eye and skin.

SRAO CO J=1-0 Line Observation of the Supernova Remnant 3C434.1: A Molecular Cloud - Blocked Remnant

Il-Gyo Jeong,Bon-Chul Koo 한국천문학회 2006 天文學會報 Vol.31 No.2

SUPERNOVA REMNANTS IN THE AKARI FIS ALL-SKY SURVEY

Jeong, Il-Gyo,Koo, Bon-Chul,Lee, Ho-Gyu The Korean Astronomical Society 2012 天文學論叢 Vol.27 No.4

We carry out a systematic study of Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) using the AKARI Far Infrared Surveyor (FIS) survey data. The AKARI Infrared Astronomical Satellite observed the whole sky using the four FIS bands covering 50 to 180 microns with ~1 arcmin resolution. The all-sky coverage with high-spatial resolution provides an unprecedented opportunity to study diffuse, extended far-infrared (FIR) sources such as SNRs. We have searched for FIR counterparts to all 274 known Galactic SNRs, and investigate their FIR properties of identified SNRs. We report preliminary results of the study.

사회적 지지가 뇌성마비장애인의 삶의 질에 미치는 영향 : 자아존중감의 매개효과를 중심으로

정일교(Jeong Il Gyo) 한국장애인재활협회 2015 재활복지 Vol.19 No.4

본 연구는 뇌성마비장애인의 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 자아존중감의 매개효과를 중심으로 분석하는 것이다. 주요 광역자치단체의 장애인복지관과 장애인자립생활센터를 이용하는 324명의 뇌성마비장애인을 대상으로 하였다. 분석결과 뇌성마비장애인의 사회적 지지는 삶의 질에 정적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 뇌성마비장애인의 사회적 지지가 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는데있어서 자아존중감의 부분매개효과가 검증되었다. 본 연구결과, 뇌성마비장애인의 삶의 질을 높 이기 위한 실천방안을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 뇌성마비장애인의 삶의 질을 높이기 위해서는 사회적 지지도 중요하만, 자아존중감이 중요한 변수임을 파악할 수 있었다. 따라서 자아존중감을 높일 수 있는 뇌성마비장애인의 생활조건의 개선, 사회심리적 환경의 개선을 위한 지원이필요하다. 둘째, 사회적 지지 중 친구 · 주변의 지지가 삶의 질에 가장 유의미한 영향을 미치는것으로 나타났는데, 이러한 친구 · 주변의 지지를 강화하기 위해서는 뇌성마비장애인의 사회참여 와 활동을 넓히기 위한 사회적 지지 프로그램의 지원, 장애인 소모임, 친구와 교류 등 다양한 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다. 셋째, 장애정도가 가장 심한 1급의 경우 다른 장애등급에 비하여 사회적 지지와 자아존중감이 낮은 결과, 삶의 질의 경우도 낮게 나타나고 있다. 따라서 장애가 심할수록 사회적, 경제적, 심리적 제약을 많이 받고, 이는 자아존중감을 낮아지게 하여, 삶의 질이 낮아지므로 장애의 정도, 형태 등에 따른 다양한 지원이 필요하다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of social support on the quality of life in people with cerebral palsy, focusing on the mediating effect of self-esteem. For this purpose, this study surveyed 324 people with cerebral palsy who were using welfare centers of the disabled in among the metropolitan self-governing bodies in Korea. According to the results of this study, social support to people with cerebral palsy had a positive effect on their quality of life, and self-esteem had a partial mediating effect on the effect relationship between social support and the quality of life in people with cerebral palsy. First, in improving cerebral pal sy people’s quality of life, social support is important but self-esteem is also a crucial variable. Second, among different types of social support, support from friends and surroundings was found to have the most significant effect on their quality of life. Third, compared to those with less severe disabilities, those with first degree disabilities were found to have lower social support and self-esteem, and consequently, lower quality of life.

송인(宋人)의 고려(高麗) 귀화(歸化) 원인과 유형

정일교 ( Il-gyo Jeong ) 경남대학교 인문과학연구소 2019 人文論叢 Vol.49 No.-

송인의 고려 귀화는 다른 민족의 고려귀화와는 다른 양상을 보인다. 요과 금의 고려 귀화자들은 다수의 인원이 수차례 육로를 통해 귀화하는 것이 일반적이었다. 그렇지만 송인의 경우는 소수의 인원 혹인 단독으로 귀화하는 경우가 대부분이었다. 고려 조정도 송인과 요인 금인의 귀화에 대하여 다른 태도를 취하였다. 송인의 귀화에 대해서는 조정 심지어 왕이 적극적으로 귀화를 추진하였다. 송인의 고려 귀화 유형은 크게 세 가지로 분류해 볼 수 있다. 첫째, 정치혼란을 피해 고려에 귀화한 경우. 둘째, 상선을 타고 자발적으로 고려로 귀화한 경우. 셋째, 고려 조정의 권유로 귀화를 한 경우이다. 송인의 고려 귀화는 대부분이 자발적인 귀화였다. 또한 송의 내·외부적으로 혼란한 시기에 고려로 귀화하는 경우가 많았다. 고려에 귀화한 송인들은 주변국가의 귀화자들과 비교하여 몇 가지 특징을 보이고 있다. 우선, 고려 歸化 宋人 중 일부분은 관료 혹은 귀족 출신들이다. 송인의 고려 귀화시기를 살펴보면 대부분이 北宋末과 南宋末 즉, 송이 내부적으로 혼란하였던 시기이다. 외부 민족의 침입이 있는 상황에서 전통적인 華夷觀을 갖고 있던 송인들은 다른 蠻夷 보다 완정된 국가체제와 중국의 문화를 수용 발전시켜왔던 고려로의 귀화를 자발적으로 선택하였다. 마지막으로 고려 조정은 송인의 고려 귀화를 적극적으로 추진하였다. 고려 조정은 요인과 금인에 대하여 적극적으로 귀화를 추진한 적이 거의 없지만, 송인에 대해서는 적극적인 고려 귀화 혹은 고려에서의 장기체류를 추진하였다. 이는 송인 중에서 학식과 재능이 있는 경우 고려 조정에서 적극적인 귀화를 추진하였다는 사실을 보여주고 있는 것이다. 이러한 송인에 대한 우대 정책이 결국 송의 상류층과 지식인층이 고려로 귀화 할 수 있는 조건을 제공해 주었던 것이다. As activating the trade between the Song[宋] Dynasty and the Korea[高麗] Dynasty, some of the people who visited other country to trade stayed abroad for a long time without returning to their hometown. The two countries respectively made the policies and the laws for managing people who naturalized. Especially the government of Korea prescribed details on appointment, marriage, relief work and return and enforced the system. And the government of Song drafted the legislation on the naturalized people of Korean birth on the basis of the law against people from abroad[蠻夷法]. The appointment of the Song’s people were two ways. The most basic method was to pass the examinations for naturalization. And another method was to receive somebody’s recommendation. Under any circumstance, they had to have their own erudition and ability and be helpful to the Korean government for allowing the naturalization and the appointment. The competent people who have erudition and ability entered the Korean government and had the various government post. They might have played some important roles by diplomatic relations with the Song dynasty. And they might have been available to speak both Chinese and Korean languages. Based on this, they might have been a valuable part of the various areas such as political, economy, culture and so on.

뇌성마비 장애인의 영성이 삶의 질에 미치는 영향

정일교(Il Gyo Jeong) 충남대학교 사회과학연구소 2017 사회과학연구 Vol.28 No.4

12세기(世紀) 남중국(南中國) 독서인(讀書人)의 오락과 유흥

鄭壹敎 ( Jeong Il Gyo ) 중국사학회 2019 中國史硏究 Vol.0 No.118

In the era of Song dynasty, the agricultural productivity had been increased and the handicraft industry had been developed. As a result, the fundamental terms and conditions to develop cities and urbiculture were fulfilled. The walls to separate the section of city[坊墻] that hindered the growth of city were disappeared. Also the system to divide the market of city[坊市] was abolished. This led to the free commercial activity. In the record of the essay about Kaifeng[開封] and Hangzhou[杭州], the former capital cities of Song dynasty, there are on some records of the entertainments of the two cities. The entertainment's center was "Washe Theater[瓦舍勾欄]" in the era of Song dynasty. It seems that "Washe" had already become the popular amusements from Song dynasty. The readers of Song dynasty had played a very important role in the consumer market of culture and entertainment and they were the respected authority of them. The feature of the literati's class in Song dynasty is known from their financial abilities and the character depicted in novel. In the era of Song dynasty, the economy had been developed and the literati had good social standing. The terms and conditions to develop culture were prepared economically and socially. Based on it, the literati had brought the time of unprecedented cultural prosperity. These terms and conditions to develop culture and social differentiation and development are closely linked. And those became the foundation for literature and cultural industry. Unlike the past, the Song government held the Chinese Imperial examination under the new system that standardized and diversified the exam. This led increasing the number of Jinshi[進士] who passed the test, the number of Jinshi even reached up to 700. People came to regard Jinshi as entering public service. A person who won the first place in the exam attained the greatest honor. The rapid development of literati rank caused increasing the number and improving the socioeconomic status of literati. Based on this, literati rank became the leading consumer of culture and entertainment. Also they had largely affected the culture and entertainment of Song dynasty. In terms of the contribution to the culture and entertainment of Song dynasty by the literati, the material prosperity stimulated their passion for creativity. Also the economic development provided the material of literature and helped spread the literature. Thus, the literati and the culture and entertainment market of Song dynasty interacted on each other and contributed to develop of each other.

송전(宋錢)이 고려화폐(高麗貨幣)에 끼친 영향(影響)

정일교 ( Jeong Il Gyo ) 중국사학회 2017 中國史硏究 Vol.109 No.-

The Song dynasty that was established by Zhao Kuangyin had minted and circulated a great deal of cooper coins and iron coins until the fall of the dynasty in 13th century. Also the Song dynasty was the first government in world history to issue paper printed money, Jiaozi(交子) that is regarded as the first paper money, in the first year of Emperor Renzong(1023). The southern Song dynasty had used the metallic currency and bank note such as Jiaozi and Huizi(會子) together. In this situation, the metallic coin, espically cooper coin heavily influenced on neighboring countries and became the international currency in the East Asian economic bloc. The Song dynasty issued the largest amount of metal money and used world`s first paper money. It can be said that the Song`s currency accounts a large part of Chinese history. The increase of currency issuance and the using of the large denomination bill means the development of the commodity market and the growth of the economic scale in the Song dynasty. In spite of the explosive increase of coin issuance than before, the Song dynasty had suffered from coin shortage. This was due to the lack of circulation rather than the shortage of volume. As the growing shortage of coin was threatening, the Song dynasty tried to impose strict regulation on the trade of cooper. It is presumed that one of the biggest causes of the shortage of volume was because the upper classes of Song dynasty saved cooper coins as a way of wealth accumulation rather than circulated. It can be learn through where discovered the Song`s coin is the sites of upper class`s mansions or tombs, not the foundry or the cash office. In addition, the Song`s coins were discovered in great quantity in the area of the Liao dynasty during the northern Song dynasty, in the area of the Jin dynasty during the southern Song dynasty and Japan. This is also confirmed through historical records that Song`s coin was flowed out into these regions. From 10th century to 13th century, many other countries such as Liao, Jin, Korea and Japan minted their own coin. However, the quantity of these coins were poorer than the Song`s coin. It led to the appreciation of the song`s coin in these regions. The status of the Song`s coin at that time in the East Asia is similar to the position of US dollar today.

활동보조서비스의 이용에 따른 장애인의 생활변화에 대한 연구

정일교(Jeong, Il-Gyo) 한국지역사회복지학회 2007 한국지역사회복지학 Vol.0 No.23