Ether-free polymeric anion exchange materials with extremely low vanadium ion permeability and outstanding cell performance for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) application

Cha, Min Suc,Jo, Sang Woo,Han, Seung Hui,Hong, Soo Hyun,So, Soonyong,Kim, Tae-Ho,Oh, Seong-Geun,Hong, Young Taik,Lee, Jang Yong Elsevier 2019 Journal of Power Sources Vol.413 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Ether-free poly(<I>p</I>-phenylene)-based anion exchange membrane materials with outstanding vanadium ion blocking properties are reported. The synthesized ionomers with a rigid backbone structure show small dimensional variations despite the high ion exchange capacities. Among the synthesized membranes, the QPPP-2 membrane with ion exchange capacity of 2.1 meq·g<SUP>−1</SUP> exhibits high anion (OH<SUP>−</SUP>, SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP>, and Cl<SUP>−</SUP>) conductivity. The QPPP-2 membrane shows an extremely low diffusion coefficient (2.12 × 10<SUP>−9</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> min<SUP>−1</SUP>) for VO<SUP>2+</SUP>, which is much lower than that of Nafion 115 (2.88 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> min<SUP>−1</SUP>), indicating the vanadium ion blocking property of QPPP-2. Moreover, the chemical and operational stabilities of the membranes are investigated <I>via</I> ex situ soaking tests in 0.1 M VO<SUB>2</SUB> <SUP>+</SUP> solution and in situ operation tests for 100 cycles, respectively. The vanadium redox flow battery single cell assembled with the QPPP-2 membrane exhibits a coulombic efficiency of 99%, voltage efficiency of 87%, and energy efficiency of 86% during 100 cycles at 80 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>. The excellent chemical, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the QPPP-2 membrane make it suitable for use in vanadium redox flow battery.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> AEMs are fabricated by a Ni(0)-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. </LI> <LI> The synthesized ionomers indicated excellent dimensional and chemical stability. </LI> <LI> Ether-free polymeric AEMs showed extremely low vanadium ion cross over. </LI> <LI> The performance of developed AEM showed high EE (87%) with high capacity retention. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Sonocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine and diclofenac in the presence of graphene oxides in aqueous solution

Al-Hamadani, Yasir A.J.,Lee, Gooyong,Kim, Sewoon,Park, Chang Min,Jang, Min,Her, Namguk,Han, Jonghun,Kim, Do-Hyung,Yoon, Yeomin Elsevier 2018 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.205 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This research investigated the removal of carbamazepine (CBZ) and diclofenac (DCF) in water using ultrasonic (US) treatment in the absence or presence of graphene oxides (GOs). Three frequencies and three pH conditions were tested (28, 580, and 1000 kHz and 3.5, 7, and 9.5, respectively). Regarding the effects of US frequency and pH, 580 kHz and pH 3.5 were more effective at removing CBZ and DCF (>86% for CBZ and >92% for DCF) than 1000/28 kHz and pH 7/9.5 within 60 min. However, sonocatalytic removal was enhanced in the presence of GOs; more than 99% CBZ and DCF removal was achieved at 580 kHz and pH 3.5 within 40 min. The sonicated GOs were more stable at 28 kHz than at higher frequencies of 580 and 10,00 kHz. The adsorption of CBZ and DCF has increased when GOs were sonicated at 28 kHz (44% and 61%, respectively) compared with 580 kHz (34% and 52%, respectively) and 1000 kHz (18% and 39%, respectively). The negative charges of GOs increased at 28 kHz (−105.1 mV), however, it decreased at higher frequencies such as 580 kHz (−71.5 mV) and 1000 kHz (−58.6 mV), which led to increased electrostatic repulsion that increased the stability of the GO particles in water. The overall enhancement in CBZ and DCF removal was due to an increase in cavitational bubbles, which in turn led to increased production of OH<SUP>•</SUP> and enhanced adsorption due to dispersion (resulting from US irradiation), which caused an increase in active adsorption sites of the GOs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Sonocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine and diclofenac under different pH and frequency conditions was studied. </LI> <LI> Enhancement in the sonodegradation of carbamazepine and diclofenac was achieved in the presence of graphene oxides. </LI> <LI> The stability and adsorption of graphene oxides at different frequency conditions were evaluated. </LI> </UL> </P>

여수국가산업단지 인근 지역 대기오염물질 농도에 영향을 미치는 요인분석

김민영,변정훈,이영훈,이건영,한지은,이예림,임지현,장봉기 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 2022 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.28 No.1,2

Eight monitoring stations in the Yeosu National Industrial Complex will determine the concentration of air pollutants measured every hour in 2019, analyze what factors affect them, and how they correlate with the air pollutant measurements. Six air pollutants (SO2, NO2, O3, CO, PM-10 and PM-2.5) measured at eight monitoring stations around Yeosu National Industrial Complex (Seogang-dong, Wolnae-dong, Munsu-dong, Yeocheon-dong, Deokchung-dong, Hwayang-myeon, Yulchon-myeon, Samil-dong) the measurement data for each hour of the year were downloaded to analyze the concentration by weather condition, time zone, season, separation distance from Yeosu Industrial Complex, and separation distance from Gwangyang Industrial Complex. SO2, NO2, and CO concentrations were significantly higher in winter, significantly lower in summer, and O3, PM-10, and PM-2.5 concentrations were significantly higher in spring. SO2, CO, PM-10, and PM-2.5 concentrations were significantly higher between 10 a.m. and 12 p.m., NO2 concentrations were significantly higher between 7 a.m. and 9 a.m., and O3 concentrations were significantly higher between 13 p.m. and 15 p.m.(p<0.001). The concentration of air pollutants (SO2, NO2, CO, PM-10, PM-2.5) excluding O3 was found to have a negative (-) correlation with weather condition, and in the case of O3, it was found to have a positive (+) correlation with PM-10, PM-2.5, temperature and wind speed. It was confirmed that the concentration of air pollutants emitted from the Yeosu National Industrial Complex differs depending on the season, time and distance to the industrial complex. This study aims to establish measures to minimize health damage to residents living relatively close to the industrial complex and contribute to the establishment of management and response measures according to the properties of substances to reduce the concentration of air pollutants in the future.

조깅과 중량운동의 혼합 운동 프로그램이 에너지 소비량에 미치는 영향

한상철,장희정,이수영,이상호,이상현,하민수 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.20 No.1

Since any exercise program is related with health, we cannot but take into consideration the efficiency of fat consumption. This study was aimed at determining the effects of the exercise programs combining jogging and weight training on nutrient-wise energy consumption in order to facilitate consumption of fat during exercise. To this end, 10 male students attending department of sports science of T University located in Incheon were sampled to be subject to exercise programs combining jogging and weight training. The subjects were urged to do weight training before jogging or vice versa. Then, intake of oxygen and output of carbon dioxide were measured after each session to analyze the amount of carbohydrate and fat based on the breathing exchange rate. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; There was found no significant difference of oxygen and calorie consumption between two exercise programs, but carbohydrate was more consumed by weight training after jogging, while fat was more consumed by jogging after weight training. During rest after exercise, more oxygen, carbohydrate, fat and calorie were consumed when weight training followed jogging, and during recovery time, more oxygen, carbohydrate, fat and calories were consumed when jogging followed weight training.

정신병리적 언어행위의 형식적 특징규명을 위한 기초연구

민형원,홍성기,정승아,이장한,양병환 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.4

연구목적 : 정신분열병집단과 정상집단의 사고형태의 차이를 언어철학적으로 접근하여 이해하고 이를 바탕으로 사고형태를 측정하는 도구를 개발하고자 한다. 방 법 : 1997년의 예비실험에서 얻은 결과를 중심으로 새로운 작품사진(具象, 抽象의 彫刻과 繪畵)을 약 50장을 선정한 후 반응의 용이성과 다양성을 기준으로 최종 10개의 작품을 실험도구로 결정하였다. 피검자는 1999년 2월부터 동년11월까지 대학병원 신경정신과에 입원한 24명(정신분열병)과 정상대조군으로 19명의 일반인들이 실험에 참가하였다. 피검자들은 제시되는 작품의 제목을 붙이도록 요구받았으며, 피검자의 세 가지 반응측면 즉 반응의 방식, 반응이 지칭하는 작품의 범위, 그리고 반응이 지칭하는 대상의 구체성 혹은 추상성 여부로 구분하여 전체 7가지 양상으로 기호화하였고 각 반응를 직접과 간접으로 구분하였다. 피검자에게 실험을 실시한 후 기호화하여 집단간 빈도분석을 실시하였다. 결 과 : 1) 정신분열병집단이 정상집단보다 직접속성, 단순기술의 반응이 많은 반면에, 정상집단의 경우 투사가 결합된 직접속성, 간접속성, 간접연상, 그리고 개념의 형성에 필요한 일반화가 많았다. 2) 제목과 이 제목이 지칭하는 작품의 범위관계에 대한 정신분열병집단과 정상집단의 반응빈도는 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았으나 두 집단 모두 작품의 부분보다는 전체를 보고 제목을 정하는 경향이 높았고, 비교적 정신분열병집단이 제목을 작품전체를 보고 단순하게 반응하는 경향이 있는 반면에 정상집단은 작품의 일부분을 보고 이를 일반화하는 경향이 많았다. 3) 정신분열병집단과 정상집단 모두 제목의 추상성보다는 구체성이 우세한 경향을 보였으나, 정신분열병집단(95.3%)이 정상집단(71.4%)에 비해서 보다 더 제목의 구체성이 두드러졌으며 정상집단(28.6%)은 정신분열병집단(4.7%)에 비해서 전체 반응빈도에서 제목의 추상성이 더 우세하였다. 4) 정신분열병집단이 정상집단보다 사고의 직접성이 더 높았고(73.5%), 정상집단은 사고의 간접성이 더 높았다.(58.7%). 결 론: 1) 정신분열병집단이 정상집단에 비하여 추론과정과 사고의 단계성이 없는 직접적이고 단순한 형태의 사고형태나 언어표현이 확연히 드러났다. 또한 정신분열병집단이 사물을 지각하고 이를 표현하는데 있어서도 사물의 전체를 보고 단순하게 반응하거나, 구체적이고 직접적인 표현이 많은 것으로 보인다. 2) 본 연구를 통해 개발된 실험도구를 좀 더 넓은 범위의 대상자에게도 반복 적용하여 연구함으로써 지속적인 신뢰도와 타당성을 높일 수 있을 것이다. 또한 개별적 차이에 대한 연구를 병행함으로써 개인간의 혹은 동일한 인물의 시간경과에 따른 사고방식의 차이를 검사할 수 있는 방법으로 정착될 필요가 있다. 3) 비록 양집단 사이의 확연한 차이에도 불구하고 실험도구의 신뢰성을 객관적으로 확보하기 위하여 사고형태 및 언어적 표현에 영향을 미치는 것으로 추정되는 지적능력, 교육연한, 그리고 문화적 경험을 좀 더 고려한 추가연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to identify differences in thinking between schizophrenic patients and healthy subjects with linguistic-philosophical approach and to develop a tool to measure pathological thinking. Methods : Approximately 50 cards(pictures of either representational or abstract sculptures and paintings) from the previous experiment(1997) were carefully examined and 10 cards were selected based on their variety and promptness of the response. Twenty-four schizophrenic patients and 19 healthy subjects participated in this experiment. Participants were required to give a title to each picture. Their responses were analysed based on the forms of thinking, abstractness(or concreteness) and the category of the title. Each response was also coded either direct of indirect. Results : 1) Schizophrenic patients emitted more direct and simple descriptive responses whereas healthy subjects showed projection-related direct traits, indirect traits, indirect association and generalization. 2) Both groups tended to utilize the whole rather than parts. Schizophrenic group depended more on the whole pictures than healthy group. Healthy subjects showed more generalization tendency with parts. 3)Both groups preferred concrete titles to abstract ones. Schizophrenic group(95.3%) used more concrete titles than healthy group(71.4%) and healthy group(28.65%) used more abstract titles than schizophrenic group(4.7%). 4) Schizophrenic patients(73.5%) showed more directness in thinking than healthy subjects, whereas healthy subjects(58.7%) more indirectness. Conclusions : 1) Schizophrenic patients clearly showed direct and simple forms of thinking and expressive language, lacking reasoning, and systematic processing. Additionally, schizophrenic patients simply responded to the whole and used concrete and direct expression. 2) Replication study is warranted to improve reliability and validity of the tool we developed. Research on individual differences needs to be conducted to measure differences among individuals and change over time in an individual. 3) Further study on the factors which might be related to forms of thinking and language expressions, such as intelligence is warranted.

미술비평에서 다원주의와 가치 평가의 문제

장민한 한국미학회 2003 美學 Vol.34 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to examne pluralism and evaluation in art criticism. One of its important issues is the justification of an artwork's evaluation. In the age of modern art there was such a strong belief that artworks have their own unique value. However the advent of artowrk which borrows an image from others or non-artistic things leads us into the doubt about artworks' unique value and reliable criteria. The first question arises as to whether there is a crietrion n the evaluation of artworks. I argue that there ar various criteria. The appropriation of images frustrates the attempt to find out a unique value in art's form or its content. Due to the diversity of values in artworks, they should be evaluated on the basis of how well they achieve their objectives. I conclude that it is possible to evaluate artworks in the same way and that it is far more reasonable to evaluate in the pluralistic way, rather than in the monistic one. The second question is about how to evaluate artworks in the pluaralistic way. I examine the pluralistic way through A. Danto's thesis. His "End of Art"thesis does not allow unique values of artworks. Therefore contemporary art is considered as a free state of arts. I assert that it is possible to evaluate artworks only when one creates artworks with the same objective and the same mode of representation. Finally I emphasize that it is impossible to evaluate artworks only with perceiving the appearance of artworks.

中學 科學敎育의 探究學習에 대한 評價問項 開發 (Ⅱ)

閔庚德,楊洪準,李善行,鄭遠佑,이병교,金裕漢,羅長薰 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1985 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.9 No.-

This study was accomplished to develope the evaluation items for inquiry learning in the 2nd grade Middle School Science for the consecutive study of the evaluation items for inquiry learning in the 1st grade Middle School Science(U-Hang Ki et al, 1984). In this study, paper and pencil test items and performance test items are made by analyzing the abilities of inquiry according to the contents and four basic experiments from each unit in the 2nd grade Middle school science. These evaluation items were applied to tke five classes of the 2nd grade of middle school to test their validity. It is desirable that performance test schuld be used for the evaluation for the abilities of inquiry which can not be evaluated by paper and pencil test. In the evaluation methods of performance test, tester evaluation, peer evaluation and self-evaluation can be applied to the science class in a multi-student class. In higher grade, however tester evaluation is more desirable than peer and self evaluation. It is found that peer evaluation and self-evaluation make possible the perfect study by feedback.

‘숙명역사관’뮤지엄 아이덴티티 개선을 위한 마케팅, 디자인 전략 수립 -특별 기획전, 홍보, 기프트 샵을 중심으로-

박민지,박한빛,서예원,이진민,장미정,이성애 숙명여자대학교 산업디자인연구소 2017 숙명디자인학 연구 Vol.24 No.-

본 연구는 디자인과 마케팅이 이분법적으로 나누어질 수 없음을 인식하고, 디자인과 마케팅을 융합하여 스페이스 디자인 마케팅을 통한 뮤지엄아이덴티티를 구축하는 일련의 프로세스를 제안하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 2017년 3월~6월 총 15주간 숙명여자대학교 환경디자인과 ‘브랜드·스페이스·마케팅’수업에 서 진행된 결과물로서 작업물을 정리하였다. 본 연구의 범위는 4개(物, 事, 人, 場)의 주제 중, 장소(場)를 중심으로 ‘숙명역사관’의 그래픽, 제품, 공간을 개발하는 브랜드 매뉴얼과 연관하여 한정한다. 이에 본 연구는 ‘숙명역사관’이 가지고 있는 역사적 컨텐츠와 가치를 통해 현재 상황과 문제점을 분석하였다. 그 결과 ‘숙명역사관’의 다양한 마케팅 전략을 제시하고 이에 따른 디자인 전략과 해결 방안을 통해 디자인과 마케팅의 융합을 꾀하였다. 아울러 SWOT 분석을 통해 로고, 명함부터 새로 기획하는 숙명역사관 기프트샵, 인테리어디자인, 디스플레이, 공간연출과 그 안의 제품디자인에 이르기까지 일관성과 통일성을 추구했다. 끝으로 본 연구는 뮤지엄아이덴티티 구축을 위한 창의적 디자인 프로세스를 고찰하며, 이를 바탕으로 개발 매뉴얼을 총체적으로 정리함에 있어서 뮤지엄 브랜딩의 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

대도시 생활지역의 환경교육 사례 연구

이민부,한주엽,장의선 한국지리환경교육학회 2002 한국지리환경교육학회지 Vol.10 No.1

대도시 내의 생활지역과 같은 여러 소지역의 자연 및 인공환경을 이해하는 작업은 각 생활지역별 또는 도시 전체범위로 발생하는 환경문제에 대한 올바른 개념형성과 의사결정을 위하여 반드시 이루어져야 한다. 선행 문헌연구와 경관분석은 지역 환경교육 내용을 구성하고, 그의 교수-학습을 위한 주요 접근법이다. 또한 생활지역과 인근지역의 환경요소들은 효과적인 환경교육의 학습자료 및 내용으로 구성 될 수 있다. 현재의 있는 그대로의 지역 환경경관을 관찰하는 것이 도시의 환경교육 내용을 구성하는 데에서 중요하다. 지역 환경교육의 내용과 조사범위 지정, 주요 환경지표를 위한 교수활동은 조사지역에 대한 선행연구 분석, 경관분석에서 교사의 역할이 매우 큰 비중을 차지한다는 것을 뜻한다. 부산광역시의 좌천동·수정동·초량동 일대에 대한 환경학습 사례에서는 교사의 연구에 의한 학습자료의 구성과 제시가 학습자활동을 효과적으로 활성화시킬 수 있다는 관점 하에 구성하였다. 이러한 사례는 어느 특정 지역의 교사가 지역 간 교사들의 모임이나 학술활동을 통하여 다른 지역의 환경 정보를 얻으며 풍부한 환경교육의 자료로 이용할 수 있는 발판이 된다. Understanding of the natural and artificial environments of the living areas in the metropolitan region must be worked out for the right conception-building and decision-making about the environmental issues in their local living area together with the city as a whole. Bibliographical regional studies and landscape analyses are important in constructing and learning contents of the regional and environmental education. The environmental elements of living area and its neighboring area can be fieldsurveyed a nd mapped for the learning materials. The present environmental state of the region’s landscape is important in the construction of the city’s environmental contents. The study of previous works and landscape analysis on the study area are rather the teacher’s job for setting up the range and content of the regional environmental education and presenting major environmental indices to the student. As in a case of Jowacheon, Sujeong and Choryang-dong of Busan metropolitan city, just field work on the natural and artificial landscapes reveals many regional and environmental phenomena. For approaches to more materials of case studies, the teacher in local school has to collect other regions’ environmental informations through meetings for local teachers and academic activities.

여성의 유방자가검진의 지식 정도

구한나,박인경,박하영,성초아,장다엘,홍은민 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2012 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.46

Purpose: This study was to grasp women’s knowledge about Breast Self-examination. Methods: We collected data from 317 women who lives in certain city, Korea using structured questionnaire from 5th, August to 20th, September. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 19.0. Results: The average score of women’ Breast Self-examination knowledge was 6.79±3.68 (of 17). There are three categories in knowledge about Breast Self-examination. Average score of category is 2.31 ± 0.71(of 4) for knowledge of breast cancer, 2.11 ± 0.57(of 5) for knowledge of breast cancer symptom, 2.37 ± 0.45(of 8) for knowledge of Breast Self-examination. Knowledge about Breast Self-examination according to general characteristics varied significantly for different age, marital status, education, and history of breast disease. Knowledge about Breast Self-examination according to characteristics related Breast examination was higher for women who received Breast Self-examination education, received Breast Self-examination education by lecture, performed Breast Self-examination, and who received Clinical Breast Examination Conclusion: People who are teenager and over sixties, their knowledge of Breast Self-examination was low. Therefore, effective Breast Self-examination education program should be provided for women who are teenager and over sixties to promote their Breast Self-examination practice regularly.