Managing a Prolonged Station Blackout Condition in AHWR by Passive Means

Mukesh Kumar,A. K. Nayak,V. Jain,P. K. Vijayan,K.K. Vaze 한국원자력학회 2013 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.45 No.5

Removal of decay heat from an operating reactor during a prolonged station blackout condition is a big concern for reactor designers, especially after the recent Fukushima accident. In the case of a prolonged station blackout condition, heat removal is possible only by passive means since no pumps or active systems are available. Keeping this in mind, the AHWR has been designed with many passive safety features. One of them is a passive means of removing decay heat with the help of Isolation Condensers (ICs) which are submerged in a big water pool called the Gravity Driven Water Pool (GDWP). The ICs have many tubes in which the steam, generated by the reactor core due to the decay heat, flows and condenses by rejecting the heat into the water pool. After condensation, the condensate falls back into the steam drum of the reactor. The GDWP tank holds a large amount of water, about 8000 m3, which is located at a higher elevation than the steam drum of the reactor in order to promote natural circulation. Due to the recent Fukushima type accidents, it has been a concern to understand and evaluate the capability of the ICs to remove decay heat for a prolonged period without escalating fuel sheath temperature. In view of this, an analysis has been performed for decay heat removal characteristics over several days of an AHWR by ICs. The computer code RELAP5/MOD3.2 was used for this purpose. Results indicate that the ICs can remove the decay heat for more than 10 days without causing any bulk boiling in the GDWP. After that, decay heat can be removed for more than 40days by boiling off the pool inventory. The pressure inside the containment does not exceed the design pressure even after 10days by condensation of steam generated from the GDWP on the walls of containment and on the Passive Containment Cooling System (PCCS) tubes. If venting is carried out after this period, the decay heat can be removed for more than 50 days without exceeding the design limits.

Biological and Medicinal Properties of Grapes and Their Bioactive Constituents: An Update

Mukesh Yadav,Shalini Jain,Aarti Bhardwaj,Ravinder Nagpal,Monica Puniya,Radha Tomar,Vinod Singh,Om Parkash,G.B.K.S. Prasad,Francesco Marotta,Hariom Yadav 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.3

The grape is one of the most valued conventional fruits, worldwide. Although most of the parts of the grapevine are useful, primarily, the grape is considered as a source of unique natural products not only for the development of valuable medicines against a number of diseases, but also for manufacturing various industrial products. Over the last few decades, apart from the chemistry of grape compounds, considerable progress has been made towards exploring the biological activities of various grape-derived constituents. Today, it is well established that in addition to serving as food, the grape is a major source of several phytochemicals. The main biologically active and well-characterized constituent from the grape is resveratrol, which is known for various medicinal properties in human diseases. This review discusses the roles of various grape-derived phytochemicals in relation to various diseases.

Statistical Optimization of Physical Parameters for Enhanced Bacteriocin Production by L. casei

Mukesh Kumar,Alok Kumar Jain,Moushumi Ghosh,Abhijit Ganguli 한국생물공학회 2012 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.17 No.3

Antimicrobial proteinaceous compounds such as bacteriocins produced from Lactobacillus sp. are widely known. They have potential antimicrobial activities towards closely related bacteria and several pathogens associated with food spoilage and hence can be a potential food bio-preservative agent. Bacteriocin production requires optimized process, complex media and well-controlled physical conditions including pH and temperature. A probiotic strain of L. casei LA-1 isolated from mango pickle was used in the present study. The influence of physical parameters viz. temperature (15 ~ 45oC), pH (4.0 ~7.0), incubation time (up to 48 h) and inoculum size (0.7 ~2.0 O.D) on bacteriocin production was analyzed. The effect of all the parameters was first investigated using the one-factor-at-a-time method (OFAT) to see the significance of these parameters on bacteriocin production and then further optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Following OFAT analysis, all factors were found to have a significant effect on bacteriocin production. Bacteriocin production of 2,844 AU/mL was obtained at temperature 37oC, pH 6.7 and inoculum size 1.8 O.D at an incubation time of 20 h and it was produced during the stationary phase of growth. Statistical analysis showed that three variables-pH, temperature and incubation time have significant effects on bacteriocin production. RSM proved to be a powerful tool in the optimization of bacteriocin production by L. casei LA-1 with a two-fold increase,giving a production of 4652.15 AU/mL at pH 7.19, temperature 33.3oC and incubation time of 22.2 h.

MANAGING A PROLONGED STATION BLACKOUT CONDITION IN AHWR BY PASSIVE MEANS

Kumar, Mukesh,Nayak, A.K.,Jain, V,Vijayan, P.K.,Vaze, K.K. Korean Nuclear Society 2013 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.45 No.5

Removal of decay heat from an operating reactor during a prolonged station blackout condition is a big concern for reactor designers, especially after the recent Fukushima accident. In the case of a prolonged station blackout condition, heat removal is possible only by passive means since no pumps or active systems are available. Keeping this in mind, the AHWR has been designed with many passive safety features. One of them is a passive means of removing decay heat with the help of Isolation Condensers (ICs) which are submerged in a big water pool called the Gravity Driven Water Pool (GDWP). The ICs have many tubes in which the steam, generated by the reactor core due to the decay heat, flows and condenses by rejecting the heat into the water pool. After condensation, the condensate falls back into the steam drum of the reactor. The GDWP tank holds a large amount of water, about 8000 $m^3$, which is located at a higher elevation than the steam drum of the reactor in order to promote natural circulation. Due to the recent Fukushima type accidents, it has been a concern to understand and evaluate the capability of the ICs to remove decay heat for a prolonged period without escalating fuel sheath temperature. In view of this, an analysis has been performed for decay heat removal characteristics over several days of an AHWR by ICs. The computer code RELAP5/MOD3.2 was used for this purpose. Results indicate that the ICs can remove the decay heat for more than 10 days without causing any bulk boiling in the GDWP. After that, decay heat can be removed for more than 40 days by boiling off the pool inventory. The pressure inside the containment does not exceed the design pressure even after 10 days by condensation of steam generated from the GDWP on the walls of containment and on the Passive Containment Cooling System (PCCS) tubes. If venting is carried out after this period, the decay heat can be removed for more than 50 days without exceeding the design limits.

Biological and Medicinal Properties of Grapes and Their Bioactive Constituents: An Update

Yadav, Mukesh,Jain, Shalini,Bhardwaj, Aarti,Nagpal, Ravinder,Puniya, Monica,Tomar, Radha,Singh, Vinod,Parkash, Om,Prasad, G.B.K.S.,Marotta, Francesco,Yadav, Hariom The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.3

The grape is one of the most valued conventional fruits, worldwide. Although most of the parts of the grapevine are useful, primarily, the grape is considered as a source of unique natural products not only for the development of valuable medicines against a number of diseases, but also for manufacturing various industrial products. Over the last few decades, apart from the chemistry of grape compounds, considerable progress has been made towards exploring the biological activities of various grape-derived constituents. Today, it is well established that in addition to serving as food, the grape is a major source of several phytochemicals. The main biologically active and well-characterized constituent from the grape is resveratrol, which is known for various medicinal properties in human diseases. This review discusses the roles of various grape-derived phytochemicals in relation to various diseases.

Energy Requirements and Tillage Performance Under Different Active Tillage Treatments in Sandy Loam Soil

Choudhary Swapnil,Upadhyay Ganesh,Patel Bharat,Naresh,Jain Mukesh 한국농업기계학회 2021 바이오시스템공학 Vol.46 No.4

Purpose To assess the operational energy requirement (OER) and tillage performance index (TPI) of four different active tillage treatments and identification of the best efficient tillage practice among them to achieve an alternative to the conventional practice T1 (1×Cultivator+2×Offset disc harrow), which involves only purely passive type of tillage tools. Methods The active tillage treatments considered were as follows: T2 (1×Combined offset disc harrow), T3 (1×Cultivator+ 1×Single rotor type rotavator), T4 (1×Double rotor type rotavator), and T5 (1×Power harrow). Each implement in the respective treatment was operated at their best suitable forward speed and rotor rpm. Results Compared to the conventional practice T1, the amount of fuel saved per hectare in tillage practices, T2, T4, and T5, was 49.8%, 17.9%, and 20.3%, respectively. However, tillage treatment T3 was found to consume 6.9% more fuel. Compared to T1, the amount of time saved by T2, T3, T4, and T5 tillage practices was found to be 61.1%, 9.54%, 40.6%, and 44.6%, respectively. The maximum OER of 1445.32 MJ ha−1 was observed in T3 followed by 1360.40, 1105.86, 1085.86, and 681.36 MJ ha−1 in T1, T4, T5, and T2, respectively. Further, compared to T1, the TPI for tillage treatments, T2 and T4, was found to be higher by 74.07% and 133.33%, respectively. However, the TPI for tillage treatment T3 was found to be lower by 88.88%. Conclusions Active tillage implements helped in time and fuel-saving in seedbed preparation. The maximum percentage of operational energy was consumed in the form of fuel energy. The front active and rear passive configuration of combined offset disc harrow was found to be the most effective among all the tested active tillage implements in terms of both operational energy and tillage performance criteria.

Characterization of Microsatellite Markers, Their Transferability to Orphan Legumes and Use in Determination of Genetic Diversity among Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cultivars

Pavankumar Jingade,Laxman Vilas Bhosale,Jayale Ashwin Sanjayrao,Raghu Rajanna,Mukesh Jain,Ramapura Lakshmipathi Ravikumar 한국작물학회 2014 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.17 No.3

The microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker is the most preferred marker because of its many desirable properties. It is important to increase the genic and genomic resources particularly in legumes because the SSR markers currently available inchickpea, pigeonpea, horsegram, blackgram, and cowpea are very limited. In the present study, 201 pairs of SSR markers comprisingof 172 genic and 29 genomic SSRs were screened against 11 chickpea genotypes, among which 153 produced monomorphic and 48produced polymorphic bands. The polymorphic information content ranged from 0.152 to 0.373 for both genic and genomic SSRs. Among the polymorphic markers, two-three alleles were detected for genic and two-four alleles for genomic SSRs. A unique bandingpattern could be found for all the genotypes within 48 polymorphic SSR markers and cultivar specific markers could be identified forseed purity test. We have also studied the ability of chickpea genic and genomic SSRs to amplify distantly related but importantlegumes viz., horsegram, blackgram, cowpea, pigeonpea, and soybean. Out of 201 chickpea SSR primer pairs, 66.7% in blackgram,62.2% in horsegram, 61.7% in redgram, 54.7% in cowpea, and 62.7% in soybean produced amplification. The transferability ofabout 60.0% of the chickpea SSRs to distantly related legumes could be considered successful. In the present study, 134, 133, 126,124, and 110 new SSR primers for blackgram, horsegram, soybean, redgram, and cowpea pulse crops, respectively, were identified. Itis an important addition to the already available genomic resources in these crops. In addition, among genic primer pairs, 12 in horsegram,three in soybean, 13 in redgram, and eight in cowpea, and among genomic primer pairs, two in horsegram and four in redgramwere polymorphic even in the two-three genotypes tested indicating their potentially for application in genetic studies and mapping

Serum albumin is the strongest predictor of anti-tumor necrosis factor nonresponse in inflammatory bowel disease in resource-constrained regions lacking therapeutic drug monitoring

Peeyush Kumar,Sudheer K. Vuyyuru,Prasenjit Das,Bhaskar Kante,Mukesh Kumar Ranjan,David Mathew Thomas,Sandeep Mundhra,Pabitra Sahu,Pratap Mouli Venigalla,Saransh Jain,Sandeep Goyal,Rithvik Golla,Shubi 대한장연구학회 2023 Intestinal Research Vol.21 No.4

Background/Aims: Evidence on predictors of primary nonresponse (PNR), and secondary loss of response (SLR) to anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents in inflammatory bowel disease is scarce from Asia. We evaluated clinical/biochemical/molecular markers of PNR/SLR in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD).Methods: Inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with anti-TNF agents (January 2005–October 2020) were ambispectively included. Data concerning clinical and biochemical predictors was retrieved from a prospectively maintained database. Immunohistochemistry for expression of oncostatin M (OSM), OSM receptor (OSM-R), and interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) were done on pre anti-TNF initiation mucosal biopsies.Results: One-hundred eighty-six patients (118 CD, 68 UC: mean age, 34.1±13.7 years; median disease duration at anti-TNF initiation, 60 months; interquartile range, 28–100.5 months) were included. PNR was seen in 17% and 26.5% and SLR in 47% and 28% CD and UC patients, respectively. In CD, predictors of PNR were low albumin (<i>P</i><0.001), postoperative recurrence (<i>P</i>=0.001) and high IL-7R expression (<i>P</i><0.027) on univariate; and low albumin alone (hazard ratio [HR], 0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03–0.28; <i>P</i><0.001) on multivariate analysis respectively. Low albumin (HR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15–0.62; <i>P</i>=0.001) also predicted SLR. In UC, predictors of PNR were low albumin (<i>P</i><0.001), and high C-reactive protein (<i>P</i><0.001), OSM (<i>P</i><0.04) and OSM-R (P=0.07) stromal expression on univariate; and low albumin alone (HR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.03–0.39; <i>P</i>=0.001) on multivariate analysis respectively. Conclusions: Low serum albumin at baseline significantly predicted PNR in UC and PNR/SLR in CD patients. Mucosal markers of PNR were high stromal OSM/OSM-R in UC and high IL-7R in CD patients.