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무인항공기 신뢰성 및 안전성 확보를 위한 설계 프로세스 적용 사례 연구
유재윤(Jaeyoon Yoo),김종운(Jongwoon Kim),김영선(Youngseon Kim) 대한기계학회 2021 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2021 No.4
무인항공기는 외부 환경을 인식해 스스로 상황을 판단하여 이동하고, 필요시에는 임무를 수행할 수 있는 공중을 비행하는 무인 이동체이다. 상업용 무인항공기의 세계 시장 규모는 매년 증가하고 있으나, 이에 비례하여 사고 사례 또한 증가하고 있다. 하지만 국내 무인항공기 제작사들은 하위 부품들을 구매하여 그것들을 조립 후 납품하는 중소기업들이다. 그리고 대부분 제작사들이 비행 및 임무 성능에 대한 시험은 수행하나 설계 시 신뢰성/안전성에 대한 고려가 부족하다. 또한 국내외 정책 및 표준 개발이 진행 중으로 제작사에서 이를 설계 과정에서 적용하기 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 일반적인 무인항공기를 대상으로 설계 프로세스를 통해 신뢰성 및 안전성 분석을 수행하고, 요구사항을 도출하여 무인항공기 개발 시 이를 반영하고자 하였다. 우선 기존 타 시스템의 프로세스를 바탕으로 무인항공기에 적합하도록 신뢰성/안전성 확보를 위한 설계 프로세스를 구축하였다. 또한 해당 프로세스를 무인항공기에 적용하여 PBS를 정의하고 신뢰도를 예측하였으며 FMECA 등의 신뢰성 분석을 통해 신뢰성 및 안전성 측면의 요구사항을 도출하였다. An unmanned aerial vehicle is an unmanned vehicle that recognizes the external environment and moves on its own by judging the situation, and flies in the air where it can perform its mission if necessary. The global market size for commercial unmanned aerial vehicles is increasing every year, but the number of accidents is increasing proportionately. However, local unmanned aerial vehicle manufacturers are small and medium-sized companies that purchase sub-parts, assemble and deliver them. And while most manufacturers conduct tests on flight and mission performance, they lack reliability/safety considerations in their design. In addition, domestic and foreign policies and standards are under development, and it is difficult for manufacturers to apply them in the design process. Therefore, this study intended to conduct reliability and safety analysis for general unmanned aerial vehicles through the design process, derive requirements, and reflect them in the development of unmanned aerial vehicles. First of all, the design process for securing reliability/safety was established to suit unmanned aerial vehicles based on the processes of existing other systems. In addition, the process was applied to unmanned aerial vehicles to define PBS, predict reliability, and reliability requirements were derived through reliability analysis such as FMECA.
Jaeyoon Kim,Yujin Lee,Taeyong Yoo,Jungbin Kim,Jonghee Hyun,Inseok Park,Hyunjin Cho,Keunho Yang,Byungno Bae,Kihwan Kim,Kyeongmee Park,Geumhee Gwak 한국유방암학회 2019 Journal of Breast Disease Vol.7 No.1
Purpose: We aimed to investigate organ-specific recurrence or the metastatic pattern of breast cancer according to biological subtypes and clinical characteristics. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 168 patients with recurrent breast cancer who were diagnosed between January 1, 2000 and April 30, 2017. Four biological subtypes were classified according to estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 expression: luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). To analyze recurrence patterns according to biological subtypes, we accessed clinical variables including age at diagnosis, TNM stage, type of surgery in the breast and axilla, histologic grade, nuclear grade, lymphatic, vascular, and neural invasion, Ki-67 expression and recurrence to distant organs. Results: The biological subtypes of recurrent breast cancer comprised the following luminal A (n=33, 19.6%), luminal B (n=95, 56.5%), HER2 enriched (n=19, 11.3%), and TNBC (n=21, 12.5%). Luminal A (7.7%) and B (6.5%) subtypes were associated with the increased rate of local recurrence compared to HER2-enriched (2.4%) and TNBC subtypes (1.8%) (p=0.005). The bone (53.6%) was the most common metastatic organ, followed by the lung (34.5%), liver (29.8%), brain (17.9%), and other visceral organ (7.7%). Bone metastasis was commonly observed in individuals with luminal B (63.2%), HER2-enriched (57.9%), and luminal A (42.4%) subtypes (p=0.005). Most liver metastases occur in individuals with luminal B (40.0%) and HER2-enriched subtypes (31.6%) (p=0.002). Conclusion: Luminal B subtype was commonly observed in individuals with recurrent breast cancer, and the bone is the most common target organ for breast cancer metastasis, followed by the lungs and liver.
Choi, Sunkyu,Kim, Jaeyoon,Cho, Kun,Park, Gunwook,Yoon, Jong Hyuk,Park, Sehoon,Yoo, Jong Shin,Ryu, Sung Ho,Kim, Young Hwan,Kim, Jeongkwon John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2010 Rapid communications in mass spectrometry Vol.24 No.10
<P>Protein phosphorylation regulates a wide range of cellular functions and is associated with signaling pathways in cells. Various strategies for enrichment of phosphoproteins or phosphopeptides have been developed. Here, we developed a novel sequential phosphopeptide enrichment method, using magnetic iron oxide (Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>) and titanium dioxide (TiO<SUB>2</SUB>) particles, to detect mono- and multi-phosphorylated peptides. In the first step, phosphopeptides were captured on Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> particles. In a subsequent step, any residual phosphopeptides were captured on TiO<SUB>2</SUB> particles. The particles were eluted and rinsed to yield phosphopeptide-enriched fractions that were combined and analyzed using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The validity of this sequential Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> enrichment strategy was demonstrated by the successful enrichment of bovine α-casein phosphopeptides. We then applied the sequential Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>/TiO<SUB>2</SUB> enrichment method to the analysis of phosphopeptides in L6 muscle cell lysates and successfully identified mono- and multi-phosphorylated peptides. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>