Impact of Irradiation Time on the Hydrolysis of Waste Activated Sludge by the Dielectric Heating of Microwave

Tae Joo Park,Im Gyu Byun,Jae Ho Lee,Ji Sung Lim,Jeong Min Lee 대한환경공학회 2014 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.19 No.1

The effects of initial solid concentration and microwave irradiation (MWI) time on the hydrolysis of waste activated sludge (WAS)were investigated. MWI time strongly influenced WAS hydrolysis for all initial solid concentrations of 8.20, 31.51, and 52.88 g VSS/L. For all WAS, the volatile suspended solids (VSS) solubilization degree ranged from 35.6% to 38.4% during a total MWI time of 10 min. Solublechemical oxygen demand (SCOD) concentration increased at a rate proportional to the decrease of VSS during the MWI. However, the clearly different VSS solubilization patterns that were observed during the MWI were explained by the 2-step hydrolysis of WAS, consisting of the initial disintegration of the easily degradable part of the sludge, followed by the subsequent disintegration of the hardlydegradable part of the sludge. WAS hydrolysis rates for 3 to 6 min of MWI were significantly lower than those for less than 3 min, or more than 6 min. From these results, 3 min MWI time and WAS of 31.51 g VSS/L (centrifugal thickener WAS) showed the most efficienthydrolysis of WAS at 36.0%. The profiles of total nitrogen (T-N) concentrations corresponded well to the SCOD increases in terms of the empirical formula of bacterial cell mass (C5H7O₂N). The negligible T-N increase and pH decrease during WAS hydrolysis by MWI will allowthe application of this process to subsequent biological processes, such as anaerobic digestion.

항정신성 약물 사용에 따른 체중변화에 관한 연구

변은하,김상훈,김재민,박상학,김학열,박찬원 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2002 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.27 No.2

Objective : Weight gain is one of the common side effects of antipsychotics and it has been known that the quality of life is decreased by weight gain. Therefbre the purpose of this study is to compare weight gain among the antipsychotics, which are frequently used in the clinical practice. Methods : We performed a retrospective chart review of 124 patients with schizophrenia who were treated at least 12 weeks with typical antipsychotics (chlorpromazine and halopehdol) or atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, olanzapine, and clozapine). They were divided into three groups as treated with chlorpromazine (N=44), with haloperidol (N=60), and with atypical antipsychotics (N=20) and body weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) were compared at O (Baseline), 8 and 12 week between the three groups. Additionally, we examined possible correlations of changes in body weight with baseline factors. Results : 1) Significant change in body weight and BMI were found during 12 weeks in all groups, received different kinds of antipsychotics but there were no significant differences between three groups. 2) Weight gain was prominent within 8 weeks in the treatment, but not significant after then in all the three groups. 3) Lower body weight in baseline was correlated with more weight gain with the treatment with antipsychotics. Conclusions: Antipsychotics were associated with weight gain in patients with schizophrenia, Particularly in the early stage of treatment. Therefore to increase the quality of life and improve the compliance of medication in treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorder, we must choice medication which are consistent with a individuality

교사의 단계적 발문이 학습자의 수학적 사고에 미치는 효과

변재현,김민경 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2004 교과교육학연구 Vol.8 No.2

본 연구는 초등학교 4학년 아동의 수학학습에 있어서 교사의 단계적 발문을 적용한 교수-학습 방법이 학습자의 수학적 사고 능력을 향상시키는지 알아보는데 그 목적을 두었다. 그리하여 초등학교 수학교육에서 교사의 단계적 발문을 적용한 교수-학습 과정안을 구성하고 적용하여 초등학교 4학년 아동의 수학적 사고 능력을 향상시키는지 분석해 봄으로써 본 학습 방안의 효과를 보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서 설정된 연구 문제는 교사의 단계적 발문을 적용한 수학학습을 실시한 집단과 일반적인 수학학습을 실시한 비교집단간의 수학적 사고 능력(표현의 사고, 조작적 사고, 기본 성질의 사고, 발전적 사고, 단순화 사고)에 차이가 나타나는지 알아보고, 또 학업성취 상·하 집단별로 차이가 나타나는지 알아보고자 하였다. 그 결과 교사의 단계적 발문을 적용한 수학학습을 실시한 실험집단의 경우 수학적 사고 능력에서 평균점수가 비교집단보다 향상되었고 통계적으로도 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 표현의 사고, 조작적 사고, 기본 성질의 사고, 발전적 사고, 단순화 사고에서는 표현의 사고를 제외한 4가지 사고에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 또한 학업성취 상·하 집단별 수학적 사고 능력은 상위집단에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 하위집단에서는 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 결론적으로 교사의 단계적 발문은 수학적 사고 능력을 향상시키는 방법으로써 효과가 있었다. 이는 매 수업시간의 교사의 단계적 발문을 활용한 수업을 통해서 수학적 사고를 경험하게 되었으며 이러한 경험이 누적되면서 아동 스스로가 적극적인 수학적 사고 능력을 갖추게 되었다고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to improve learners' mathematical thought ability through teaching-learning method used teachers' systematic questions in mathematics learning of 4th grade students in elementary school. Mathematics learning has been regarded as explanatory·cramming education and simple solving the problems which has more emphasis on the result than the process. As a result, in case of an experimental group used a teacher's systematic questions, the average marks were more improved than those of comparative group in mathematical thought ability and there was significant difference statistically. And there was significant difference in operative, developmental thought and the thought of basic characters and simplification except the thought of expression. Also in a low group, there was meaningful difference about mathematical thought ability in learning achievement but not in a high group. It is concluded that mathematics learning used a teacher's systematic questions was effective in the improvement of mathematical thought ability. That is, a teacher's questions in class can improve mathematical attitude, thought, and knowledge·function gradually. Therefore mathematical learning used a teacher's systematic questions was said to give positive influence in the improvement not only mathematics learning attitude but also mathematical knowledge·function by improving mathematical thought ability systematically.

과학 실험·실습의 지도평가를 위한 모형과 도구개발

고재걸,민경덕,최종락,오대섭,권병규,변창진,여환진,정원우 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1988 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-

The purpose of this study is to develop models and instruments for teaching and assessing scientific experiments and practices. General objectives for teaching and evaluating scientific experiments and practices in secondary schools were analyzed and categorized into three domains:they were inquiry skill, scientific thinking skill, and scientific attitude. The sub-categories for each domain were constructed, and specific objectives for each general objective were also stated in terms of behavioral objectives according to Mager's suggestion. The tables of specification (content×behavior) were developed in order to assist secondary school teachers to teach and evaluate scientific experiments in class. In addition, we introduced some useful assessment techniques which can be adopted to evaluating learning outcomes of each specific objective. The sample test items corresponding to each objective were listed for practical usage in class.

신우신염으로 오인된 부종양증후군을 동반한 신세포암

한민철,김재헌,박성재,변동원,강덕희,심봉석 이화여자대학교 의과대학 2004 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.27 No.2

Renal cell carcinoma can presents wide range of signs and symptoms, and commonly associated with paraneoplastic syndrome. Paraneoplastic manifestations are present in up to 20% of patients with renal cell carcinoma. There is convincing evidence that renal cell carcinoma tumor cells elaborate proteins that serve as mediators of endocrine (ex ; ectopic production of parathyroid hormone-related protein or erythropoietin) as well as nonendocrine paraneoplastic syndromes. A paraneoplastic syndrome may be the various clinical presentation of renal cell carcinoma in a significant number of patients, therefore mimicked other general disease. We report a case of renal cell carcinoma associated with paraneoplastic syndrome mimicking pyelonephritis.

오렌지 껍질로부터 분리된 프라보노이드의 화학요법 감작효과

최철익,변익건,차윤정,김선필,민영돈,유진철,송재경 조선대학교 2001 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.26 No.2

Background and Objectives : The overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) or multidrug resistanceassociated protein (MRP) confers multidrug resistance (MDR) to cancer cells. MDR cells could be sensitized to anticancer drugs when treated concomitantly with a chemosensitizer. In this study, orange peel have been screened for the development of chemosensitizers reversing MDR. Materials and methods : Expression of Pgp in AML-2/WT and AML-2/D100 were determined using western blot analysis and RT-PCR. Candidates for chemosensitizers were isolated, purified from orange peel using sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and silica-gel column chromatography, whose structure was determined using ^1H-NMR, ^13C-NMR, ^1H-^1H-COSY, 13C-NMR, EI-Mass, IR. Chemosensitizing effect of NP-28 on AML-2/DX100 over expressing Pgp and MRP was determined by the MTT assay. Membrane toxicity was evaluated by the RBC hemolysis test. Antioxidant effects were examined by using a fluorescence probe (2’-7’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate). Results : A potent candidate, NP-28, has a flavonoid nucleus with some methoxy moiety. NP-28 is believed to have high therapeutic index, being non-transportable inhibitor and possibly, of inhibiting other efflux pumps such as MRP and antioxidant effects. NP-28 is also unlikely to be a substrate of Pgp. NP-28 did not increase Pgp levels. Conclusion : NP-28 has a Chemosensitizing effect to reverse Pgp-mediated MDR by increasing the intracellular accumulation of drugs. Furthermore, they do not increase expression of Pgp, which can allow a long term use without the concern about Pgp activation. NP-28 is anticipated as an ideal second-generation flavonoid chemosensitizer and/or possibly other therapeutic agents by further investigation.

무산소성 운동이 혈청 지질 농도 및 면역세포 반응에 미치는 영향

조영주,변재철,홍석민 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.2

The purpose of this study was to determine serum lipids and immune responses on the anaerobic exercise. Serum total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and plasma triglyceride, percentages of WBC and their subsets, natural killer cells were evaluated between before and after the anaerobic power. All subjects were high trained male athletes (19-24 years of age). Results were expressed as mean and standard deviations. One-way ANOVA repeated measure was used to compare the all parameters between before and after the anaerobic power test. All significant differences were set at α=.05. In this study, comparison of anaerobic power(Nm/%BW) was higher in soccer players than ssirum and judo players (p<.05). The percentage of WBC, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil were no significant differences between before and after anaerobic exercise. There were increased on neutrophil, lymphocyte after anaerobic exercise in three groups. (p<.01, p<.001, respectively). Also, there were significant differences on T cell, B cell, NK cell between before and after anaerobic exercise (p<.001).

DSP 기반 3차원 운동 해석 장치 개발

이지홍,이원희,변재민 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 2003 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.18 No.2

In this paper, we propose a compositional motion capture system to utilize sensor fusion technique to enhance the accuracy of measured motion data. As an experimental system, we designed a double pendulum system which is capable of 4-degree of freedom motion. Man data are acquired through a set of infrared stereo vision system while potentiometers are involved in each joint as reference data sensors. Each sensor data from stereo vision system are transformed to position data of the links in the pendulum system, and 3-dimensional OpenGL-based graphic systems are developed to visualize the real motion. Hereafter any sensor fusion technique may be applied to the developed system for improved accuracy of the motion capture even for human body.

운동형태가 청소년의 상태불안 감소에 미치는 영향

류호상,염민선,변재철,박승한 한국스포츠심리학회 2002 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.13 No.2

과거의 운동심리학(exorcise psychology) 문헌들은 일회(acute) 운동 후에 상태불안이 감소되어 기분이 좋아지는 효과를 얻을 수 있다고 밝혀왔다. 이 연구의 목적은 어떤 형태(유산소 대 무산소)의 일회 운동이 청소년의 상태불안과 그에 관련된 생리변인들에 보다 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 지를 비교하고자 하는 것이었다. 12명의 남자중학교 학생들을 6명씩 두 집단으로 나누어 한 집단에게는 유산소운동을 다른 집단에게는 무산소운동을 시킨 후, 1주일 후에는 서로 역할을 교대시키는 반복측정을 하였다. 유산소운동은 심박수를 이용하여 최대운동능력(VO_2peak)의 75%강도로 트레드밀에서 20분간 달리기를 하는 것이었고, 무산소운동은 5개의 웨이트트레이닝을 십회반복최대(10RM)의 75% 강도로 돌아가며 20분간 실시하는 것이었다. 각 운동 전·후에는 20분 동안 안정을 취한 뒤 상태불안, 체온, 그리고 혈압을 차례로 측정하였다. 각 운동조건의 평균을 비교하기 위한 통계분석을 사전점사 결과를 공변인으로 하고 사후점사 결과를 종속변인으로 하는 공변량분석(ANCOVA)을 실시하였다. 자료처리 결과, 유산소운동과 무산소운동 후 어떤 변인들에도 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다(p<.05). 따라서 청소년의 상태불안을 감소시키는 데는 운동형태간에 차이가 없으며 그러한 연구에 대해 지속적인 관심과 필요성이 강조되었다. The purpose of this study was to examine aerobic versus anaerobic exercise effect on state anxiety reduction and related physiological variables in middle school students. A total of twelve male subjects were assigned to 20-minute condition in each exercise with the intensity of 75% of VO_2peak and 75% of 10 Repetition Maximum. State anxiety(Spielberger, Gorsuch, Lushene, Vagg, & Jacobs, 1983), body temperature, and blood pressure were assessed 20-minute before and after each exercise. One-way analysis of covariance(ANCOVA) indicated that the self-reported state anxiety, the body temperature, and the blood pressure were not significantly different between the 2 types of exercise. In conclusion, it is too premature to state that aerobic exercise is better than anaerobic exercise on state anxiety reduction in adolescents.

Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of a pGT2-VEGF Plasmid DNA After Administration in Rats

Son, Mi-Kyung,Choi, Jae-Hoon,Lee, Dong-Sop,Kim, Chae-Young,Choi, Seul-Min,Kang, Kyung-Koo,Byun, Jonghoe,Kim, Duk-Kyung,Kim, Byong-Moon Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. 2005 Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology Vol.46 No.5

Intramyocardial administration of gene therapy vectors expressing angiogenic factors have been attempted as an alternative to conventional surgical methods for the management of myocardial ischemia. In this study, we have developed the pGT2-VEGF, a plasmid DNA vector expressing human VEGF165, for the management of ischemic cardiovascular disease and investigated in vivo pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of pGT2-VEGF after intramyocardial and intravenous administration in rats. A high concentration of pGT2-VEGF was observed in the heart after intramyocardial injection of 300 μg, which is in line with the assumption that direct intramyocardial delivery enables extended localization at the administration site. Leakage of the pGT2-VEGF to the blood circulation was observed after intramyocardial injection, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 3.8 μg min/mL, as compared with 37.3 μg min/mL after intravenous injection of the same dose. The pGT2-VEGF concentration in blood peaked at 5 minutes after intramyocardial administration and declined rapidly to undetectable levels by 2 hours post-administration. In tissue distribution studies, pGT2-VEGF peaked at 5 minutes post-administration in various organs but was undetectable at 2 hours in all organs except heart, lung, and liver. Taken together, the results suggest that intramyocardial-delivered pGT2-VEGF was degraded rapidly in vivo and mainly persisted in target tissues, the heart. In addition, intramyocardial-administered pGT2-VEGF was expressed for longer periods than the persistence of the pGT2-VEGF plasmid DNA in a target tissue. Therefore, a direct myocardial injection of pGT2-VEGF might be useful for local therapeutic angiogenesis.