Maximization of ICRF power by SOL density tailoring with local gas injection

Jacquet, P.,Goniche, M.,Bobkov, V.,Lerche, E.,Pinsker, R.I.,Pitts, R.A.,Zhang, W.,Colas, L.,Hosea, J.,Moriyama, S.,Wang, S.-J.,Wukitch, S.,Zhang, X.,Bilato, R.,Bufferand, H.,Guimarais, L.,Faugel, H.,H IOP 2016 Nuclear fusion Vol.56 No.4

<P>Experiments have been performed under the coordination of the International Tokamak Physics Activity (ITPA) on several tokamaks, including ASDEX Upgrade (AUG), JET and DIII-D, to characterize the increased Ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF) antenna loading achieved by optimizing the position of gas injection relative to the RF antennas. On DIII-D, AUG and JET (with the ITER-Like Wall) a 50% increase in the antenna loading was observed when injecting deuterium in ELMy H-mode plasmas using mid-plane inlets close to the powered antennas instead of divertor injection and, with smaller improvement when using gas inlets located at the top of the machine. The gas injection rate required for such improvements (~0.7  ×  10<SUP>22</SUP> el s<SUP>−1</SUP> in AUG, ~1.0  ×  10<SUP>22</SUP> el s<SUP>−1</SUP> in JET) is compatible with the use of this technique to optimize ICRF heating during the development of plasma scenarios and no degradation of confinement was observed when using the mid-plane or top inlets compared with divertor valves. An increase in the scrape-off layer (SOL) density was measured when switching gas injection from divertor to outer mid-plane or top. On JET and DIII-D, the measured SOL density increase when using main chamber puffing is consistent with the antenna coupling resistance increase provided that the distance between the measurement lines of sight and the injection location is taken into account. Optimized gas injection was also found to be beneficial for reducing tungsten (W) sputtering at the AUG antenna limiters, and also to reduce slightly the W and nickel (Ni) content in JET plasmas. Modeling the specific effects of divertor/top/mid-plane injection on the outer mid-plane density was carried out using both the EDGE2D-EIRENE and EMC3-EIRENE plasma boundary code packages; simulations indeed indicate that outer mid-plane gas injection maximizes the density in the mid-plane close to the injection point with qualitative agreement with the AUG SOL density measurements for EMC3-EIRENE. Field line tracing for ITER in the 15 MA <I>Q</I> <SUB>DT</SUB>  =  10 reference scenario indicates that the planned gas injection system could be used to tailor the density in front the antennas. Benchmarking of EMC3-EIRENE against AUG and JET data is planned as a first step towards the ITER SOL modelling required to quantify the effect of gas injection on the SOL density in front of the antennas.</P>

Pour une approche moniste et éthique du sujet aphasique

Armelle Jacquet-Andrieu,Kalina YANEVA-NEDEVA 고려대학교 응용문화연구소 2018 에피스테메 Vol.0 No.20

After a short presentation of Medical Ethics and its definitions, we approach this paradigm on a general level, from a brief commentary on the Hippocratic Oath, which is still relevant today. All care actions of health professionals are part of the ethics of this oath. So we think about the problem of health ethics, evoking the multiple disability paradigm and chronic disease: more specifically, we consider the sudden onset of aphasia and the lived experience of the aphasic subject, usually an adult. Hospitalized for three months, on average, he follows a "language rehabilitation" or "cognitive remediation", for at least three years, conceived as a tutorage, in the didactic sense of the term, specifically adapted to adulthood. To support this multidisciplinary reflection, we use the philosophy of Kant, educator and didactician, we study the concepts of respect and dignity, in order to provide to the aphasic person the care best adapted to his state and his psychology. Après une courte présentation de l’éthique médicale et de ses définitions, nous abordons ce paradigme sur un plan général, à partir d’un bref commentaire du Serment d’Hippocrate, toujours d’actualité. Il apparaît que toutes les actions des professionnels de santé s’inscrivent dans l’éthique de ce serment. Nous réfléchissons donc au problème de l’éthique en santé, en évoquant le paradigme du polyhandicap et de l’atteinte chronique : plus spécifiquement, nous considérons l’aphasie d’installation soudaine et le vécu du sujet aphasique, généralement un adulte. Hospitalisé pendant trois mois, en moyenne, il suit une « rééducation du langage » ou « remédiation cognitive », durant trois ans, au moins, conçue comme un préceptorat, au sens didactique du terme, spécifiquement adapté à l’âge adulte. Pour étayer cette réflexion pluridisciplinaire, nous avons recours à la philosophie de Kant, éducateur et didacticien, nous étudions les concepts de respect et de dignité, afin d’apporter à la personne aphasique les soins les mieux ajustés à son état et à sa psychologie.

신국제질서 속의 유럽과 한국

Pierre Jacquet 세계경제연구원 2001 세계경제연구원 간행물 Vol.16-8 No.-

Regional Economic Integration: The European Model

Pierre Jacquet 대외경제정책연구원 2001 East Asian Economic Review Vol.5 No.2

Regional initiatives have flourished since the end of the Cold War. Given the degree of integration it has achieved, the European Union is often cited as a model of regional integration. This article argues that European integration has been the product of very specific historical conditions, implying that the politics and dynamics of regional integration in Europe may not be appropriate for and replicable in other regions. It also discusses European monetary union (EMU) and argues that integration within EMU is still incomplete in particular because economic policies are not sufficiently coordinated. Finally, it discusses the contribution of regional integration to global governance and suggests that the “European model” can be a source of inspiration for the rest of the world not as much as a process to emulate as for the lessons that can be learned from the dynamics and experience of European integration about some important issues in managing economic interdependence.

Europe's Role in Global Governance and Challenges to East Asia/ Korea

Pierre Jacquet 세계경제연구원 2003 세계경제연구원 간행물 Vol.- No.-

新국제질서 속의 유럽과 한국

Pierre Jacquet 세계경제연구원 2003 세계경제연구원 간행물 Vol.- No.-

Bioengineering of Virus-like Particles for the Prevention or Treatment of Allergic Diseases

Pechsrichuang Phornsiri,Namwongnao Supannika,Jacquet Alain 대한천식알레르기학회 2021 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.13 No.1

Recent findings on the mechanism of allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) have revisited the role of immunoglobulin G (IgG) as the development of specific blocking IgG antibodies appeared critical for the successful suppression of T-helper 2 (Th2)-biased allergic responses. Consequently, any form of molecular AIT-promoting potent allergen-specific neutralizing antibodies would be preferred to conventional administration of allergen extracts. The potent immunogenicity of virus-like particles (VLPs) could be harnessed for that purpose. The particle size (20–200 nm) optimizes uptake by antigen-presenting cells as well as lymphatic trafficking. Moreover, the display of antigens in repetitive arrays promotes potent B cell activation for the development of sustained antibody responses. The presentation of self-antigens on the particle surface was even capable to break B cell tolerance. In this review, we describe the immunomodulatory properties of the 3 VLP-based strategies designed so far for the treatment of allergic disease: VLP packaged with CpG motifs as well as chimeric particles displaying pro-Th2/Th2 cytokines or allergens (full-length or B cell epitopes).

Immunogenicity of a DNA and Recombinant Protein Vaccine Combining LipL32 and Loa22 for Leptospirosis Using Chitosan as a Delivery System

( Supawadee Umthong ),( Arun Buaklin ),( Alain Jacquet ),( Noppadol Sangjun ),( Ruthairat Kerdkaew ),( Kanitha Patarakul ),( Tanapat Palaga ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.4

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic Leptospira, a genus of which more than 250 serovars have been identified. Commercial bacterin vaccines are limited in that they lack both cross-protection against heterologous serovars and long-term protection. This study investigated in mice the immunogenicity of an anti-leptospirosis vaccine, using the outer membrane proteins LipL32 and Loa22 as antigens. The immunogenicity of this vaccine formulation was compared with those induced by vaccines based on LipL32 or Loa22 alone. A DNA-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticle was used for in vivo DNA delivery. Using a unique DNA plasmid expressing both lipL32 and loa22 for vaccination, higher antibody responses were induced than when combining plasmids harboring each gene separately. Therefore, this formulation was used to test the immunogenicity when administered by a heterologous prime (DNA)-boost (protein) immunization regimen. The specific antibody responses against LipL32 (total IgG and IgG1) and Loa22 (IgG1) were higher in mice receiving two antigens in combination than in those vaccinated with a single antigen alone. Although no significant difference in splenic CD4+ T cell proliferation was observed among all groups of vaccinated mice, splenocytes from mice vaccinated with two antigens exhibited higher interferon-γ and IL-2 production than when using single antigens alone upon in vitro restimulation. Taken together, the immunogenicity induced by LipL32 and Loa22 antigens in a heterologous primeboost immunization regimen using chitosan as a DNA delivery system induces higher immune response, and may be useful for developing a better vaccine for leptospirosis.

Fish Eye OLSR Scaling Properties

Adjih, Cedric,Baccelli, Emmanuel,Clausen, Thomas Heide,Jacquet, Philippe,Rodolakis, Georgios The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2004 Journal of communications and networks Vol.6 No.4

Scalability is one of the toughest challenges in ad hoc networking. Recent work outlines theoretical bounds on how well routing protocols could scale in this environment. However, none of the popular routing solutions really scales to large networks, by coming close enough to these bounds. In this paper, we study the case of link state routing and OLSR, one of the strongest candidates for standardization. We analyze how these bounds are not reached in this case, and we study how much the scalability is enhanced with the use of Fish eye techniques in addition to the link state routing framework. We show that with this enhancement, the theoretical scalability bounds are reached.

Fish Eye OLSR Scaling Properties

Cedric Adjih,Emmanuel Baccelli,Thomas Heide Clausen,Philippe Jacquet,Georgios Rodolakis 한국통신학회 2004 Journal of communications and networks Vol.6 No.4