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Kumar, V.,Shin, J.S.,Shie, J.J.,Ku, K.B.,Kim, C.,Go, Y.Y.,Huang, K.F.,Kim, M.,Liang, P.H. Elsevier/North-Holland 2017 ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH Vol.141 No.-
<P>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe acute respiratory illness with fever, cough and shortness of breath. Up to date, it has resulted in 1826 human infections, including 649 deaths. Analogous to picornavirus 3C protease (3C(PrO)), 3C-like protease (3CL(PrO)) is critical for initiation of the MERS-CoV replication cycle and is thus regarded as a validated drug target. As presented here, our peptidomimetic inhibitors of enterovirus 3C(PrO) (6b. 6c and 6d) inhibited 3CLPr0 of MERS-CoV and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) with IC50 values ranging from 1.7 to 4.7 M and from 0.2 to 0.7 M, respectively. In MERS-CoV-infected cells, the inhibitors showed antiviral activity with EC50 values ranging from 0.6 to 1.4 1.1M, by downregulating the viral protein production in cells as well as reducing secretion of infectious viral particles into culture supernatants. They also suppressed other cc and 8-CoVs from human and feline origin. These compounds exhibited good selectivity index (over 70 against MERS-CoV) and could lead to the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs against emerging CoVs and picornaviruses. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
Improvement of lower hybrid current drive systems for high-power and long-pulse operation on EAST
Wang M.,Liu L.,Zhao L.M.,Li M.H.,Ma W.D.,Hu H.C.,Wu Z.G.,Feng J.Q.,Yang Y.,Zhu L.,Chen M.,Zhou T.A.,Jia H.,Zhang J.,Cao L.,Zhang L.,Liang R.R.,Ding B.J.,Zhang X.J.,Shan J.F.,Liu F.K.,Ekedahl A.,Gonich 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.11
Aiming at high-power and long-pulse operation up to 1000 s, some improvements have been made for both 2.45 GHz and 4.6 GHz lower hybrid (LH) systems during the recent 5 years. At first, the guard limiters of the LH antennas with graphite tiles were upgraded to tungsten, the most promising material for plasma facing components in nuclear fusion devices. These new guard limiters can operate at a peak power density of 12.9 MW/m2 . Strong hot spots were usually observed on the old graphite limiters when 4.6 GHz system operated with power >2.0 MW [B. N. Wan et al., Nucl. Fusion 57 (2017) 102019], leading to a reduction of the maximum power capability. With the new limiters, 4.6 GHz LH system, the main current drive (CD) and electron heating tool for EAST, can be operated with power >2.5 MW routinely. Long-pulse operation up to 100 s with 4.6 GHz LH power of 2.4 MW was achieved in 2021 and the maximal temperature on the guard limiters measured by an infrared (IR) camera was about 540 C, much below the permissible value of tungsten material (~1200 C). A discharge with a duration of 1056 s was achieved and the 4.6 GHz LH energy injected into the plasma was up to 1.05 GJ. Secondly, the fully-activemultijunction (FAM) launcher of 2.45 GHz system was upgraded to a passive-active-multijunction (PAM), for which the density of optimum coupling was relatively low (below the cut-off value). Good coupling with reflection coefficient ~3% has been achieved with plasma-antenna distance up to 11 cm for the new PAM. Finally, in order to eliminate the effect of ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) wave on 4.6 GHz LH wave coupling, the location of the ICRF launcher was changed to a port that is located 157.5 toroidally from the 4.6 GHz LH system and is not magnetically connected
Liang, Q.,Seo, G.,Choi, Y.,Kwak, M.J.,Ge, J.,Rodgers, Mary A.,Shi, M.,Leslie, Benjamin J.,Hopfner, K.P.,Ha, T.,Oh, B.H.,Jung, Jae U. Elsevier Inc., Cell Press Imprint 2014 Cell host & microbe Vol.15 No.2
Robust immune responses are essential for eliminating pathogens but must be metered to avoid prolonged immune activation and potential host damage. Upon recognition of microbial DNA, the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthetase (cGAS) produces the second messenger cGAMP to initiate the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway and subsequent interferon (IFN) production. We report that the direct interaction between cGAS and the Beclin-1 autophagy protein not only suppresses cGAMP synthesis to halt IFN production upon double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) stimulation or herpes simplex virus-1 infection, but also enhances autophagy-mediated degradation of cytosolic pathogen DNA to prevent excessive cGAS activation and persistent immune stimulation. Specifically, this interaction releases Rubicon, a negative autophagy regulator, from the Beclin-1 complex, activating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase class III activity and thereby inducing autophagy to remove cytosolic pathogen DNA. Thus, the cGAS-Beclin-1 interaction shapes innate immune responses by regulating both cGAMP production and autophagy, resulting in well-balanced antimicrobial immune responses.
Development of the 3.7 GHz LHCD System on HL-2A
B. Lu,M. Huang,H. Zeng,X. Y. Bai,X. H. Mao,Z. H. Lu,J. Liang,Z. H. Kang,M. W. Wang,K. Feng,H. Wang,C. Wang,J. Q. Wang,S. Wei,T. Yao,Y. N. Bu,J. Feng,G. Y. Cheng,S. D. Song,D. H. Xia,J. Rao 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.8
A 2 MW-3.7 GHz lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) system is under development for physicsexperiments on the HL-2A device. The RF Power is generated by four TH2103A klystron amplifiersand propagates in the TE10 mode through WR284 waveguides. The transmission lines with a lengthof 20 m to 30 m are pressurized with 2 bars of nitrogen to decrease the possibility of arcing. Thelauncher, based on the passive-active multi-junction (PAM) concept, has been developed and iscurrently being realized. It was designed for a power spectrum peaked at Nk = 2.75 with goodcoupling properties over a wide range of plasma parameters. The four klystrons are fed by ahigh-voltage power supply (HVPS) based on the pulse step modulation (PSM) concept with a fastswitch-off time of less than ten μs. This system is expected to be in operation within 1 years and willexplore many international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) related LH experiments inthe following years.
ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF GROWING SAHIWAL × FRIESIAN HEIFERS IN MALAYSIA
Liang, J.B.,Samiyah, M.N.,Azizan, A.R.,Dollah, M.A. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.1
Fourteen Sahiwal ${\times}$ Friesian crossbred heifers were used in a 10-wk feeding trial to determine maintenance energy requirements and efficiency of gain. The heifers were individually fed with a diet consisting of 30% dry grass and 70% concentrates at either 110, 140 or 180% of the anticipated maintenance requirement ($494kJ\;ME/kg^{0.75}/day$). Liveweight of individual heifers was measured weekly to calculate diet requirements and average daily gain (ADG). Diet digestibility was determined for all heifers to determine ME intake. Retained energy (RE) of individual heifers was determined from changes in total body fat and protein using a TOH isotope dilution procedure and, assuming calorific values of 39.3 and 23.6 kJ/g for fat and protein respectively. The estimated ME for maintenance was 433 and $470kJ/kg^{0.75}/day$ by liveweight (ADG) equilibrium and energy (RE) equilibrium analysis respectively. ME requirement for one g of liveight gain was 28 kJ.
J. Y. LIAO,H. LI,J. J. LIANG,Y. F. FENG,X. B. ZHANG,Y. Q. YIN,H. X. TAO 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2013 NANO Vol.8 No.1
Magnetic Ni micro/nanostructures with controlled morphology have drawn intensive attention due to their interesting physicochemical properties and potential applications in micro/nanodevices. In this study, one-dimensional Ni nanochains with an average diameter of about 140 nm were prepared by a magnetic-field-assisted chemical reduction of Ni2+ with hydrazine hydrate free of any template or surfactant. It was found that the morphology and the size of the Ni chains could be adjusted by changing the complexant used in the synthesis. The usage of surfactant in the synthesis would retard the firm connection of Ni nanoparticles and thus resulted in the formation of Ni nanochains consisting of loosely aggregated Ni nanoparticles. The magnetic measurement at room temperature indicated that the coercivity of the Ni sample reached 133.2 Oe, which was much higher than that of bulk Ni metal.
Zhou, J.B.,Yue, K.Z.,Luo, M.J.,Chang, Z.L.,Liang, H.,Wang, Z.Y.,Tan, J.H. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.11
In this study the effect of extenders and temperatures on sperm viability and fertilizing capacity of boar sperm during long-term storage was investigated. Acrosomal integrity, membrane integrity, motility and hypo-osmotic resistance were evaluated by fluorescence and light microscopy. An in vitro fertilization test was performed to assess the fertilizing capacity of stored spermatozoa. The five diluents tested were ranked according to their ability to maintain sperm functional parameters and Zorlesco (ZO) extender with BSA or with PVA instead of BSA produced the best results. Zorlesco extender substituted with PVA (ZO+PVA) was found to maintain motility both at 15 and 20$^{\circ}C$. within 5 days of storage, but the quality of semen stored at 15$^{\circ}C$ decreased thereafter as compared to semen stored at 20$^{\circ}C$ Semen stored at 5$^{\circ}C$ demonstrated rapid loss of motility already within 24 h. Both fertilization and cleavage of semen stored at 20$^{\circ}C$ in ZO substituted with PVA instead of BSA did not change significantly until day 8 of storage. It is therefore concluded that PVA can be used to substitute for BSA and 20$^{\circ}C$ was more suitable than 15$^{\circ}C$ for boar semen storage, and in vitro fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa was maintained for at least 8 days in ZO+PVA at 20$^{\circ}C$.
Informing direct neutron capture on tin isotopes near the N=82 shell closure
Manning, B.,Arbanas, G.,Cizewski, J. A.,Kozub, R. L.,Ahn, S.,Allmond, J. M.,Bardayan, D. W.,Chae, K. Y.,Chipps, K. A.,Howard, M. E.,Jones, K. L.,Liang, J. F.,Matos, M.,Nesaraja, C. D.,Nunes, F. M.,O'M American Physical Society 2019 Physical Review C Vol.99 No.4
Damage evolution mechanism of buried pipeline crossing reverse fault
J. Zhang,Y. Chen,BF Liang,B. Pan 대한기계학회 2021 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.35 No.1
Fault caused by earthquake is harmful to buried pipelines. Long-distance transportation pipelines will inevitably cross the seismic fault zones. In this paper, a numerical simulation model of X80 pipeline under reverse faulting with a crossing angle of 60° was established. Damage evolution mechanism of buried steel pipeline was analyzed. Effects of internal pressure and diameter-thickness ratio on the stress, strain and displacement of pipeline were discussed. The results show that the buckling phenomenon is more severe in the hanging wall than that in the footwall for reverse fault. For non-pressure pipeline, local collapse occurs on the compression side. When the pipeline wall buckles, the axial stress is released, and highstress is mainly concentrated on the collapsed position. For pressure pipeline, the internal pressure aggravates the buckling degree. Then, wrinkles appear on the compression side. The results can provide a reference for anti-seismic construction, repair and maintenance of buried pipeline.