북한 권력엘리트의 김정은 친화성 지수 개발 - 장성택 숙청 이후 현지지도 수행 인원의 변화를 중심으로 -

김인수 ( Kim Insoo ) 서울대학교 통일평화연구원 2017 통일과 평화 Vol.9 No.1

본고에서는 김정은과 북한 권력엘리트 개인의 관계를 측정할 수 있는 지표를 개발하여 북한 정권의 특성을 분석해보았다. 먼저 김정은의 현지지도 동향(2012-2015)에 대한 요인분석(factor analysis)을 실시한 결과 북한 권력엘리트는 장성택 처형 이전에 현지지도를 자주 수행하는 인원과 장성택 처형 이후에 현지지도를 자주 수행하는 두 집단으로 구분되었다. 본고에서는 장성택 처형 이전과 비교하여 장성택 처형 이후에 현지지도 수행빈도가 상대적으로 증가한 인원은 김정은과 친화성이 높다고 보고, 현지지도 수행 빈도의 변화를 중심으로 김정은 친화성 지수를 산출하였다. 김정은 친화성 지수를 토대로 북한의 권력엘리트를 분석해본 결과 장성택 처형 이후 북한 권력구조에 급격한 변화가 발생하지 않았으며, 이에 따라 김정은 정권은 안정적인 것으로 평가되었다. 그 이유는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 김정은 친화성이 매우 크거나 낮은 인원, 즉 장성택 처형 이후 현지지도 수행 빈도가 크게 변화된 인원이 많지 않았다. 이는 장성택 처형이 북한 권력층에 미친 영향이 크지 않았음을 의미한다. 둘째, 김정은 친화성 지수가 매우 높은 인원과 김정은 친화성 지수가 매우 낮은 인원의 직책이 동일했다. 이는 장성택 처형 이전과 이후에 현지지도를 자주 수행하는 인원의 직책이 동일하다는 것을 의미하며, 이를 통해 북한의 정책 기조에 큰 변화가 없다는 사실을 확인할 수 있다. 셋째, 당중앙군사위원회 및 국방위원회 위원들의 김정은 친화성 지수가 다른 인원들에 비해 높았다. 이는 군 중심의 북한 권력구조가 유지 또는 강화되고 있다는 사실을 반영한다. This study aims to develop a quantitative index, which can be used to measure intimate relationship between North Korean leader Kim Jong-un and North Korean power elites. This study suggests Kim Jong-un Affinity Index(KAI) on the basis of factor analysis on 202 North Korean elites who have appeared more than once in Kim Jong-un`s field inspection (2012-2015). KAI indicates when between before and after the execution of Jang Sung-taek one North Korean power elite is likely to accompany Kim Jong-un. If it is taken into account that North Korean leader let his proteges to accompany field inspection, those who have a higher KAI can be assumed to have a close relation with Kim Jong-un. Major findings go as follows. First, results of factor analysis showed that North Korean power elite can be statistically significantly categorized into two groups: the first group who is likely to accompany field inspection before the execution of Jang and the second group who is likely to do so after the execution of Jang. Second, those who have been considered to have a close relationship with Jang had statistically significantly higher KAI, while those who have been considered to have a close relationship with Kim had statistically significantly lower KAI. This study then used KAI to analyze the characteristics of Kim Jong-un regime and found that Kim Jong-un regime is relatively stable for three reasons. First, the number of North Korean power elites who have relatively higher or lower KIA is small. Contrary to expectation from existing literature, this is to say that Jang Sung-taek did not has a large group of proteges. Second, there is little difference in the positions that North Korean power elites with relatively lower KAI and North Korean power elites with relatively lower KAI assumed. Results indicates that the positions playing a critical role in decision-making process have not changed. Finally, comparing KAI by North Korea`s party and government organizations, the Party Central Military Commission and the State Affairs Commission had statistically significantly higher mean score of the KAI. Therefore, it is not difficult to conclude that North Korean power structure centering around the military is maintained or strengthened.

Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep in Cancer Patients Can Mediate the Effect of Fear of Progression on Insomnia

Insoo Kim,Kikyoung Yi,이주희,Kyumin Kim,Soyoung Youn,서수연,Jiyeon Kim,Jung mun choi,정석훈 대한수면학회 2019 sleep medicine research Vol.10 No.2

Sleep Med Res > Volume 10(2); 2019 > Article Original Article Sleep Medicine Research (SMR) 2019; 10(2): 83-89. Published online: Dec 31, 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17241/smr.2019.00451 Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep in Cancer Patients Can Mediate the Effect of Fear of Progression on Insomnia Insoo Kim, MD1, Kikyoung Yi, MD2, Joohee Lee, MD1, Kyumin Kim, MD1, Soyoung Youn, MD1, Sooyeon Suh, PhD3, Jiyeon Kim, PhD4, Jung Mun Choi, BA1, Seockhoon Chung, MD, PhD1 1Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Psychiatry, Yongin Mental Health, Yongin, Korea 3Department of Psychology, Sungshin Women’s University, Seoul, Korea 4Department of Art Therapy, Hanyang Cyber University, Seoul, Korea Correspondence: Seockhoon Chung, MD, PhD, Department of Psychiatry, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea, Tel +82-2-3010-3411, Fax +82-2-485-8381, E-mail schung@amc.seoul.kr Received Oct 21, 2019 Revised Nov 1, 2019 Accepted Nov 5, 2019 Copyright© 2019 The Korean Society of Sleep Medicine Abstract Background and Objective The role of the dysfunctional belief about sleep is important for the development of insomnia among cancer patients. This study intended to investigate whether dysfunctional belief about sleep mediates the relationship between fear of progression and insomnia in cancer patients. Methods Three hundred and thirty-seven cancer patients participated in our study. Dysfunctional belief about sleep, severity of insomnia, depression, fear of progression, and anxiety were measured using the following questionnaires: Cancer-related Dysfunctional Beliefs about Sleep (C-DBS); Insomnia Severity Index (ISI); Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); Fear of Progression (FoP); and the state subcategory of State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Path analysis was used to clarify the relationships among the variables. Since C-DBS consists of two items, i.e., Q1-immune & Q2-recurrence, we implemented an additional path analysis including these variables separately. Results C-DBS mediated the effect of FoP (β = 0.36, p < 0.001) and patient sex (β = 0.13, p = 0.009) on ISI. PHQ-9 (β = 0.32, p < 0.001) and STAI (β = -0.09, p = 0.071) had a direct influence on ISI scores. In our second path analysis, Q1-immune item mediated the effect of FoP (β = 0.19, p < 0.001) on ISI, and Q2-recurrence item mediated the effect of FoP (β = 0.23, p < 0.001) and patient sex (β = 0.09, p = 0.019) on ISI. Conclusions Our path analysis model indicated that C-DBS mediates the effect of FoP and patient sex on ISI. Our second path analysis results suggested that there could be an internal process of Q1 and Q2 item. Efforts to reduce dysfunctional beliefs should be considered as well as management of fear of progression for better sleep of cancer patients.

Species Specific Antiviral Activity of Porcine Interferon-α8 (IFNα8)

Kim, Eunhye,Jhun, Hyunjhung,Kim, Joohee,Park, Unjoo,Jo, Seunghyun,Kwak, Areum,Kim, Sinae,Nguyen, Tam T.,Kang, Yongsun,Choi, Insoo,Lee, Joongbok,Kim, Heijun,Kim, Younghyun,Lee, Siyoung,Kim, Soohyun 한국조명·전기설비학회 2017 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol. No.

<P>Interferons (IFNs) have been known as antiviral genes and they are classified by type 1, type 2, and type 3 IFN. The type 1 IFN consists of IFNα, IFNβ, IFNτ, and IFNω whereas the type 2 IFN consists of only IFNγ, which is a key cytokine driving T helper cell type 1 immunity. IFNλ belongs to the type 3 IFN, which is also known as IL-28 and IL-29 possessing antiviral activities. Type 1 IFN is produced by viral infection whereas type 2 IFN is induced by mitogenic or antigenic T-cell stimuli. The IFNτ of bovine was first discovered in an ungulate ruminant recognition hormone. IFNτ belongs to the type 1 IFN with the common feature of type 1 IFN such as antiviral activity. IFNs have been mostly studied for basic research and clinical usages therefore there was no effort to investigate IFNs in industrial animals. Here we cloned porcine IFNα8 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Korean domestic pig (<I>Sus scrofa domestica</I>). The newly cloned IFNα8 amino acid sequence from Korean domestic pig shares 98.4% identity with the known porcine IFNα8 in databank. The recombinant porcine IFNα8 showed potent antiviral activity and protected bovine Madin-Darby bovine kidney epithelial (MDBK) cells from the cytopathic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus, but it failed to protect human Wistar Institute Susan Hayflick (WISH) cells and canine Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial-like (MDCK) cells. The present study demonstrates species specific antiviral activity of porcine IFNα8.</P>

Ergonomic Interventions to Prevent Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders incurred by the Weight Lifting Tasks in Livestock Feed Manual Material Handling

Insoo Kim,Kyung-Ran Kim,Kyung-Suk Lee,Hye-Seon Chae,Sungwoo Kim 대한인간공학회 2014 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.5

This study performs evaluation for manual materials handling (MMH) by ergonomic risk factors in handling livestock feed to prevent musculoskeletal disorders of the farmers, in order to reduce farmers’ accidents and improve the quality of life. Thus, the analysis of study was conducted based on the observation evaluation model, which is ergonomic analytic technique, and psychophysics evaluation model mainly on the heavy weight lifting work related to handling of livestock feed. As a result, the lifting index (LI) distribution of physical load degree, NIOSH lifting equation (NLE), was found to be around 2.0-5.0, which is risk high level for the workers. As for the psychophysics Borg’s rating of perceived exertion (RPE) analysis, slight uncomfortable degree was observed throughout the whole body, as in the neck, back, and leg, whereas arm, hand, and spine showed high level of uncomfortable degree. This result signifies the fact that the recommended weight (kg) for adequate heavy weight and the actual heavy weight handling work that farmers experience in the aging farming environment have disparity. The study is meaningful in that it provides practical alternative to lifting work during livestock feed handling through ergonomic analysis as well as the baseline data for institutionally setting safety criteria for farming work.

기억력 저하를 호소하는 노인들을 대상으로 INM176를 3개월간 임상시험한 후의 치료성적 및 부작용 평가 보고

김지혜,고선규,고효정,권영아,김성환,김재경,김태은,박재우,서민영,송영란,이인수,김도관 大韓神經精神醫學會 2003 신경정신의학 Vol.42 No.2

Objectives : We examined the effects of INM 176 (K-l107) compared with placebo on the cognitive functions of 92 old aged subjects with cognitive impairment. Methods : This was a prospective, 12 week, double-blind, Placebo-controlled clinical trial. The elderly who achieved a score of less than 25 points on the K-MMSE or showed a high risk of Alzheimer's disease from the 7-Minute Neurocognitive Screening Battery were considered to have objective impairment and were selected as subjects for this study. The subjects were randomized to placebo or INM 176 group. The outcome measures were from the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-Cog), the Instrumental Activities ofDaily Living (IADL) and the Korean Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS) and two kinds of computerized priming tests. After setting the total error score in the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive section (ADAS-cog) as the repeated measurement factor, an analysis of variance of the combined factor design was done between the placebo and INM 176 group. Results : The interaction effect of time (pre- and post-trial) and group (placebo and INM 176 group) was significant in the analysis of the ADAS-cog's total error score. The INM 176 group's total error score in the ADAS-cog decreased significantly (p<0.01), whereas the placebo group showed a slight increase. The mean changes in IADL and GDS from baseline scores favored in the INM 176 group than in the placebo group. Outcome changes ofADAS-cog, IADL, KGDS scores during the 12 week clinical trail ofINM 176 and placebo demonstrated favorable responses in the INM176 administered group. Conclusions : This is a preliminary clinical trial result of INM176 as a memory pill. Based on these results, INM176 may be a candidate molecule for the improvement of cognitive functions, including memory, Further clinical trial should demonstrate its efficacy.

Implementation of Emergency Situation Detection System for Agricultural Worker’s Falling Accident

Insoo Kim,Hye-Seon Choi,Hyo-Cher Kim,Min-Tea Seo,Myungsun Ko,Kyung-Ran Kim 대한인간공학회 2017 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.4

Objective: 본 연구는 농업인 응급상황 감지 모니터링 구축의 일환으로 신체 착용형 감지센서 기술을 이용하여 낙상사고 시에 위험상태를 알려주는 시스템을 제안하였다. Background: 농업인 사고유형 중에 50% 이상이 전도 및 추락 등에 의한 재해로 조사되었다. 이와 같이 농업인의 낙상사고가 빈번하게 발생하고 있으나 구조지체로 인해 중대사고로 이어져 응급상황 대처에 한계가 있는 게 현실이다. Method: 이에 본 연구에서는 인체 행위 및 상태를 감지하고, 응급상황으로 판단될 경우에 신속한 정보전달이 가능한 응급상황감지 시스템을 개발하였다. 또한 낙상 감지 알고리즘 설계, 제3자 또는 관련 기관에 정보 전달 체계 구축, 그리고 사용자 인터페이스를 구현하였다. Results: 연구결과를 통해 낙상사고에 의한 응급상황 발생시 자동적으로 사고정보를 실시간 전달이 가능함을 보였다. Conclusion: 농업인의 낙상사고에 의한 2차 재해를 예방하기 위한 위험상황감지 시스템은 안전한 농작업이 가능할 것으로 기대된다. Application: 본 연구 결과는 ICT 기반의 센서를 활용한 농작업 사고 예방에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Effect of field oxide structure on endurance characteristics of NAND flash memory

Kim, Yungsam,Lee, Haebum,Kim, Hongsig,Cho, Insoo,Kim, Sangsoo,Choi, Byoungdeog,Kim, Kiyong,Yoon, Joongho Institution of Electrical Engineers 2014 Electronics letters Vol.50 No.10

As NAND flash cell sizes have been scaled down, endurance characteristics have suffered severe limitations in the NAND flash memory. Two NAND flash cell structures, the wing spacer structure and the no wing spacer structure, have been constructed to compare their endurance characteristics. The wing spacer structure has more trap sites at the active edge area due to program/erase (P/E) cycle stress because of the short distance from the active edge to the control poly. Thus, the endurance characteristics are degraded by traps generated at the active edge area. In addition, it has been confirmed that the threshold voltage (V-T) shift of the wing spacer structure was about 15.2% higher in erased cells and 10.9 % higher in programmed cells than those of the no wing spacer structure after the stress of 10(4) P/E cycles.

Ergonomic Interventions to Prevent Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders incurred by the Weight Lifting Tasks in Livestock Feed Manual Material Handling

( Insoo Kim ),( Kyung Ran Kim ),( Kyung Suk Lee ),( Hye Seon Chae ),( Sungwoo Kim ) 한국감성과학회 2014 춘계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.-

The aim of the current study was to develop a new coding method for smart devices. Though the grasp posture can be regarded as a static gesture, there are few studies on grasp coding methods compared to those on gesture coding methods. By integrating and extending previous studies, we suggested a new coding method that simultaneously considers ``hand information`` and ``object information``. The proposed new grasp coding method can effectively describe various types of grasp postures by using a 26 x 8 matrix per hand, hence can be used to develop PUIs (Physical User Interfaces) for various products including smart phones

Safe Weight Assessment in Manual Materials Handling Livestock Feed Using Response Bias

Insoo Kim,Kyung-Suk Lee,Hye-Seon Chae,Kyung-Su Kim,Dong-Phil Choi,Hyo-Cher Kim 대한인간공학회 2016 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

Objective: 본 연구는 신호탐지이론(Signal Detection Theory; SDT)을 적용하여 60대 이상의 고령 농업인의 사료포대 들기작업에 대한 심리적 안전하중을 평가하였다. Background: 최근 고령의 농업인의 증가에도 불구하고 농작업에서 취급하는 중량물 대한 권고표준무게는 50세 이상까지 제시되어 고령자에 적합한 무게기준은 없는 실정이다. 이에 인간공학적 평가를 통한 고령 농업인의 안전하중 제시가 요구된다. Method: 남녀 2개 그룹이 실험에 참여하여 7개의 표준무게에 대하여 각 9개 수준의 비교무게에 대한 들기작업을 수행하였다. 측정된 데이터는 선택반응 결과와 Borg’s CR-10 Scale로 분석하였다. Results: 실험결과, 민감도 지수(d")에 대한 회귀모형 추정결과 남자: 22.6kg, 여자: 21.4kg을 예측할 수 있었고, 반응기준(c) 분석결과 C=0이 되는 지점은 남자: 24.1kg, 여자: 23.3kg으로 가벼운 무게(c<0)에서 모험적(Liberal)인 반응을 보였고, 무겁다고 판단되는 무게(c<0) 에서는 보수적(Conservative)인 반응편향을 보였다. 이 결과는 Borg’s CR-10 Scale 측정 결과와 거의 일치하였다 Conclusion: 본 연구를 통해 들기작업 평가에 STD 적용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었고, 반응편향 확률값을 이용하여 심물리학적 변화량에 대한 예측 가능이 가능하였다. Application: 본 연구결과는 60세 이상이 고령 농업인을 위한 안전중량 제시에 활용 가능할 것으로 보인다.

Development and Ergonomic Evaluation of Spring and Autumn Working Clothes for Livestock Farming Workers

Insoo Kim,Kyung-Suk Lee,Min-Tea Seo,Hye-Seon Chae,Kyung-Su Kim,Dong-Phil Choi,Hyo-Cher Kim 대한인간공학회 2016 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.35 No.5

Objective:In this study, we designed working clothes for livestock farmers to wear in spring and autumn to improve their work efficiency, conducted a physiological test on their performance, and evaluated their comfort. Background: In recent years, livestock farming in Korea has expanded, yet farmers" safety and sanitation levels remain low in hazardous environments that include organic dust, toxic gas, and heat stress, as well as the risk of accidents. Furthermore, most livestock farmers wear ordinary or dust-resistant clothes that are unsuitable for rearing livestock and compromise their safety and health. Thus, it is important to design specialized working clothes for livestock farmers that are comfortable and that minimize their health and safety risks. Method: To this end, we examined the literature on livestock (poultry, swine, and cattle) farmers" safety and sanitation issues, designed appropriate working clothes, and tested them in terms of sensory feel, physiological response, and subjective comfort. Results: The respondents expressed satisfaction with the new working clothes. The results of a physiological test showed a decline in temperature and humidity inside the clothes, a lower pulse rate, and a lower oxygen intake compared to the measurements taken when famers wore their previous working clothes. This indicates a fall in heat stress and fatigue, which was mostly consistent with the results of the assessment of subjective comfort. Conclusion: The results of the analysis show an improvement in the comfort of the new working clothes compared to the dust-resistant clothes that are widely worn. Based on this study, the new working clothes need to be further tested and evaluated to improve the design. Application: This study is expected to contribute to designing better working clothes for livestock farmers.