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OPTIMIZATION OF THE RAYLEIGH FADING CHANNEL MODEL IN MOBILE ENVIRONMENT
Injae Won,Changhee Kim,Youngju Kim,Keehyun Lee 한국멀티미디어학회 2006 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2006 No.-
Clarke's fading channel model is very simple simulator based on the SOS (Sum-Of-Sinusoids) and has been widely used. However, it has some shortcomings. Its time correlation properties based on the simulated waveform do not correspond to the statistical ones. In this paper, the difference between statistical and time properties of Clarke's fading channel model is examined and new simulator is proposed.
한국 정책과정에서 의제설정의 거시동학 - 대통령, 의회, 언론, 대중의 상호작용 -
원인재 ( Injae Won ),김두래 ( Doo-rae Kim ) 한국정책학회 2020 韓國政策學會報 Vol.29 No.2
본 연구는 한국 정책과정에서 의제설정의 거시동학(macrodynamics)을 실증적으로 밝히기 위해 대통령, 의회, 언론, 대중의 상대적 영향력과 상호작용의 양태가 변화하고 차별화되는 과정을 분석하였다. 이를 위해 대통령과 의회를 포함한 정부행위자, 언론과 정부행위자, 대중과 정부행위자 및 언론의 관계로 단계적으로 확장하여 논리적 근거를 정리하고 이들의 상호작용을 수직적 및 수평적 차원에서 거시적으로 조망할 수 있는 연구의 분석틀을 구성하였다. 경험적 분석을 위해 경제, 교육, 국토개발, 노동, 보건복지의 5개 정책영역에서 주요행위자들이 표명하는 관심의 변화를 측정하여 시계열 데이터를 구성하고 이들의 상호영향을 벡터자기회귀(Vector Autoregressive·VAR) 모형과 충격반응함수(Impulse Response Function·IRF) 시뮬레이션 및 그랜저(Granger) 인과성 검정으로 분석하였다. 분석의 결과는 의제설정의 거시동학이 정책영역에 따라 차별화되면서 주도적 행위자와 다른 행위자의 관심이 수평적·수직적 차원에서 충격-반응의 다양한 상호작용을 통해 정책의제를 형성해 가는 인과적 과정을 밝혔다. This study seeks to enhance our understanding of the macrodynamics of agenda setting by analyzing the causal mechanism through which the relative influence and interactive patterns are differentiated across policy domains among such major actors as president, legislature, media, and the mass public in Korea. For this purpose, a conceptual framework is formulated to highlight macro-interactions among governmental actors, media, and the mass public in horizontal and vertical dimensions. A set of original time-series data on agenda attentions are constructed in major domestic policy domains including economy, education, land development, labor, and public health and welfare. The causal dynamics in agenda setting are empirically investigated by using Vector Autoregressive(VAR) model, Impulse Response Function(IRF) simulation and Granger causality test. The results collectively show that the major actors’ impact-response patterns in their agenda attentions substantially vary across policy domains through diverse horizontal and vertical interactions, especially top-down and bottom-up flows of influence surrounding the legislature rather than president, despite the historical legacy of strong executive power in Korea.
자발적 중재를 통한 체내 내분비계교란물질의 저감 효과: 환경성 페놀 화합물
최인자(Inja Choi),김원(Won Kim),최혜영(Hyeyoung Choi),신호상(Hosang Shin) 환경독성보건학회 2021 한국독성학회 심포지움 및 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.5
일상생활에서 내분비계교란물질(Endoceine Disrupting Chemucals, EDCs)에 대한 노출은 매우 흔하다. 그러나 소변이나 혈액 등 생체시료에서의 검출, 사람에 대한 건강영향, 노출원에 대한 정보 그리고 규제 등은 여전히 제한적이다. 본 연구의 목적은 연구 참여자가 중재 가이드라인을 사용하기 전과 후의 소변을 채취하여 알킬페놀류(t-BP, n-PP, t-OP및 n-OP), 클로로페놀류(2,4-DCP, 2,5-DCP, 2,4,5-TCP 및 2,4,6-TCP), 비스페놀류(BPA, BPS, BPF), 파라벤류(MePB, EtPB, PrPB 및 BuPB), 벤조페논(BP-3), 트리클로산(TCS)등 총 17종의 환경성 페놀 화합물의 농도 감소에 기여했는지를 확인하는 것이다. 중재 가이드라인은 생활방식, 개인위생용품, 화장품, 세제 및 세척제 사용, 식이섭취 그리고 플라스틱 용기 사용 등 6개 영역이 포함되었다. 총 279명의 여성은 중재 전과 후에 각각 1회씩소변시료를 채취하였고, 중재는 14일 동안 진행하였다. 설문조사와 14일 동안 다이어리를 작성하였다. 소변 중 환경성 페놀 농도는 가수분해시킨 후 on-line SPE LC/MSMS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 자발적 중재 후에 연구 참여자의 소변 중 BPA, BPS, TCS, BP-3, MePB, EtPB 및 PrPB 농도는 21.5~68.3% 감소하였다(p<0.05, 단 BPA p=0.106, TCS p=0.054). 바디워시는 BPA, TCS 및 PrPB, 액상 손세정제는 TCS, MePB 및 PrPB, 헤어에센스/로션은 BPA와 PrPB, 포장음식은 TCS, 장류 등의 섭취는 BP-3와 PrPB 그리고 식기 이외의 플라스틱 용기는 BPS와 TCS 농도 감소에 기여하였다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 본 연구에서 활용한 중재 가이드라인은 연구 참여자의 일부 EDCs의 바디버든을 줄이는데 효과적이었으며, 자발적 중재를 통해 그 효과를 평가했다는 점에서 의의가 있다.
Lee, Hong Jun,Won, Jong Ho,Doo, Seung Hwan,Kim, Jung Hoon,Song, Ki Young,Lee, Sun Ju,Lim, Inja,Chang, Kyu-Tae,Song, Yun Seob,Kim, Seung U. SAGE Publications 2012 CELL TRANSPLANTATION Vol.21 No.5
<P>Bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) caused by collagen deposit is one of the most common problems in elderly males. The present study is to investigate if human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of inhibiting collagen deposition and improve cystometric parameters in bladder outlet obstruction in rats. Human MSCs were labeled with nanoparticles containing superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPION), and transplanted in rat BOO lesion site. Forty 6-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups (group 1: control, group 2: sham operation, group 3: BOO, and group 4: BOO rats receiving SPION-hMSCs). Two weeks after the onset of BOO, 1 10(6) SPION-hMSCs were injected into the bladder wall. Serial T2-weighted MR images were taken immediately after transplantation of SPION-labeled human MSCs and at 4 weeks posttransplantation. T2-weighted MR images showed a clear hypointense signal induced by the SPION-labeled MSCs. While the expression of collagen and TGF-β protein increased after BOO, the expression of both returned to the original levels after MSC transplantation. Expression of HGF and c-met protein also increased in the group with MSC transplantation. Maximal voiding pressure and residual urine volume increased after BOO but they recovered after MSC transplantation. Human MSCs transplanted in rat BOO models inhibited the bladder fibrosis and mediated recovery of bladder dysfunction. Transplantation of MSC-based cell therapy could be a novel therapeutic strategy against bladder fibrosis in patients with bladder outlet obstruction.</P>
Occurrence and fate of fetal lumbar rib induced by Scutellariae radix in rats
Ko, Eun A.,Park, Won Sun,Lim, Inja,Yun, Jihyun,Kim, Jung-Ha,Kang, Young-Ku,Kim, Nari,Han, Jin,Bang, Hyoweon,Ko, Jae-Hong Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2010 Birth defects research. Part B, Developmental and Vol.89 No.3
<P>BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence and fate of fetal lumbar rib induced by Scutellariae radix (SR) in rats. METHODS: Water extracts of SR were orally administered to pregnant rats from day 7 to day 17 of gestation at a dose of 186 mg/kg/day, equivalent to 25 g/kg of starting material, representing a 100-fold increase over typical human intake level. RESULTS: The incidence of fetal lumbar rib in the SR-treated group was increased on gestational day 20 and then decreased on postnatal day 50. The weight of fetuses in the SR-treated group tended to be less than that in the control group. Alkaline phosphatase in SR-treated dams was increased on gestational day 20, but was decreased on postnatal day 50. There were no significant differences between the vehicle control and SR-treated groups in maternal body weight, embryological, histopathological, hematological, and serum biochemical changes. CONCLUSIONS: The present data suggest that the appearance of lumbar rib induced by SR is a transient fetal variation rather than teratogenicity or maternal toxicity. Birth Defects Res (Part B) 89:201–206, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>