대도시 지역주민의 흡연실태와 관련요인 분석

김기열,임상규,서인선,강창열,이병직,남철현,위광복 慶山大學校 保健福祉硏究所 1997 保健福祉硏究 Vol.1 No.-

To collect basic data for deveoping education program for quitting smoking, 1200 subjects were selected randomly living in Seoul, Pusan, Taegu and suburban areas and interviewed about their smoking habits and attitudes from June 20 to July 20, 1997. The result of this study was summarized as follows: 1. In the general characterisics of subjects, the proportion of female was the higher(53.8%) than that of male. Among them, the portion of twenties was 46.6%. in level of educational background, the rate of college graduates was 45.2%, that of high school was 35.7%, that of middle school was 11.5%. The highest proportion by occupation was 38.9% of student. The next was 11.7% of technician, 10.1% of unemployed, 9.4% of office worker and 9.3% of salesman. 2. The proportion of the smokers among subjects was 34.3%. The portion of male smokers was 65.7%, that of female smokers was 7.3%, which had tendency to increased. At the rate of smoking by age, 47.6% in over fifties, 43.6% in forties and 38.7% in thirties were showed that the rate of smoking was the higher in the older age. 3. In the quantity of smoking cigarettes, the rate of one park of cigarettes per day was 52.7%, that of a half pack was 31.1% and that of over two 53.2% and that in female was 59.1% which was highest. 4. In smoking period, the rate of smokers for over 20 years was 29.7%, that for 1-4 years was 25.1% and that for 5-9 years was 20.9%. The variables of age, marital status, educational level and occupation were statistically significant(p<0.01). 5. In the intention of quitting smoking, 48.0% of subjects wanted to stop smoking, 33.4% of them wanted to reduce amounts of cigarettes and 82.8% fo them had positive intention to stop smoking, on the other side 18.6% of subjects did not have any intention to stop smoking. 6. The proportion of subjects who tried to stop smoking was 67.9%. By characteristics, the rate of 67.9% in male, 27.3% in female, 90.9% in under nineteens, 73.6% in married group 69.4% in lower social class, 77.8% in high school graduated and 72.3% in Buddist was the higher than that of other groups. 7. The proportion of subjects who succeeded in quitting smoking was 12.0%. By characteristics, the rate of 40.2% in male, 34.8% in over 50 years old, 19.7% in married group, 15.4% in lower social class, 13.9% in apartment resident, 15.7% in high school graduate and 17.1% in Buddist was the higher than that of other group. 8. In the reason of quitting smoking, 81.0% of subjects had quitted smoking for health, 6.0% of them for religion and 13.0% of them for others. By characteristics, the rate of reason for health was 83.5% in male, 100.0% in age of forties, 84.6% in lower social class. 9. In the affecting factors of quitting smoking, 40.7% of subjects was influenced on family which was the highest, 29.6% of them on health education, 14.8% of them on friend's recommandation, 9.9% of them on medical doctor's advice and 4.9% of them on campaign. By age, twenties was affected by friend, thirties by health education and forties by family. 10. The most affecting independent variable of smoking was sexuality (β=0.42055), age(β=0.25285), drinking (β=0.15425), marital status and health condition(R²=44.8%). These results were shown that education program for quitting smoking especially emphasized injurious to health should be continued in the unit of family, school, office and society, particularly education program for female should be strengthened.

Uncoupling Protein 3의 골격근 세포내 과발현이 OLETF 백서 및 배양된 골격근 세포에서 포도당대사에 미치는 영향

한정희,박혜선,고정민,김하영,강호경,이인규,박중열,홍성관,이재담,이기업 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.25 No.6

연구배경:Uncoupling protein(UCP)는 미토콘드리아의 내막에 위치하는 단백질로 세포내의 과다한 에너지를 열로 발산시키는 기능을 가진다. 최근 동물의 갈색지방조직에만 존재하는 UCP와 유사성을 가진 아형들(UCP2,3)이 사람에게도 존재함이 알려져 큰 관심을 끌도 있는데 이중 UCP3는 그 발현이 골격근세포와 갈색지방조직에만 국한된다. 본 연구에서는 UCP3가 체내 인슐린 감수성을 결정하는데 가장 중요한 조직인 골격근에 국한되어 발현되는 점에 착안하여 UCP3를 골격근세포에 과발현시켰을 때 포도당 대사에 어떠한 영향이 나타나는 지를 조사하였다. 방법:25주령의 8마리의 OLETF 백서를 대상으로 하여 4마리는 골격근에 adenovirus 2mL(1×10¹²pfu/mL)를 주사하여 대조군으로 하였고 4마리는 골격근에 재조합법으로 제작된 adenovirus­UCP3 2mL(1×10¹²pfu/mL)를 주사하였다(UCP3 과발현군). UCP3를 투여한 백서에서 먹이섭취가 증가하는 경향이 있어 그 전날 대조군이 먹은 야의 먹이만큼 투여하였다. 골격근에 adenovirus를 주사한 10일 후에 euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp를 시행하였다. Adenovirus­UCP를 C2C12 골격근 세포에 transfection시켜 UCP3를 C2C12 골격근 세포에 transfection시켜 UPS3­C2C12를 만들고 C2C12 골격근 세포와 UPS3­C2C12 골격근 세포에서 포도당 수송 및 당원합성을 측정하였다. 결과:UCP3 과발현 OLETF에서 체중이 감소하는 경향을 보였고 인슐린 감수성이 증가하였다. C2C12세포에서 기저상태 포도당 수송은 1.28±0.17μmol/L/min였고 100nM 인슐린으로 2시간 처리한 후 2.67±0.20 μmol/L/min로 증가하였다. UCP3­C2C12 세포에서는 기저상태 포도당 수송이 3.98±0.13μmol/L/min로 증가되었고 인슐린 처리 후 5.74±0.44μmol/L/min로 증가하였다. 인슐린을 처리한 UCP3­C2C12 세포에 P13K 억제제인 wortmannin을 첨가하였을 때 포도당 수송활성이 3.81±0.20μmol/L/min로 감소하였다. 기저상태 당원합성은 C2C12 세포에서 0.25±0.01μmol/L/min였고 인슐린 처리 후 0.45±0.01μmol/L/min로 증가하였다. UCP3­C2C12 세포에서는 기저상태 당원합성이 0.62±0.01μmol/L/min였고 인슐린 처리 후 1.26±454μmol/L/min로 증가하였다. UCP3­C2C12세포에 wortmannin을 첨가하였을 때 당원합성율이 0.80±0.04μmol/L/min로 감소하였다. 결론:UCP3 과발현이 OLETF 백서에서 인슐린 감수성을 증가시켰고 골격근세포에서 포도당 수송 및 당원합성을 증가시켰다. wortmannin을 첨가하였을 때 포도당 수송 및 당원합성이 감소함으로 보아 이 과정이 인슐린 신호전달체계인 P13K에 일부 의존함을 알 수 있었다. Background : UC P3 is a mitochondrial membrane protein expressed selectively in the skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue. Since the skeletal muscle is the main organ determining insulin sensitivity in the body, it was hypothesized that UCP3 overexpression in skeletal muscle cells would improve glucose metabolism. Methods : An adenovirus-UCP3 was produced by a recombinant DNA method. OLETF rats were divided into 2 groups. Four rats were injected with the adenovirus-UCP3 (UCP3 group) and others were injected with the adenovirus(control group) in the skeletal muscle. The UCP3 group was provided with the same quantity of food as that consumed by the control group on the previous day. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp method. In a separate experiment, glucose transport and glycogen synthesis we evaluated in C2C212 cells transfected with ether an adenovirus or the adenovirus-UCP3. Results : The insulin sensitivity improved significantly and the body weight decreased in the UCP3 group. The glucose transport and glycogen synthesis were higher in the UCP3-C2C12 skeletal muscle cells at the basal state. After insulin treatment, glucose transport and glycogen synthesis were also higher in the UCP3-C2C12 cells but the increments were reduced after treatment with wortmannin, a PI3K inhibitor. Conclusion : Insulin sensitivity was higher in the UCP3-overexpressed OLETF rats in the in vivo study. UCP3 transfection also increased glucose transport and glycogen synthesis in the cultured skeletal muscle cells by a PI3K dependent mechanism(J Kor Diabetes Asso 25 :460~468, 2001).

제2형 당뇨병 환자에서 Voglibose와 Acarbose의 비교임상연구

정인경,정재훈,민용기,이명식,이문규,김광원,정윤이,박중열,홍성관,이기업 대한당뇨병학회 2002 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.26 No.2

연구배경:아카보스와 보글리보스는 ­glucosidase inhibitors로써 비록 약리학적 작용이나 부작용에 있어서 두 약물간에 차이가 있다는 것은 잘 알려져 있으나 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 아직 이에 대한 두 약물간에 직접적인 비교에 대해 연구된 바는 없었다. 이에 저자등은 국내 2형 당뇨병 환자에 대해 유효성과 부작용 발현에 대해 두 약제를 비교하고자 무작위법에 의한 위약 대조군의 이중 맹검법 연구를 시행하였다. 방법:시험 약제 투여 4주간의 관찰기를 설정하여 공복혈당의 변화가 30㎎/dL 이하이고, 식후 혈당이 200㎎/dL 이상인 환자로 기타 제외 기준에 해당하지 않은 환자 53명을 대상으로 하여 보글리보스 군(24명)과 아카보스 군(29명)으로 무작위로 나누었다. 치료기간은 총 8주로 하였으며, 4주간 간격으로 혈청학적 검사와 부작용을 분석하여 치료 효과가 부작용을 평가하였다. 결과:1)혈당 변화:보글리보스군은 식후 1시간 혈당이 치료 후 4주, 8주째 의미 있게 감소하였도, 아카보스군은 식후 1시간과 2시간 혈당이 치료 후 4주, 8주째 의미있게 감소하였다. 또한 관찰기 혈당에 대한 치료 4주째 감소량은 아카보스군에서 더 큰 경향을 보였으나, 치료 8주째에는 두 군 간의 강하정도에 의미있는 차이가 없었다(p=0.569). 2)인슐린 치의 변화:보글리스 군은 식후 1시간 인슐린 치가 치료 전에 비해 치료 4주, 8주째 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 공복 인슐린이나 식후 2시간 인슐린치는 치료전 후에 의미 있는 차이가 없었다. 아카보스군에서는 치료 전후로 공복 인슐린, 식후 1시간과 2시간 인슐린치에 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 두약제 간에 치료 전과 치료 8주사이의 식후 2시간 인슐린의 감소량이 보글리보스 군에서 의미있게 높았다(p=0.040). 3)당화혈색소:보글리보스 군은 치료 전에 비해 치료후 당화혈색소가 감소하는 경향을 보였고, 아카보스군은 치료 전에 비해 의미있게 감소하였다. 당화혈색소 변화량은 두 군간에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다(p=0.412). 4)지질대사의 변화:중성지방, 콜레스테롤, 고밀도 진단백 콜레스테롤에 대해 두 군간에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 5)부작용:소화기계 부작용의 빈도는 치료 4주째 보글리보스 군에서 의미 있게 낮았으나(p=0.028), 치료 8주째 부작용의 빈도는 두 군간에 의미 있는 차이가 없었다(p=0.215). 결론:2형 당뇨병 환자에서 보글리보스와 아카보스의 두 약제의 임상적 유효성과 부작용발현에 대해 비교한 결과 치료 후 8 주 후 혈당강화효과는 두 약제간에 유사한 효과를 보였으나 보글리보스군에서 4주째의 초기 위장관 부작용이 적었다. Background : Acarbose and voglibose are alpha-glucosidase inhibitors. Although different pharmacological effects and adverse abdominal events associated with the two drugs have been reported, no study directly compared acarbose and voglibose in diabetes has been undertaken. To compare the pharmacological effects and gastrointestinal adverse events between two drugs, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-bind study was performed in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods : The period of study was 12 weeks(observation period: 4 weeks; treatment period: 8 weeks). Fifty-three patients were randomized into two groups(the acarbose group: 24 patients; the voglibose group: 29 patients). The serum glucose, insulin, fructosamine, HbA_1c, cholesterol, triglyceride and the incidence of adverse events were measured. Results : 1) The reduction of glucose from before treatment to 4 weeks after treatment was significantly higher in the acarbose group, but the change before treatment and 8 weeks after treatment in the two groups was similar(p=0.569). 2) The insulin significantly decreased after voglibose treatment(p=0.040). 3) HbAa_1c level tended to decrease in voglibose group, and there was a significant decrease after acarbose treatment. However, the change in HbA_1c level before and after treatment was similar between the two groups(p=0.412). 4) The two drugs did not cause any other changes in the total, HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride. 5) The number of patients with gastrointestinal adverse events was significantly low 4 weeks after voglibose treatment (p=0.049), but the incidence in the two groups was similar after 8 weeks(p=0.215). Conclusions : Acarbose and voglibose significantly improved postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes. The incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events was low 4 weeks after voglibose treatment(J Kor Diabetes 26:134~145, 2002).

Glucotoxicity in the INS-1 Rat Insulinoma Cell Line Is Mediated by the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Small Heterodimer Partner

Park, Keun-Gyu,Lee, Kyeong-Min,Seo, Hye-Young,Suh, Ji-Ho,Kim, Hye-Soon,Wang, Li,Won, Kyu-Chang,Lee, Hyoung-Woo,Park, Joong-Yeol,Lee, Ki-Up,Kim, Jung-Guk,Kim, Bo-Wan,Choi, Hueng-Sik,Lee, In-Kyu American Diabetes Association 2007 Diabetes Vol.56 No.2

<P>Prolonged elevations of glucose concentration have deleterious effects on beta-cell function. One of the hallmarks of such glucotoxicity is a reduction in insulin gene expression, resulting from decreased insulin promoter activity. Small heterodimer partner (SHP; NR0B2) is an atypical orphan nuclear receptor that inhibits nuclear receptor signaling in diverse metabolic pathways. In this study, we found that sustained culture of INS-1 cells at high glucose concentrations leads to an increase in SHP mRNA expression, followed by a decrease in insulin gene expression. Inhibition of endogenous SHP gene expression by small interfering RNA partially restored high-glucose-induced suppression of the insulin gene. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of SHP in INS-1 cells impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion as well as insulin gene expression. SHP downregulates insulin gene expression via two mechanisms: by downregulating PDX-1 and MafA gene expression and by inhibiting p300-mediated pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor 1-and BETA2-dependent transcriptional activity from the insulin promoter. Finally, the pancreatic islets of diabetic OLETF rats express SHP mRNA at higher levels than the islets from LETO rats. These results collectively suggest that SHP plays an important role in the development of beta-cell dysfunction induced by glucotoxicity.</P>

Evaluation of energy and water recovery in forward osmosis–bioelectrochemical hybrid system with cellulose triacetate and polyamide asymmetric membrane in different orientations

Yang, Euntae,Kim, Kyoung-Yeol,Chae, Kyu-Jung,Lee, Mi-Young,Kim, In S. Balaban Publishers 2016 Desalination and Water Treatment Vol. No.

<P>Recent forward osmosis-bioelectrochemical hybrid systems (FO-BESs) have been designed to simultaneously produce bio-energy and clean water from wastewater. Asymmetric forward osmosis (FO) membranes are a crucial component for determining FO-BES performance, but only cellulose triacetate (CTA NW) membranes in the same orientation have been applied to FO-BESs. In this work, both CTA NW and polyamide (PA) membranes were tested in two membrane orientations (active layer facing feed solution or anolyte and support layer facing feed solution). For an in-depth understanding of the FO membranes, properties were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, impedance spectroscopy, and proton transport analyses. The electricity generation and water extraction in FO-BESs having these two FO membranes in different orientations were then evaluated. Based on membrane characterization, PA seemed to be a proper membrane for the FO-BES because of higher hydrophilicity, lower membrane thickness, lower mass transfer resistance, and better proton transfer ability. However, there was no significant current output difference between the FO-BESs having CTA NW and PA. Rather, in terms of water flux, the FO-BESs having CTA NW in the support layer facing feed solution orientation showed better performance.</P>

도암호의 수질과 어류군집 특성 연구

이상하,최재석,이광열,장영수,임인수,허우명,김재구,김범철 강원대학교 부속 환경연구소 2005 Journal of the Environment Vol.2 No.-

To investigate nutrient dynamics of the lake and fish community, both water and fish samples were collected at three different areas (dam site, upper inflowing and downstream of lake outfow) for one year from Sep.2004 to Aug.2005 During the experimental periods, mean concentration of chl, a in epilimnetic layer (0-5m) was 18.5mg^(-3) and transparency ranged from 0.3m to 2.4m, respectively. In nutrient, mean concentrations of TP and TN were 111 mgP m^(-3) and 4.4 mgN L^(-1), respectively. Based on the water quality standard suggested by U.S.EPA(*1976), the trophic state of Lake Doam was classified as eutrophic state. Total number of fish collected in Lake Doam was 9,600 indiveduals in 26 species of 6 family. Sixteen of Korean endemic soecies including H. mylodon, A. signifer, P. tenuicorpa occurred. O. mykiss as introduced fish was also found in Lake Doam. Dominant and subdominant species were P. herzi and Z. platypus that took about 34.6% and 22.5% of total fish composition, respectively. Six species including A. signifer. P. tenuicorpa. and R. kumgangensis were rare in Lake Doam. Pelagic typw of figh commonly occurred at upper regions, whereas benthic type was mainly domenated at downstream area. Therefore, pollution source inflowed from the upper regions did not seriously affect downstream area (Songcheon water system) due to the role of dam as pollutant barrier. In addition high appearance of Comat type of fish that si hybrid between gold fish (C.auratus) and C. auratus was found in the lake, It was unclear the reasons that high prorortion of mutant species apperared in the lake. Further more researches are required in this area.

Isolation and Identification of an Unreported Fungal Species in Korea and Novel Ice Nucleation Active Fungus : Fusarium diversisporum

Diane Avalos-Ruiz,Gwang-Jae Lim,Seong-Keun Lim,Ten Leonid N.,Kang In-Kyu,Lee Seung-Yeol,Jung Hee-Young 한국균학회 2022 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.50 No.4

In this study, the fungal strain KNUF-21-F39 was isolated from a declined apple tree (Malus domestica) in the Chungcheongbuk province in Korea. The strain KNUF-21-F39 presented a slow growth rate and a variety of macroconidia shapes and sizes ranging from ovoid to fusoid and 1- to 5-septate, primarily showing 3- and 4-septate, with “S” -shaped macroconidia rarely observed. The strain was identified based on morphological characteristics along with phylogenetic analysis performed using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and partial sequences of translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1), RNA polymerase largest subunit (rpb1), and calmodulin (cal ) genes. The fungal strain KNUF- 21-F39 was identified as Fusarium diversisporum, which has not been previously reported in Korea. The ice nucleation activity (INA) of the strain was also evaluated, identifying the strain as positive for INA. This is the first report characterizing F. diversisporum as an IN-active fungal species.

위 유문동 평활근 세포에서 Caffeine에 의해 활성화되는 이온 전류에 관한 연구

정인원,이무열,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1992 中央醫大誌 Vol.17 No.3

In order to clarify the existence of the non-selective cationic channel of CI^- -channel in gastric antral smooth muscle cells which suggested to play a critical role in generation and maintenance of depolarization and exitability, the whole cell mode of patch-clamp experiment was conducted. Following results were obtained ; 1. Puff injection of caffeine induced the increase of inward currents in the hyperpolarized holding potential ranges, and the increase of outward currents in the hypopolarized range. 2. In the case of blocking of all known currents, these current components were observed. 3. These current components were disappeared when known as a Cl^- -channel blocking agent was treated and intracellular EGTA concentration was increased. The above results could be concluded that these current components strongly suggested as a Ca^2+ -dependent Cl^- current in the gastric antral smooth muscle cells.

어선원의 선상생활 건강관리에 대한 지식, 태도 및 실천도 분석

이영열,옥치상,황인철 고신대학교보건과학연구소 1999 보건과학연구소보 Vol.9 No.-

Because the seamen must live on ship apart from the land on or off daty, seamen' health managenent must consider the characteristics of ship surroundings such as weather and job. The questionnaire, which was made in base of Guide Line of Nation Health, was surveyed to the subject of seamen who were consisted of social community in particular environment such as ship. The subject of survey of was 420 trainess of ship security who have Korean nationality in the department of fishery, as in-service training institute of sea fisher, where is Young Do Gu, Pusan. The period of survey was 13weeks from Oct. 1, 1998 to Dec. 30. 1998. Based on the results, the characteristics of the subject showed the highest as the age of 30's, 38.1% : the height of 165∼170cm, 38.8% : the weight of 61∼70kg, 43.4% : the religion belief of 68.8% : a school career, 45.4%(graduated from high-school) : embarkation career. 41.1%(from 11 to 20 years) and on-duty hours a week, 43.4%(above 81 hours). The higher age, religious-beliefs, married-life, duty-position and emparkation-career are, the higher knowledge-degree about health management is. And the higher age, religious-beliefs, married-life, embarkation-career are, the higher attitude-degree is. The higher age, religious-beliefs, married-life, duty position, ship-burden, ship-age and embarkation-career are, the higher practice-degree is. The knowledge and the attitude about health management were totally 4.20±0.27 and 3.42±0.34 in mean by 5-score scale, respectively. The practice-degrees about health management were cleanliness, 3.40 ; food, 3.15 ; drinking and smoking, 2.92 ; satisfaction of work, 3.89 ; public order, prevention of security accident, 4.08 ; healthy environmental creation, 3.00 in mean, by 5-score scale, respectively, and was totally 3.41 ±0.44. And the degrees about health management were that the knowledge score in mean was the highest by 4.20, the attitude was higher by 3.42, and the practice was the lowest by 3.41. The corelations among knowledge, attitude and practice-degree were significant difference and were corelated(0.31∼0.63). And the corelations among factors of practice-degree were significant difference and were corelated(0.19∼0.58). By regression analysis, R square of the knowledge and practice degree about health management were 0.36, 0.07 by cleanliness, respectively. R square of the attitude degree was 0.48 by both cleanliness and food. The above results showed that the health management of seamen in the ship life should be high the corelation among knowledge, attitudes and practice-degree. And it is considered that the education for the health management of seamen is needed periodically. additionally, the higher environmental sanitation and occupational environment are, the higher healthy life is. So the concern and service of shipowner about their seamen health should be needed more and more.

Ca^(2+)―작동성 Cl^-전류에 미치는 이차 전령들의 효과

송인섭,이무열,방효원,엄대용,이상돈 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1993 中央醫大誌 Vol.18 No.3

The anion movements across the cell membrane were regarded as apart of passive distribution according to the cation movements. Recently, from the developement of patch clamp technique new concept for anion channels were introduced. And their roles in the genesis of action potential and resting potential were noticed. So we clarified the existence of the chloride channel in the smooth muscle cells and studied its nature in regard to the roles of the second messangers. We used the whold cell voltage clamp technique to study the current responses induced by carbachol application in the circular smooth muscle cells of the gastric antrum of the rabbit. The results were as follows; 1. Application of the carbachol induced the increase of inward currents in the hyperpolarized potential ranges, and the increase of outward currents in the depolarized ranges. 2. Even in the cases of blocking all the known currents, these current components were observed. 3. Sodium ion removel from the external medium rarely affected these current responses, and the addition of cadmium ion did not make any remarkable change. 4. Known second messangers such as c-AMP, c-GMP, heparin, A1F_4 rarely affected these current components. 5. Lowering of intracellular calcium ion concentration drastically reduced these current responses. Form the above results we can suggest that the carbachol induced current responses contained chloride currents which were activated by only intracellular calcium ion, not by any other second messegers in the gastric antral smooth muscle cells.