Optimization of Light and Air Temperature Condtions to Produce Grafted Transplants of Fruit Vegetables in a Closed Transplant Production System with White LEDs

Hyunseung Hwang(황현승),Sewoong An,Minh Duy Pham,Meiyan Cui,Hyein Lee,Byungkwan Lee,Jeesang Myung,Jaewook Shin,Changhoo Chun 한국원예학회 2021 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2021 No.10

Transplant production in plant factories has increased to overcome unfavorable environments, including high temperatures in summer and a lack of sunlight in winter. To successfully apply plant factory using artificial light (PFAL) for the production of high-quality grafted transplants of fruit vegetables should establish optimal environmental conditions. The effects of environmental factors, such as light intensity, light quality, photoperiod, and temperature, on plants have been studied individually to control plant growth in a closed cultivation system. However, a few studies have investigated the application of more economical white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) and the combined effects of environmental factors on plant growth and morphology changes. In chapter one, lighting systems using WLEDs were established, and the effects of warm and cool WLEDs at various ratios on the growth of cucumber, tomato, and watermelon seedlings that would be used as scions and root stocks for grafted transplant production were examined. Four WLEDs were specifically manufactured for this study by adjusting the numbers of installed warm- and cool-white light chips: W1C0 (only warm-white light chips), W3C1 (warm-:cool-white light chips = 3:1), W5C2 (warm-:cool-white light chips = 5:2), and W1C1 (warm-:cool-white light chips = 1:1). The seedlings cultivated under treatment W1C1 had the shortest hypocotyls among the three tested vegetables. The hypocotyls of scions and rootstocks of tomato and watermelon were shortened in the order of W1C0, W3C1, W5C2, and W1C1, that is, in the same order with an increased proportion of cool-white light. The stem diameters were not significantly different except in tomato scions and watermelon rootstocks. In chapter two, the growth and morphology of tomato, red pepper, cucumber, gourd, watermelon, and bottle gourd seedlings that would be used as scions and/or root stocks for grafted transplant production were examined under different supplemental far-red (FR)-enriched WLED lights. The specifically manufactured WLED lighting fixtures consisted of different numbers of cool-white and FR light chips adjusted at ratios of 5:0, 5:1, 5:2, and 5:3. The phytochrome photostationary state (PSS) values that resulted in the maximum hypocotyl length ranged from 0.69 to 0.77 in tomato and red pepper seedlings. Although the hypocotyl lengths of cucumber and watermelon seedlings were also greatly affected by PSS, the PSS values resulting in the maximum hypocotyl length were lower than those found in tomato and red pepper seedlings. This suggests that FR-enriched WLEDs could be used to control the growth and morphology of vegetable seedlings with some variations among plant species and cultivars. In chapter three, the growth of tomato and red pepper seedlings was examined under different daily light integrals (DLIs) and day and night temperatures (DIFs) using a selected WLED lighting fixture. The seedlings were grown under different photoperiods with five different photon flux densities (PFDs) at an air temperature of 25/20°C. Increasing the DLI from 4.32 to 21.6 mol·m<SUP>-2</SUP>·d<SUP>-1</SUP>, either by increasing the photoperiod or PFD, improved seedling growth in both species. Under the same DLI conditions, tomato seedling growth was significantly enhanced with increased photoperiod and decreased PFD. Under higher DLI conditions, the reduced growth due to higher PFD indicated that excessive light energy was a limiting factor. The seedlings were also grown under three different air temperatures, 23/20, 25/20, and 27/20°C (photo-/dark periods), with five different PFDs. At 23/20 and 25/20°C, tomato seedlings showed a similar correlation between plant growth and an increase in PFD. At 27/20°C, however, the slope of the curve was flatter than those found in other treatments. On the other hand, red pepper seedlings showed similar correlation curves between growth and PFD at all tested air temperatures, and they accumulated more d

과채류 접목 시 균일한 접수와 대목 생산을 위한 백색 LED의 적용

황현승(Hyunseung Hwang),전창후(Changhoo Chun) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2022 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.31 No.1

광질은 묘의 형태를 조절하는 중요한 환경 요인 중 하나이다. warm-white와 cool-white LED의 칩에 비율이 다른 bar type를 제작하여, 백색 LED의 광질에 따른 묘의 생육을 조사하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 오이, 토마토 및 수박의 접수와 대목의 종자를 파종하여, LED를 광원으로 하는 식물공장에서 재배하였다. 처리구는 W1C0(warm-white 단독), W1C1 (warmwhite: cool-white=1:1), W3C1 (warm-white:cool-white=3:1), W5C2 (warm-white:cool-white=5:2)이다. 모든 처리구에서 W1C1 처리구에서 재배한 묘목의 배축장이 가장 짧았으며, W1C0에서 재배된 묘목의 배축장이 가장 길었다. 수박 접수, 수박 대목, 그리고 토마토 대목의 배축장은 W1C1, W3C1, W5C2, W1C0 순이었으며, 이는 cool-white의 비율이 높은 순서와 같았다. 토마토 접수는 각각 W1C0과 W3C1에서 첫 번째와 두 번째로 배축이 길었고 W5C2와 W1C1에서 가장 짧았으며, 통계적 차이는 없었다. 경경은 토마토 접수, 토마토 대목 및 수박 대목을 제외하고는 큰 차이가 없었다. 토마토 접수, 토마토 대목 및 수박 대목의 줄기 직경은 W1C0에서 가장 굵었다. 오이, 수박의 접수와 대목의 지상부 생체중과 오이 접수의 지하부 생체중은 W1C1에서 가장 작았다. 본 연구를 통해 LED 광원의 다양한 비율은 묘목의 배축 신장에 크게 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. Uniform scions and rootstocks should be produced to ensure grafting success. Light quality is an important environmental factor that regulates seedling growth. The effects of warm- and cool-white light emitting diode (LED) ratios on seedling growth were investigated. Scions and rootstocks of cucumber, tomato, and watermelon were grown in a closed transplant production system using LED as the sole lighting source. The LED treatments were W1C0 (only warm-white), W1C1 (warm-white: cool-white = 1:1), W3C1 (warm-white: cool-white = 3:1), and W5C2 (warm-white: cool-white = 5:2). The seedlings grown in W1C1 had the shortest hypocotyls, and the seedlings grown in W1C0 had the longest hypocotyls among the three tested vegetables. The hypocotyls of watermelon scions, watermelon rootstocks, and tomato rootstocks were shortest in W1C1, followed by those in W3C1, W5C2, and W1C0, but there was no significant difference between W3C1 and W5C2, which remained the same as the ratio of cool-white LEDs increased. In addition, tomato scions had the first and second longest hypocotyls in W1C0 and W3C1, respectively, and the shortest hypocotyls in W5C2 and W1C1, along with W5C2 and W1C1, although the difference was not significant. The stem diameter was highest in W1C0 except for tomato seedlings and rootstocks of watermelon. The shoot fresh weight of scions and rootstocks of cucumber and watermelon and the root fresh weight of cucumber scions were lowest in W1C1. These results indicated that different ratios of LED lighting sources had a strong effect on the hypocotyl elongation of seedlings.

근권부 국부 냉방이 토마토 묘 생육에 미치는 영향

김은지(Eun Ji Kim),황현승(Hyunseung Hwang),주세훈(Se Hun Ju),나해영(Haeyoung Na) (사)한국생물환경조절학회 2022 생물환경조절학회지 Vol.31 No.4

Comparison of Bioactive Compounds Contents in Different Fruit Tissues of June-bearing Strawberry Cultivars

Sung Kyeom Kim(김성겸),Ro Na Bae(배로나),Hyunseung Hwang(황현승),Moo Jung Kim(김무정),Hye Ryeong Sung(성혜령),Changhoo Chun(전창후) 한국원예학회 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.6

‘매향’, ‘설향’, ‘금향’, ‘아키히메’와 ‘레드펄’ 딸기 과실 부위에서 환원당, 유기산, 아스코르빈산, 안토시아닌 및 엘라직산의 함량을 비교하였다. 환원당, 유기산, 아스코르빈산 및 안토시아닌 함량은 딸기 표피에서 다른 부위의 함량 보다 유의하게 높았으나 엘라직산의 함량은 딸기 수과에서 높았다. ‘매향’ 딸기의 표피 및 과육에서 아스코르빈산 함량은 각각 69.2와 42.2㎎?100g<SUP>-1</SUP> FW로 다른 품종에 비해 높았다. 그리고 ‘금향’ 딸기의 표피 및 수과에서 안토시아닌 함량은 각각 74.0㎎?100g<SUP>-1</SUP> FW과 36.7㎎?100g<SUP>-1</SUP> DW으로 타 품종에 비해 유의하게 높았으며 ‘설향’ 딸기 수과에서 엘라직산의 함량은 215.5㎎?100g<SUP>-1</SUP> DW로 타 품종에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 딸기 과실의 부위에 따라 바이오 활성 화합물들의 함량은 크게 차이가 있었으며 ‘매향’, ‘설향’ 및 ‘금향’ 딸기 품종은 바이오 활성 화합물들의 함량이 높아 소비자들에게는 고품질 딸기로 인식될 수 있어 국내 육성 품종 딸기의 보급이 확산될 것으로 기대된다. 그리고 본 기초적 결과들은 딸기 가공 분야 및 영양학 연구 분야에도 유용하게 활용될 것으로 판단된다. We evaluated the bioactive compounds including carbohydrates (CH), organic acids (OA), ascorbic acid (AA), anthocyanin (AC), and ellagic acid (EA) in the achenes, epidermis, and flesh of fully ripe strawberry fruits of the ‘Maehyang’, ‘Seolhyang’, ‘Keumhyang’, ‘Akiheme’, and ‘Red pearl’ cultivars. The total contents of CH, OA, AA, and AC were significantly greater in the epidermis than in other tissues, while the EA content was significantly greater in the achenes than in other tissues. The AA content of the epidermis ranged from 49.1-69.2 ㎎?100 g<SUP>-1</SUP> FW and was significantly greater than the content of the flesh, while AA was not detected in the achenes of any of the tested strawberry cultivars. The AA contents of the epidermis and flesh of the ‘Maehyang’ were 69.2 and 42.2 mg?100 g<SUP>-1</SUP> FW, respectively, and were greater than those of the other cultivars. The AC contents in the epidermis and achenes of the ‘Keumhyang’ were 74.0 ㎎?100 g<SUP>-1</SUP> FW and 36.7 ㎎?100 g<SUP>-1</SUP> DW, respectively, greater than those of the other cultivars. The EA content of the achenes of the ‘Seolhyang’ was 215.5 ㎎?100 g<SUP>-1</SUP> DW, significantly greater than those of the other cultivars. Results indicate that the antioxidant levels and other chemical compounds of strawberry fruits vary significantly among different fruit tissues. Our results also suggest that the recently introduced Korean ‘Maehyang’, ‘Seolhyang’, and ‘Keumhyang’ contain higher levels of antioxidants than other major June-bearing strawberry cultivars. These cultivars are feasible selections for both growers and consumers.