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Lee Byungkwan,PHAM MINH DUY,CUI MEIYAN,Lee Hyein,Hwang Hyunseung,Jang Inbae,전창후 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.6
The eff ects of light intensity and photoperiod, and their combination as daily light integrals (DLI) on the growth and physi- ological traits of Panax ginseng seedlings were investigated to establish a light environment for seedling production. Strati- fi ed seeds of Panax ginseng ‘Chunpoong’ were sown. The seedlings were cultivated for 20 weeks using warm-white LEDs with DLI from 1.44 to 10.94 mol m −2 d −1, which are combinations of three light intensities (50, 120, and 190 μmol m −2 s−1) and three photoperiods (8, 12, and 16 h d −1) in a plant factory with artifi cial lighting (PFAL). As the DLI increased, the shoot length and leaf area were exponentially reduced after shoot development at both nine and 20 weeks of treatments. At nine weeks of treatment, the greater light intensity and longer photoperiod treatments, where the shoot established fastest, the photosynthetic products were translocated to the roots fi rst and the dry weight distribution in the root increased as DLI increased. In the high light intensity and long photoperiod treatments, SPAD value, maximum (F v/Fm), and minimum (F v/ Fo) quantum effi ciency tended to decrease, and the photosynthetic traits were negatively aff ected over time with leaf senes- cence. The root growth rate in high light intensity with long photoperiod treatments seemed to lag behind that in low light intensity with short photoperiod treatments. As a result, this study found that a light intensity of 50 μmol m −2 s−1 with a 12 h d −1 photoperiod (DLI of 2.16 mol m −2 d −1) was a suitable light environment for both shoot and root growth of ginseng seedlings. Further, the shoot establishment should be considered to design a light environment for ginseng seedling produc- tion in a PFAL.
Pyloric Gland Adenoma in Lynch Syndrome
Lee, Seung Eun,Kang, So Young,Cho, Junhun,Lee, Boram,Chang, Dong Kyung,Woo, Hyein,Kim, Jong Won,Park, Ha Young,Do, In Gu,Kim, Young Eun,Kushima, Ryoji,Lauwers, Gregory Y.,Park, Cheol Keun,Kim, Kyoung Raven Press 2014 The American journal of surgical pathology Vol.38 No.6
<P>The prevalence of gastric cancer associated with Lynch syndrome (LS) is highly variable, and the underlying histologic pathway or molecular mechanisms remain unclear. From 1995 to 2012, 15 patients had been treated for both gastric and colonic adenocarcinomas and diagnosed as LS. In all cases, pathologic review, immunohistochemical analysis for mismatch-repair proteins, and microsatellite instability (MSI) tests were performed. To confirm LS, germline mutation tests and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification were performed. All gastric and colonic carcinomas were MSI-high and lost expressions of MLH1/PMS2 in 11 (73%) cases and MSH2/MSH6 in 4 (27%) cases. Remarkably, in a patient with LS and germline mutation of <I>MLH1</I> gene, pyloric gland adenoma (PGA) transformed to adenocarcinoma during follow-up. In 2 additional cases, PGA was found adjacent to advanced gastric cancers. All PGAs in LS patients were MSI-high and lost expression of mismatch-repair proteins (MLH1/PMS2 in 2 cases and MSH2/MSH6 in 1 case), whereas none of the 14 sporadic PGAs was MSI-high or had lost expression of mismatch-repair proteins. On the basis of these observations, although very rare, we suggest the possibility that PGA may be a precursor lesion to gastric adenocarcinoma in LS and that the mismatch-repair deficient pathway of carcinogenesis is involved early in the gastric carcinogenesis pathway.</P>
Lee, Hyein,Kim, Young Jun,Sohn, Youngku,Rhee, Choong Kyun The Korean Electrochemical Society 2021 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.12 No.3
This work presents a contrasting behavior of formic acid oxidation (FAO) on the Pt and Bi deposits on different Pt substrates. Using irreversible adsorption method, Bi and Pt were sequentially deposited on Pt electrodes of nanoparticle (Pt NP) and disk (Pt disk). The deposited layers of Bi and Pt on the Pt substrates were characterized with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. The electrochemical behaviors and FAO enhancements of Pt NP and Pt disk with deposited Bi only (i.e., Bi/Pt NP and Bi/Pt disk), were similar to each other. However, additional deposition of Pt on Bi/Pt NP and Bi/Pt disk (i.e., Pt/Bi/Pt NP and Pt/Bi/Pt disk) changed the electrochemical behavior and FAO activity in different ways depending on the shapes of the Pt substrates. With Pt/Bi/Pt NP, the hydrogen adsorption was suppressed and the surface oxidation of Pt was enhanced; while with Pt/Bi/Pt disk, the opposite behavior was observed. This difference was interpreted as a stronger interaction between the deposited Bi and Pt on Pt NP than that on Pt disk. The FAO performance on Pt/Bi/Pt NP is much better than that on Pt/Bi/Pt disk, most likely due to the difference in the interaction between the deposited Pt and Bi depending on the shapes of Pt substrates. In designing FAO electrochemical catalysts using Pt and Bi, the shape of a Pt substrate was concluded to be critically considered.
Co-deposits of Pt and Bi on Au disk toward formic acid oxidation
Hyein Lee,Young Jun Kim,Sungmin Hong,Youngku Sohn,Choong Kyun Rhee 한국진공학회 2021 한국진공학회 학술발표회초록집 Vol.2021 No.2
This study presents a simple way to prepare electrocatalysts toward formic acid oxidation (FAO) using co-deposition of Pt and Bi on Au. The previous deposition procedure using irreversible adsorption was two sequential deposition steps of Pt and Bi on Au. In this work, one step to co-deposit Pt and Bi simultaneously was investigated. The amount of Pt and Bi was controlled by repeating the co-deposition cycle. The FAO catalytic activity of Pt-Bi/Au (~14 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>) was higher than Bi/Pt/Au (~6 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>). Thus co-deposition of Pt and Bi was effective in preparation of catalysts for FAO.
Functional Characterization of Drosophila melanogaster CYP6A8 Fatty Acid Hydroxylase
Lee Sang-A,Kim Vitchan,Choi Byoungyun,Lee Hyein,Chun Young-Jin,Cho Kyoung Sang,Kim Donghak 한국응용약물학회 2023 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.31 No.1
Genomic analysis indicated that the genome of Drosophila melanogaster contains more than 80 cytochrome P450 genes. To date, the enzymatic activity of these P450s has not been extensively studied. Here, the biochemical properties of CYP6A8 were characterized. CYP6A8 was cloned into the pCW vector, and its recombinant enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using Ni2+-nitrilotriacetate affinity chromatography. Its expression level was approximately 130 nmol per liter of culture. Purified CYP6A8 exhibited a low-spin state in the absolute spectra of the ferric forms. Binding titration analysis indicated that lauric acid and capric acid produced type І spectral changes, with Kd values 28 ± 4 and 144 ± 20 μM, respectively. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed that the oxidation reaction of lauric acid produced (ω-1)-hydroxylated lauric acid as a major product and ω-hydroxy-lauric acid as a minor product. Steady-state kinetic analysis of lauric acid hydroxylation yielded a kcat value of 0.038 ± 0.002 min–1 and a Km value of 10 ± 2 μM. In addition, capric acid hydroxylation of CYP6A8 yielded kinetic parameters with a kcat value of 0.135 ± 0.007 min–1 and a Km value of 21 ± 4 μM. Because of the importance of various lipids as carbon sources, the metabolic analysis of fatty acids using CYP6A8 in this study can provide an understanding of the biochemical roles of P450 enzymes in many insects, including Drosophila melanogaster.
Development of a compact optical torque sensor with decoupling axial-interference effects for pHRI
Lee, Hyein,Kim, Sangjoon J.,Chang, Handdeut,Kim, Jung Elsevier 2018 Mechatronics Vol.52 No.-
<P>This paper presents the design of an optical torque sensor that can structurally decouple the effect of axial-interference for use in various robotics applications. Torque sensors are widely used in the joints of intelligent service or wearable robots to realize safe human-robot interaction. Whole robot body sensing using torque sensors is essential for safe interaction. However, most torque sensors are bulky, heavy and expensive. Therefore, many optical-based torque sensors have been proposed to deal with such problems, but the issue of axial-interference still remains. We resolved the axial-interference problem via the geometrical structure of the sensor body and differential signaling using two reflective optical sensors. The moment interference error was successfully decreased from 4.49% (with one optical sensor) to 0.11% (with two optical sensors) using the proposed sensor structure while maintaining a compact size, lightweight, and low cost. Static tests and dynamic tests were carried out and analyzed for accuracy error, hysteresis, and repeatability. We then compared the performance of an impedance controller that is widely used in service and wearable robots using the proposed sensor and a commercial torque sensor with respect to various control loop rates. The control performance of the proposed sensor was comparable to that of commercial sensors.</P>