Microfluidic room temperature ionic liquid droplet generation depending on the hydrophobicity and interfacial tension

Woo-Jin Chang,Jung Wook Hwang,Joo-Hyung Choi,최범준,이규도,이상우,구윤모 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.1

We have characterized micro-droplet generation using water immiscible hexafluorophosphate ([PF6])- and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Tf2N])-based room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). The interfacial tension between total 7 RTILs and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was measured using a tensiometer for the first time. PBS is one of the most commonly used buffer solutions in cell-related researches. The measured interfacial tension ranges from 8.51 to 11.62 and from 9.56 to 13.19 for [Tf2N]- and [PF6]-based RTILs, respectively. The RTILs micro-droplets were generated in a microfluidic device. The micro-droplet size and generation frequency were determined based on continuous monitoring of light transmittance at the interface in microchannel. The size of RTIL micro-droplets was inversely proportional to the increase of PBS solution flow rate and RTILs hydrophobicity, while droplet generation frequency was proportional to those changes. The measured size of RTILs droplets ranged from 0.6 to 10.5 nl, and from 1.0 to 17.1 nl for [Tf2N]- and [PF6]-based RTILs, respectively. The measured frequency of generated RTILs droplets ranged from 2.3 to 37.2 droplet/min, and from 2.7 to 17.1 droplet/min for [Tf2N]- and [PF6]-based RTILs, respectively. The capillary numbers were calculated depending on the RTILs, and ranged from 0.51×10−3 to 1.06×10−3 and from 5.00×10−3 to 8.65×10−3, for [Tf2N]- and [PF6]-based RTILs, respectively. The interfacial tension between RTILs and PBS will contribute to developing bioprocesses using immiscible RTILs. Also, the RTILs micro-droplets will enable the high-throughput monitoring of various biological and chemical reactions using RTILs as new reaction media.

흰쥐에서 반복적 스트레스가 GABA성 신경전달에 미치는 영향

김창수,이종범,성형모,시현석,김진성,박형배,정성덕,하정희 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.1

연구목적 : 일반적으로 생체는 각종 스트레스에 반응하여 적응(adaptation) 기전이 나타난다. 이러한 적응 기전과 관련하여 포유동물의 중요한 억제성 신경전달계인 GABA성 신경전달계의 스트레스성 자극에 대한 반응양상에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 신경전달의 변화양상은 부하된 스트레스의 종류 및 기간에 따라 다양하게 나타나므로 더욱 상세한 연구를 필요로 한다. 방 법 : 본 연구에서는 하루 2시간의 부동화 스트레스를 반복적으로 2주간 부하한 흰쥐의 뇌조직에서 GABA성 신경전달의 변화 양상을 관찰하고자 하였다. 수용체 결합반응을 통하여 GABA 수용체의 각 component별 배위자들의 각 수용체에 대한 결합 반응의 변화 양상을 정상 대조군와 비교하여 보고, 유의한 변화가 있는 부분의 상세한 검정을 위하여 포화결합반응을 통하여 친화력(Kd) 및 최대결합력(Bmax)에서의 변화양상을 검색하였다. 뿐만 아니라 GABA성 신경전달에 관여하는 중요한 신경전달체인 내인성 GABA의 함량과 대사효소인 GABA transaminase의 활성도의 변화양상도 검색하였다. 결 과 : 연구결과 반복적인 부동화 스트레스는 GABA 수용체 효현제인 [³H]muscimol의 흰쥐 뇌조직 GABA 수용체에 대한 결합도에는 별다른 영향을 미치지 않았다. 대뇌피질조직의 GABA 대사효소인 GABA transaminase 활성도를 감소시켰으나, 피질조직외의 다른 조직의 GABA transaminase 활성도나 내인성 GABA의 농도에는 별다른 영향을 미치지 않았다. 반복적인 부동화 스트레스를 부하한 흰쥐의 대뇌피질, 해마 및 시상하부 조직에서는 [³H]flunitrazepam의 수용체 결합도가 감소하였으며, 포화결합 반응결과 수용체의 수가 감소하였음을 확인하였다. 결 론 : 이상의 결과를 요약하면, 흰쥐에게 부하한 반복적인 부동화 스트레스는 뇌조직의 benzodiazepine 수용체의 수를 감소시킴으로써 GABA성 신경전달을 감소시키며, 이러한 GABA성 신경전달계의 변환은 생체에서 스트레스로 인한 행동장애의 한 기전이 될 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다. Objectives : Changes of GABAergic neurotransmission in response to the application of different types of environmental stress have been the subject of research for over two decades. However, the nature of the changes induced by stress appear to show a dependent phenomena on the type and duration of stressor agent employed. Methods : For this reason, this study was performed to observe the effects of repeated stress on the radioligands binding to GABAA/benzodiazepine receptors of discrete brain regions. The author also examined the activity of GABA transaminase and the concentration of endogenous GABA. Male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 150-200g were forced to suffer an immobilization stress for 2 hours during 14 consecutive days. Results : Repeated immobilization stress decreased the binding of [3H]flunitrazepam on the benzodiazepine receptor in the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus. Saturation experiments followed by scatchard analyses of the results showed decreased density of benzodiazepine receptor and the affinity remained unchanged. Repeated immobilization stress did not affect the binding of [3H]muscimol on the GABAA receptor, the activity of GABA transaminase, and the concentration of endogenous GABA in the brain regions. Conclusions : From these results, it can be concluded that repeated immobilization stress modulated GABAergic neurotransmission via downregulation of the benzodiazepine receptor in the brain.

연장 가골에 골 이식 대체물 투여가 골 경화에 미치는 영향 : 가토 경골에서의 방사선 및 골 밀도의 변화 Changes of Radiography & Bone Mineral Density in the Tibia of Rabbits

오창욱,김풍택,박병철,송해룡,박일형,백준호,박형진 경북대학교 병원 2003 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.7 No.1

목적 : 골 연장술 후 생기는 연장 가골에 황화 칼슘과 이종 이식골을 투여하여 골 경화 속도에 대한 영향을 알아보기 위한 실험이었다. 연구대상 및 방법 : 성장중인 뉴질랜드 화이트 토끼(2.0-2.5㎏)의 경골 간부에 골막을 보호하고, 절골술을 시행하고, 5일간의 휴지기후 외고정 장치를 이용하여 1주일 동안 7㎜가 연장될 때까지 하루 1㎜씩 2회의 리듬을 가지고 골 연장을 실시하였다. 제1 실험 군 7마리에는 연장이 끝난 직후 황화 칼슘(Osteoset^(ⓡ), Wright medical USA) 1정, 제 2 실험 군 7마리에는 이종 이식골의 일종인 Lubboc 5㎟을 각각 연장된 가골 부에 주입하고, 단순 연장한 대조군 7마리와 함께, 방사선 및 골 밀도비를 측정하고 추시하여, 골 경화의 진행속도를 비교하였다. 방사선 촬영은 전후면 및 측면사진을 1주 간격으로 촬영하였고, 골밀도 측정은 DEXA(dual energy X-ray absorptionmetry, Lunar^(ⓡ)) 장치를 2주일 간격으로 시행하였다. 결과 : 방사선 소견상, 제 1실험군의 연장가골의 완전 경화시간은 평균 14주, 제 2실험군은 154 주로 각각 대조군의 16.9주보다 단축되었으며, 골 밀도 비에서도, 두 실험군에서 최고치가 대조군의 값보다 높고, 최고치까지의 경과기간도 빨랐다. 결론 : 본 연구에서 연장 가골에 황화칼슘 및 이종 이식골의 투여가 골 경화의 기간을 단축시킬 수 있고, 외고정 장치의 빠른 제거에 도움이 될 수 있음을 알았다. Purpose : This study was designed to know the effect of calcium-sulfate and xenograft on the distracted callus after lengthening. Materials & Methods : We had operation of subperiosteal osteotomy and external fixation on the tibial diaphysis of young New Zealand White rabbits(2.0-2.5㎏); after 5 days of latency period, 7㎜(1㎜/day, 2times/day) of tibial lengthening was reached in a week. At 1 week after lengthening, the 1st experimental group of 7 rabbits received a pellet of calcium sulfate(Osteoset, Wright medical, USA) in the distraction gap, and the 2nd experimental group of 7 rabbits received 5㎜ 2 of xenogrfat(Lubboc) in the distraction gap. But, the control group of 7 rabbits did not receive any of above materials. We compared three groups with the changes of radiographic findings at every week and bone mineral ratio(DEXA) at every two weeks. Results : The time to complete consolidation of distraction callus of both experimental group(calcium sulfate;14 weeks, xenograft; 15.4 weeks) was shorter than that of control group(16.9 weeks) in radiographic findings. Maximum value of bone mineral ratio of distraction callus was higher and the time to reach the highest value was also shortened in the both experimental group compared to control group. Conclusion : By use of bone substitutes as like calcium sulfate or xenograft in the distraction callus with external fixator, it may be possible to shorten the consolidation period and the fixator-wearing period.

연구논문 : 근대 이후 조리서에 나타난 (전)煎의 변화 분석 및 문헌 고찰

조주형 ( Joo Hyung Cho ),장영은 ( Young Eun Chang ),김진숙 ( Jin Sock Kim ) 한국식생활문화학회 2012 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.27 No.6

This study examined the historical changes in Jean. The Korean dictionary was analyzed to analyze the modern definition of Jeon. To investigate the change in the type and cooking methods of Jean, 36 cookbooks from the late 1800s to 1999 were analyzed. The cooking method for Jean, such as the ingredient, quantity and how to cooking were presented systematically since 1935. The main ingredients of jeon in modern cookbooks are seafood 36.0%, vegetables 30.2% and meat 20.3%. Jean made with seafood or vegetables, chopped meat put in each main ingredient or meatballs with minced meat, etc. meat was used to make Jean in a variety of ways. The cooking method for Jeon in a frying pan is the most basic method. After trimmed materials, adding flour, eggs and oil are the most common way, Making dough with grain flour or ground potatoes, green beans, legumes, etc., and mixing the ingredients in a pan-frying methods appeared to be under the influence of other countries recipes. Modern food culture, introducing new ingredients and cookware, has changed. As a result, jeon cooking methods and the application of the material have varied. The type of jean and cooking methods are expected to increase further and become more diverse.

항공사진과 Lidar 데이터를 이용한 산림지역의 바이오매스 추정에 관한 연구

장안진 ( An Jin Chang ),김형태 ( Hyung Tae Kim ) 한국지리정보학회 2008 한국지리정보학회지 Vol.11 No.3

최근 지구환경 문제가 국제적 이슈로 떠오르는 가운데, 친환경적이면서 재생 가능한 바이오매스 에너지원에 대한 관심이 주목되고 있다. 특히 우리나라는 기후변화 협약 및 교토의정서 발효 등에 따라 탄소배출량을 조절해야 하는 시점이기에 산림 바이오매스에 대한 중요성이 더욱 커지고 있다. 산림지역이 전체국토의 약 2/3을 차지하는 국내의 경우 넓은 지역을 포함하고, 일률적인 데이터 처리가 가능한 원격탐사 자료를 이용하여 바이오매스를 추정하는 것이 보다 경제적이고 효율적인 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 원격탐사 자료 중 개체목 구분 및 수고 추출이 가능한 LiDAR 데이터와 항공사진을 이용하여 산림지역의 바이오매스를 추정하고, 현장실측 자료와 비교를 통해 정확도평가를 수행하였다. 총 3종류의 바이오매스 산출식을 사용하여 조사구 내 개체목의 평균 바이오매스와 조사구 내 전체 바이오매스를 계산하여 현장조사 자료와 비교하였다. 개체목 평균 바이오매스의 회귀분석 R2는 모두 0.8이상으로 높계 추정되었고, 조사구 내 전체 바이오매스의 R2도 0.65 이상의 값을 나타내었다. 이를 통해 기존의 현장조사를 통한 방법보다 원격탐사 자료를 이용하여 보다 효율적이고 경제적으로 관측할 수 있음을 확인하였다. Recently, problem of earth environment being attended with international issue, people are concerned about the environmentally-friendly and renewable biomass energy. Especially, the forest biomass is more important because Korea have to control carbon footprint for Kyoto Protocol and Convention on Climate Change. In case of Korea, forest area covers the land about 2/3 of all country. It is needed that more economical and efficient method to estimate the biomass by remote sensing data which include wide coverage and is progressed by one-step. In this study, we estimate forest biomass with LiDAR data and aerial photograph. Three biomass equation is used and estimate mean biomass of single tree and entire biomass in plots. The results are compared with field data. R2 of the mean biomass of single tree is greater than 0.8 and that of entire biomass in plots is greater than 0.65. In conclusion, the method using remote sensing data is verified more economical and efficient than previous field data method.

난치성 만성정신분열증 환자의 생활의 질에 미치는 정신사회치료 프로그램의 효과에 대한 예비연구

송동호,배민진,이종호,이홍식,김선경,서호석,김찬형,전지용 大韓神經精神醫學會 1995 신경정신의학 Vol.34 No.4

Objects : Recent studies of psychosocial adjustment after hospitalization have found that the combination of maintenance antipsychotic drug treatment and psychosocial treatment including psychoeducational program are highly predictive of social rehabilitation and reduction of subsequent relapse. Two groups of patients with refractory chronic schizophrenia were preliminarily compared to determine the effect of a psychosocial treatment program on the quality of life in refractory chronic schizophrenics in an open comparative trial. Methods : One group(N=11) was assigned to approximately six months of the psychosocial treatment program(including psychoeducation program and activity program such as interpersonal relationship program, social skill training, self management program, outings, etc), in a group format, twice a week and a fixed maintenance dosage of clozapine ; while scale(QLS) was used to provide an objective measure of changes in patient's psychosocial functioning and a general assessment of psychopathology was made using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale(BPRS). Results : Both BPRS total positive score and the QLS total score, especially in the intrapsychic foundation factor of the scale showed a statistically significant improvement in the psychosocial treatment group. But there was no significant change in both BPRS and QLS scores over a 6-month period in the non-psychosocial treatment group. A significant negative correlation was found between the negative symptom and changes of QLS total, instrumental role and common object and activities scores respectively after receiving a 6-month of the psychosocial treatment program. Conclusion : These results suggest that a psychosocial treatment program including the integration of psychoeducation and a skill training oriented activity program serve as an outpatient treatment modality to improve the quality of the life in refractory chronic schizophrenia. To further clarify the effect of psychosocial treatment in chronic schizophrenia, a randomized trial should be done.

개선된 텍스쳐 정보를 이용한 갑작스러운 조명 변화에 강인한 이동 물체 탐지

오요한(Yoe Han O),장형진(Hyung Jin Chang),김수완(Soo Wan Kim),최진영(Jin Young Choi) 대한전기학회 2008 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

Moving object detection is a fundamental technique in visual surveillance. Robust technique to enhance performance of moving object detection is required for several bad conditions in real external circumtance. In case of sudden illumination change in outdoor condition. many objects are determined as moving object though they are not really moving, but just their illumination changes. This makes the detection result untrustworthy. In this paper, robust moving object detecton to sudden illumination change using gaussian mixture background model and new texture information using background from the weighted sum of recent images is proposed.

한국인 담석증에 대한 임상적 고찰

김광하(Gwang Ha Kim),옥창민(Chang Min Ok),김병진(Byung Jin Kim),주형준(Hyung Jun Joo),송철수(Chul Soo Song),송근암(Guen Am Song),조몽(Mong Cho),양웅석(Ung Suk Yang) 대한소화기학회 1997 대한소화기학회지 Vol.29 No.3

N/A Background/Aitns: It has been reported frequently that clinical features of gallstone diseases in Koreans were different from those of Occidentals. These differences were thought to be due to inherent racial difference and acquired living habits. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the pattern of gallstone disease changes or not in Korea. Methods: We analyzed 5,488 cases of gallstone diseases which were reported in Korea frorn 1966 to 1994. We divided the period into 6 groups: the first period was 1,000 cases reported from 1966 to 1970, the second was 331 cases from 1971 to 1975, the third was 1,000 cases from 1976 to 1980, the fourth was 1,957 cases from 1981 to 1985, the fifth was 1,000 cases from 1986 to 1990, and the sixth was 200 cases from 1991 to 1993. Results: The age group of highest incidence was the fifth and sixth decade. The incidence below the third decade showed a decreasing tendency. In contrast, the incidence above sixth decade showed an increasing tendency. The male to female ratio was 1:1.25 to 1:1.71 and had no periological change. The duration of illness of highest frequency was below 6 months. In the case of duration above 5 years these was a decreasing tendency. The major complaints of biliary stone were right upper quadrant pain and tenderness. Nausea, vomiting, jaundice, and radiating pain showed a decreasing tendency. The major laboratory findings were leukocytosis, elevated SGOT and SGPT, elevated alkaline phosphatase, hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia. Of these, only hypoalbuminernia had a decreasing tendency. By the second period, the main diagnostic procedures were oral cholecystogram and intravenous cholecysto- graphy. From the fourth period, ultrasonography, ERCP, CT and PTC were been used comrnonly. For the location of gallstone, the gallbladder stone revealed the only increasing tendency, the common bile duct stone had a decreasing tendency, and the intrahepatic duct stone had no periological change. From 1980, the cholesterol stone became the main composition of gallstones. But, there was no periological change between early and late 1980s. Positive bacterial culture rate was 57.0% and the most common microorganism was E. coli. Klebsiella and Enterobacter. Pseudomonas showed an increasing tendency. Of the diseases associated with gallstone, only diabetes had an increasing tendency. The frequency of residual stone had an increasing tendency. Conclusions: The age of peak incidence of gallstone diseases was the fifth and sixth decades and there was a little predominance in females. From 1980, the cholesterol stone becarne the main composition of gallstones. For the location of gallstone, the gallbladder stone showed an increasing tendency and the common bile duct stone revealed a decreasing tendency. These suggested clinical features of gallstone diseases in Koreans are somewhat similar to those of Occidentals. (Korean J Gastroenterol 1997;29:352 - 361)

주의력 결핍 과잉행동장애 아동의 평가를 위한 정지신호 과제의 적용

시현석,이종범,박형배,사공정규,송창진,배진우 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.1

연구목적 및 방법 : ADHD환아에 있어 뇌의 전두엽의 기능인 실행기능 중 특히 억제기능을 가장 잘 측정하는 것으로 알려진 정지신호과제를 사용하여 실제로 정지신호를 ADHD환아에게 적용하였을 때 정상 아동과 비교하였을 때 ADHD의 전두엽의 실행기능 중 억제 기능의 이상을 실질적으로 반영하는 검사인지, 증상의 정도와 수행결과는 어떤 연관성을 보이는지, 현재 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 연속수행 검사와는 어떤 차이를 보이는지, 과잉행동의 유무와 수행의 연관성은 어떠한지 그리고 부가적으로 정지신호과제의 ADHD진단에 있어서의 판별력은 어느 정도인지를 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 전두엽의 기능을 반영하는지와 임상에서의 유용성을 알아보기 위해 ADHD군 40명과 대조군 18명을 대상으로 연구하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결 과 : 대조군과 ADHD군의 비교에서는 정지신호과제의 수행 성적은 상대적 종결속도의 Z점수(ZRFT)와 블록당 평균 지연시간(mean delay×block), 그리고 일차 반응시간(primary-RT)에 있어서 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05), ADHD군과 대조군의 연속수행검사(CPT)의 수행에 있어 유의한 차이가 나는 변인은 없었다. 또한 두 검사간의 상관성에 있어서는 정지신호반응시간(SSRT)와 CPT의 정반응시간이 그리고 primary-RT와 일차반응시간의 표준 편차(primary-SD)가 CPT의 민감도와 정반응시간과 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 정지신호과제 수행과 한국형 주의력결핍 장애 평가 척도 - 가정판(ADDES-HV)과의 상관도에서는 유의한 상관성을 나타낸 것은 없었다. 나이와 지능에 따른 정지신호과제의 경향분석에서 유의하게 경향성을 나타낸 것은 지에 따른 차이에서는 primary-SD였으며 나이에 따른 차이에서는 SSRT였다(p<0.05). 여기에서 지능과 primary-SD와의 관계는 지능이 증가함에 따라 감소하다 어느 정도에서 더 이상 감소하지 않았으며, 나이와 정지신호반응시간과의 관계는 나이가 증가함에 따라 반응시간이 짧아지다가 어느 정도에서 더 이상 감소하지 않는 추세를 보였다. 정지신호과제의 판별력 검증에서 mean delay×block과 primary-RT가 가장 높은 판별력(각각 75%)을 나타냈으며 그 외 억제율(P-inhibit)은 63.89%, SSRT는 58%, ZRFT는 67%, primary-SD는 58%의 판별력을 보였다. ADDH 환아를 대상으로 과잉행동이 있는 군과 없는 군으로 나누어 수행의 정도를 비교하였다. 여기에서는 두 군 사이에 유의한 차이가 있는 변인은 없었다. 결 론 : 이러한 결과로 볼 때 정지신호과제가 국내에서 사용된다면 향후 임상에서의 ADHD의 선별검사로서 뿐만 아니라 연구에 있어서도 기여하는 바가 크다고 생각된다. Objectives and Methods : The purpose of this study was to examine availabilities of stop-signal task as a screening test for ADHD and as a research tool. Stop-signal task was applied to 40 ADHD patients and 18 normal children. Followings are the results of this study. Results : There were significant differences between ADHD group and control group in ZRFT, mean delay×block and primary-RT of stop-signal task performance(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in results of continuous performance test. SSRT of stop-signal task had significant correlation with hit reaction time of continuous performance test, and primary-RT and primary-SD with attentiveness and hit reaction time of continuous performance test. There was no significant correlation between scores of ADDES-HV and stop-signal task performance. In change of primary-SD according to intelligence, primary-SD decreased as intelligence increased but made plateau after IQ 110, and in change of SSRT according to age, SSRT decreased as intelligence increased but made plateau after 10 year-old. In discriminant ability, mean delay×block and primary-RT showed highest discriminant ability(each 75%). In addition P-inhibit showed 63.89%, SSRT showed 58%, ZRFT showed 67%, and primary-SD showed 58% in discriminant ability. There was no significant difference in stop-signal task performance between ADHD with hyperactivity and ADHD without hyperactivity. Conclusions : In this point of view, stop-signal task was proved to be useful research tool for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as well as useful screening test tool.

파킨슨씨병 환자에서 편측 담창구파괴술의 효과

조우진,이경진,지철,박성찬,박해관,조정기,조경근,나형균,강준기,최창락,Cho, Woo Jin,Lee, Kyung Jin,Ji, Cheul,Park, Sung Chan,Park, Hea Kwan,Jo, Jung Ki,Cho, Kyung Keun,Rha, Hyung Kyun,Kang, Joon Ki,Choi, Chang Rak 대한신경외과학회 2001 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.30 No.8

Objectives : For Parkinsonian patients who had not reacted favorably on drug therapy are good candidate for ventroposterolateral pallidotomy, although not curative. We studied these patients after unilateral pallidotomy, to confirm the effectiveness and safety of this procedure. Methods : We evaluated the 17 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's diesease who had undergone unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy. All patients responded to levodopa initially. Mean age was 55 years(38-75years), and mean duration of disease was 9.8 years(3-20years). Pre-and postoperative evaluation at 3 month intervals included Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating scale(UPDRS) scoring, Hoehn and Yahr(H & Y) staging, and neuropsychological examinations. Results : Pallidotomy significantly improved parkinsonian symptom(tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, dyskinesia, sensory symptom). Nine of 10 patients who showed dyskinesia preoperatively significant improvement. The mean dose of levodopa in 9 patients was lowered. The mean H & Y score and UPDRS score were improved in on and/or off time in 15 patients. Among patients who were not improved, one patient worsened, and the others showed no change. The mean overall UPDRS off score changed from 76 preoperatively to 44(33%) at 6 months and from 70 to 52(25%) at 1 year. Transient surgical morbidity was showen in four patients and included dysarthria, hypotonia and confusion. Conclusion : We conclude that pallidotomy is safe and effective in patients who have levodopa-reponsive parkinsonism with severe symptom fluctuation. Unilateral pallidotomy also considered helpful to ipsilateral symptom. Unilateral pallidotomy can improve all of parkinsonian's symptom and allow to reduce the levodopa medication. Most of patients show satisfactory results.