2014년 영천시의 한 물놀이장에서 유행한 피부 질환 역학조사

박지혁 ( Ji Hyuk Park ),임현술 ( Hyun Sul Lim ),이관 ( Kwan Lee ),하경임 ( Gyoung Yim Ha ),정태선 ( Taesun Jeong ) 대한보건협회 2015 대한보건연구 Vol.41 No.2

Objective: An outbreak of skin rash illness was reported from people who had been to a water park located in Yeongcheon-si. Epidemiologic investigation was performed to elucidate the cause of this outbreak and to prevent a recurrence. Methods: Medical records of clinics and hospitals in Yeongcheon-si were reviewed to find cases of skin rash illness. The manager of the water park was interviewed, and the collected water samples were analyzed and tested for bacterial culture. Results: Seventy-one cases, consisted of 42 men (59.2%) and 29 women (40.8%), were experienced skin rash illness. Most of the cases (98.6%) were children under 20 years and all cases went to the water park. A swimming pool for adults used underground and lake water, and residual chlorine was not detected. The water samples were positive for various bacteria, including Aeromonas sobria and Pseudomonas putida. Conclusion: This outbreak was linked to the contaminated water of swimming pools. The water park was reopened after appropriate chlorine disinfection, and another outbreak was not reported until late 2014. Chlorine disinfection of water in swimming pools should be conducted, and enhanced chlorine monitoring is needed.

프로야구 관중의 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 관여도, 충성도, 재관람 의도 및 타인 추천의도 차이

박세혁(Se-Hyuk Park) 한국스포츠산업경영학회 2003 한국스포츠산업경영학회지 Vol.8 No.2

본 연구는 프로야구 관람자의 인구학적 특성에 따른 충성도, 관여도, 재구매 의도, 타인 추천의도를 분석하여 마케팅전략 수립의 기초자료를 제공하는데 목적을 두었다. 본 연구는 서울 잠실야구장에서 열리는 두산의 홈경기 관중을 대상으로 2003년 5월 두 차례에 걸쳐 비확률표본추출법 중 편의표집방법 (Convenience sampling method)을 이용하여 수행되었다. 경기 시작전과 5회가 끝나고 갖는 Cleaning Time에 설문지를 배포한 후 자기평가기입법 (Self-administration method)으로 작성케 하였으며, 응답이 불성실하다고 판단된 237명의 자료를 제외한 총 1050명 (82%)의 자료로 분석을 실시하였다. 분석을 위해 사용된 조사도구는 참여스포츠 소비자를 대상으로 사용한 Park (2001)의 관여도와 Park과 Kim (2000)의 충성도 설문지로써, 본 연구의 목적에 맞도록 재구성하였다. 관여도와 충성도의 구인타당도 (Construct validity)를 검증하기 위한 요인분석은 각각 3개의 요인 모두 고유치가 1.0 이상이며, 전체 변량의 59.1%와 54.2%를 각각 설명하였다. 설문지의 신뢰도는 Cronbach's α방법을 이용하여 검증되었으며, 하위요인별로 만족스런 신뢰도 계수를 보여주었다 (충성도는 757~.825, 관여도는 .762~.819). 연구결과에 따르면, 성, 연령, 학력수준, 여가비용 지출 능력에 따라 프로야구 관람자들의 관여도 충성도, 재구매 의도, 타인 추천의도가 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 즉, 프로야구 관람자들의 관여도, 충성도, 재관람 의도 및 타인 추천의도는 성, 수입, 교육수준, 여가비용 등의 특성에 따라 예측될 수 있음을 의미한다. 프로야구 구단은 관람자들의 인구통계학적 특성뿐 아니라 심리적 특성을 고려하여 시장을 세분화하고 차별화 된 마케팅전략을 세워야 할 것이다. The sport spectator makes an important contribution to the success of most sporting events primarily through financial support. A necessary step in marketing professional baseball is to identify variables that affect game attendance. Spectator behavior in attending a sporting event has been primarily investigated from product quality perspective with game attendance level variables. However, information about the relationship between psychological factors such as involvement and socio-demographic variables at professional baseball games is limited. The purpose of this study was to assess spectators' involvement, loyalty, intention to repurchasing, and intention to recommendation according to socio-demographic factors at professional baseball games. The present study is one of the first efforts to corroborate the idea that loyalty and involvement constructs should be viewed multidimensionally at professional sporting events. Subjects (N=1050) were spectators selected from two season home games of Doosan Bears by using the convenience sampling technique. A questionnaire was passed out to spectators before and during game intermissions. A series of t-test and ANOVA revealed that spectators' involvement, loyalty, intention to repurchasing, and intention to recommendation are significantly different based on educational level, age, gender, and discretionary money. The current study demonstrates that a professional baseball team should consider spectators' involvement, loyalty, intention to repurchasing, and intention to recommendation as well as socio-demographic backgrounds of spectators in formulating and implementing marketing strategies. The data were recorded and analyzed using the SPSS 10.0 statistical computer package. Results are discussed in detail, and implications for practice and for future research are suggested.

보호지역 경계조정을 위한 공간의사결정지원모델 연구 -지리산 국립공원을 사례로-

성혜정 ( Hye Jung Sung ),권혁수 ( Hyuk Soo Kwon ),서창완 ( Chang Wan Seo ),박종화 ( Chong Hwa Park ) 한국환경복원기술학회 2011 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.14 No.3

The purpose of this study are to develop a SDSS (Spatial Decision Support System) that can incorporate diverse opinions of stakeholders related the designation of protected areas (PA), and to employ the model for the readjustment of the boundary line of the Jirisan National Park of Korea. The SDSS would lead to more rational and less controversial decision-making during the expansion or removal of PA in Korea. Research methods are as follows. Firstly, to select evaluation criteria for SDSS for PA designation by using expert interview and literature survey. Secondly, to measure their preferences on the designation of additional PA or the removal of a part of PA based on the opinions of various stakeholders such as local residents, environmental groups, or public officials. Thirdly, to produce conservation priority maps based on a multi-criteria decision making technique. The SDSS would be used to rational decision making for the expansion of PA or the release of a certain part of PA by reflecting diverse preferences on biodiversity conservation and economic interest of residents. The visualization of conservation priority maps would also increase the efficiency of such decision making processes. The evaluation criteria for the expansion of PA for biodiversity conservation includes vegetation conservation value, wildlife conservation value, and the habitats of key species. The evaluation criteria for the removal of PA includes the proximity to roads and the boundary of PA, land use types, and conservation zoning of the PA. Preference weights are based on data collected from the Jirisan National Park. Both the conservation priority and removal priority maps are based on land parcels so that property rights of all parcels would be correctly represented.

외부 프리스트레스 도입에 의한 노후된 콘크리트 거더교의 보강성능평가

박승범,홍석주,이봉춘,장석호,권혁준 충남대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.15 No.1

One of the promising methods to enhance the flexural strength of a externally prestressed girder is to place the tendons with large eccentricities. The analysis and design of composite girders prestressed by external tendons involve difficulties related mainly to the position of anchorages and the construction sequences. This study was conducted on the concrete bridges reinforced by the continuous girders and the external prestressing. The test results in this study showed that the external prestressing of a composite girder increased the range of the elastic behavior, reduced deflections, increased ultimate strength, and added to the redundancy by providing the multiple stress paths.

Pro is Still Case-Ungoverned

Park, Sung-Hyuk 서울대학교 어학연구소 1990 語學硏究 Vol.26 No.2

Ths main purpose of this squib is to show that unlike Lasnik and Uriagereka's (1988) claim, the Case-theoretic approach to the distribution of PRO in English can substantially broaden its empirical coverage if we adopt Park's (1988a) proposal that Chomsky's (1981) PRO-theorem be recast as the PRO-condition, which states that PRO must be Case-ungoverned (or PRO may not be Case-governed). In order to make the PRO-condition work properly, we invoke the Case theory of Chomsky (1986a), where case-marking consists of two separate steps: Case-assignment and Case-realization. We also propose with respect to the Case theory that the adjacency condition on Case-assignment of Stowell (1981) be reinterpreted as a condition for Case-realization. In addition, the Case-absorbing properties of passive morphology will be redressed as the properties that absorb the Case-realizing ability of its host verb.

원광의대 부속 제 2병원 신경정신과 환자에 대한 통계적 고찰

박민철,김종주,박남진,오상우,권혁일,권영숙,박종호 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1986 圓光醫科學 Vol.2 No.2

We examined 1,856 patients who visited Won Kwang Neuropsychiatric hospital since July 11 of 1984(since the hospital opened) until June 11 of 1986. We researched diagnostic and other distributions of inpatients and outpatients. The study revealed as follows : 1. Of total patients males visited this hospital more than females as 52.7%. Most of them(67.1 %) resided in Iri, Iksan and Kimje. In the point of insurance, insured patients and uninsured patients except medicaids were 73 %. Males(60%) were more insured medically than females (55.4%). While insured patients relatively resided in urban area, but uninsured patients except medicaids did in rural area. 2. Of outpatients neurotic disorder was the most as 35.1%, secondly schizophrenic disorder and thirdly affective disorder, but of inpatients schizophrenic disorder was the most as 41.4%, secondly neurotic disorder thirdly affective disorder. 3. Alcohol abuse (98.2 %), paranoid disorder, convulsive disorder and child mental disorder were mostly found in males, but neurotic disorder (59 .6 %), affective disorder and other psychotic disorder were mostly found in females. 4. In unmarried ones schizophrenic disorder ( 43 .6 %), neurotic disorder, other psychotic disorder were common, but in married ones neurotic disorder (55.1 %), schizophrenic disorder, affective disorder were common. 5. On the distribution of age schizophrenic disorder was found the most in the twenties (28.4 %), next in the thirties and in the forties, but neurotic disorder was found the most in the thirties, next in the twenties and in the forties. 6. On the distribution of age at onset schizophrenic disorder develops mostly during the twenties (45.5 %), secondly during the teens and thirdly during the thirties, but neurotic disorder develops mostly during the thirties and the twenties (53.1 %). 7. On the duration of hospitalization 34.4% of the patients was hospitalized during less than 15 days, 22.0% during 60-90 days and 80.4% during less than 3 months. 8. In the result of treatment 41.2% of the patients was improved and 31.7% a little improved. In total 72.9% of the patients got helped therapeutically.

국내 살모넬라 분리주에서 spvR 유전자 분포와 단일 뉴클레오티드 다형 연구

권혁준,박경윤,박주연,박용호,김선중,유한상 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.6

목적 : 지금까지 병원성 살모넬라를 확인하기 위해 분자량이 큰 플라스미드의 존재 유무를 확인하여 왔으나 살모넬라 혈청형 및 검출 방법에 따라 양성율에 큰 차이를 보이고 있고, 일부 병원성 살모넬라 분리주에서 병원성 플라스미드가 관찰되지 않아 spv 유전자들의 유무에 대한 아른 확인방법이 필요하다. 본 실험은 국내 동물 유래 주요 살모넬라 혈청형에서 spvR 유전자의 분포를 알아보고, 병원성 살모넬라 분자진단을 위한 분자표지로써의 가치를 평가하기 위해 실행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 국내 가축 유래 S. lyphimurium (ST, 26주), S. enteritidis (SE, 10주), S. pullorum (SP, 40주), S. gallinarum (SG, 53주)에 대해 GenBank에 등록된 ST, SE, SP의 spvR 유전자를 비교하여 ST와 SE 간에 차이를 보이는 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, 625번 뉴클레오티드)을 포함하도록 시발자를 합성하여 집락-PCR을 수행하였다. 증폭 산물(194bp)은 자동 염기서열장치를 이용하여 염기서열을 결정하였고, 제한효소인 MseI을 사용하여 PCR-RFLP를 실시하였다. 결과 : 집락-중합효소연쇄반응 결과 SP, SG, SE의 모든 (100%) 분리주에서 특이 증폭산물이 검출되었으나 ST의 경우 19주(73%)에서만 증폭되었다. 특히 병원성 관련 플라스미드가 관찰되지 않았던 SP 4주에서 특이적인 증폭산물이 검출되었다. 염기서열 분석결과 SE, SG, SP는 625번 뉴클레오티드에 아데닌을, ST는 구아닌을 가지고 있어 PCR-RFLP를 이용하여 쉽게 구분할 수 있었다. 결 론 : spvR에 대한 집락-중합효소연쇄 반응법은 병원성 플라스미드 검출법보다 SE, SP, SG 병원성 주를 신속하게 검출하는데 유용하고, 625번 뉴클레오티드의 SNP는 ST와 SE, SG, SP를 구분하는 분자표지로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되며, ST에 비해 SE는 진화적으로 SG와 SP에 가까운 것으로 생각되었다. Background : The Salmonella virulence plasmid (spv) genes (spvR, A, B, C and D) on the large virulence plasmids of pathogenic Salmonella serotypes can replace the virulence of the whole plasmid. Recently, virulence plasmid-negative pathogenic Salmonella isolates were isolated. However, positive rates of spv genes among Korean Salmonella serotypes have been obscure. spv genes are conserved in compared to other virulence genes but there are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) conserved in only certain serotype. Such SNPs are useful for differentiation and understanding evolution of certain serotypes. Materials and Methods : Salmonella serotypes isolated from live stocks [Salmonella typhimurium (ST, 26), S. enteritidis (SE, 10), S. gallinarum (SG, 40) and S. pullorum (SP, 53)] were used for colony-PCR. A primer set covering single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at 625th nucleotide of spvR was designed. The nucleotide sequences of amplicons were determined by cyclic sequencing method and RFLP was performed by using MseI. Results : All isolates of SE, SG and SP, including four plasmid-negative isolates, showed specific amplicons but not all of ST (19/26, 73%) were positive to spvR. Based on the nucleotide sequence of 625th nucleotide and PCR-RFLP, SE, SG and SP [A(625)] and ST [G(625)] could be differentiated. Conclusion : spvR can be used as a molecular marker to detect virulent SE, SG, SP and the SNP may be useful for differentiation of SE, SG, SP and ST. According to the SNP study SE may be evolutionarily closer to SG and SP than ST.

금인레이의 치은변연적합도에 관한 주사전자 현미경적 연구

권혁춘,박준일 大韓齒科保存學會 1991 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.16 No.2

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE JUNCTION BETWEEN GOLD INLAYS AND GINGIVAL CAVOSURFACE MARGINS Joon-II Park, D.D.S., M.S.D., Hyuk-Choon Kown, D.D.S., Ph.D. Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University Present-day inlay casting procedures have been developed for more than 100 years and experimentation has focused on the perfect adaptation to the cavity preparation. Marginal adaptation is considered to be an important indicator of the acceptability of the cast restotration, especially on the gingival margin. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a dissecting microscope and burnishing on vertical discrepancies, horizontal discrepancies, and cement thicknesson master die. Extracted premolars were prepared for class Ⅱ gold inlays and master dies were made with conventional techniques. The experiments consisted of 4 groups. Group 1 : unaided eye, no burnishing on master die. Group 2 : unaided eye, burnishing on master die. Group 3 : microscope, no burnishing on master die. Group 4 : microscope, burnishing on master die. Cemented inlays were embedded in the hard resin and sectioned with microcutter through the gingival margins. The sectioned surfaces were polished with emery paper and finally with aluminum oxide powders. The results of the experiments were measured for vertical discrepancies, horizontal discrepancied and cement thickness under the scanning electron microscpe at the beveled gingival margin. The results of the study were summarized as follows. 1. Group 1 showed the vertical discrepancies of 81.6 ㎛ (±48.6㎛), horizontal discrepancies of 60.1㎛(±41.1㎛), and cement thickness of 59.6㎛(±24.6㎛). 2. Group 2 showed the vertical discrepancies of 78.6 ㎛ (±30.9㎛), horizontal discrepancies of 36.9㎛(±20.7㎛), and cement thickness of 54.0㎛(±21.6㎛). 3. Group 3 showed the vertical discrepancies of 57.5 ㎛ (±26.4㎛), horizontal discrepancies of 28.4㎛(±17.5㎛), and cement thickness of 37.2㎛(±17.4㎛). 4. Group 4 showed the vertical discrepancies of 56.7 ㎛ (±35.0㎛), horizontal discrepancies of 31.8㎛(±24.2㎛), and cement thickness of 45.6㎛(±19.8㎛). 5. Vertical discrepancies were not significantly different at any groups(p>.050). 6. Microscope groups(Group 3,4) showed significantly improved horizontal marginal adaptation (p<.050). 7. Although cement thickness showed the subset of Group 3, 4, 2 and Group 4, 2, 1, Group 3 showed significantly smaller thickness than Group 1 (p<.050). 8. finishing and polishing by means of a microscope produced significantly smaller discrepancies than doing so with the unaided eye (p<.050).

비·부비동 종양의 신생혈관 형성에서 COX-2 및 VEGF의 역할

도남용,박성용,조성일,윤혁수,박선홍,박영균,권대승,임성철 조선대학교 2003 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.28 No.1

Background and Objectives : COX-2, the inducible form of cyclooxygenase(COX), is upregulated in transformed cells and in malignant cells, which have important roles in promotion of colorectal carcinogenesis, invasiveness and angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) may act as endothelial cell mitogen in various cancer tissues. It will increase tumor growth and angiogenesis. Aims of this study were to asses COX-2/VEGF expression and it's clinical correlation in sinonasal tumors and to investigate the effects on angiogenesis also. Materials and Method : The study samples were obtained from surgical removal of 27 cases of inverted papilloma(IPs), 5 cases of IP with malignant transformation(IP-MT), 16 cases of Squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) in sinonasal cavity COX-2 and VEGF expressions were assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Synchronism of COX-2/VEGF expression in one tumor cell was demonstrated with double immunofluorescence technique. Results : The expression rates of COX-2 were 37% in IP, 80% in IP-MT and 100% in SCC. The positive rates of VEGF were 29 6% in IP, 100% in IP-MT and SCC. COX-2 and VEGF expressions were increased as tumor progressed, and there is a positive correlation between COX-2 &EGF expressions. All clinical features which were compared are not associated with COX-2 &EGF expressions except malignant change in IP(p=0 028). Synchronism of COX-2/VEGF expressions was noted in all positive immunostaining samples. Conclusion : These findings suggest the role of COX-2 pathway could be involved in sinonasal tumor angiogenesis, which is modulated by VEGF COX-2 may act as autocrine factor in VEGF expression. There is a potential role for selective COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of these lesions.

제2종의 중심합성계획의 통계적 성질

김혁주,박성현,Kim Hyuk-Joo,Park Sung-Hyun 한국통계학회 2006 응용통계연구 Vol.19 No.2

Kim(2002)은 축점의 위치가 두 개의 수에 의하여 정해지는 제2종의 중심합성계획을 제시하고 이를 CCD2라 불렀다. 본 논문에서는 CCD2를 더욱 연구하여 몇 가지의 새로운 사실을 밝혔다. 직교성과 회전성, 직교성과 기울기회전성, 회전성과 균등정밀성을 동시에 갖는 CCD2들을 구하였으며, Park과 Kim(1992)이 제시한 기울기회전성의 측도를 이러한 CCD2들에 적용하여 그 결과를 관찰하였다. Kim(2002) proposed a second type of central composite design in which the positionsof the axial points are indicated by two numbers, and called it CCD2. In the present paper, we have studied CCD2 further and obtained several new facts. We have obtained CCD2's that have both orthogonality and rotatability, both orthogonality and slope rotatability, and both rotatability and uniform precision. We also have applied Park and Kim's (1992) measure of slope rotatability to such CCD2's and observed some useful results.