국내·외 누설률에 관한 기준 분석을 통한 국내 연기제어 기준 개선에 관한 연구

김혜원 ( Kim Hye-won ),한지우 ( Han Ji-woo ),이병흔 ( Lee Byeong-heun ),진승현 ( Jin Seung-hyeon ),권영진 ( Kwon Young-jin ) 한국건축시공학회 2018 한국건축시공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.18 No.2

On this Study, it conducts the Standards investigation about air leakage of Buildings for performance improvement of Smoke control in Fire. In domestic standards, it is incomplete the Criteria standards of air leakage. Therefore it is considered that won’t limit the smoke spread due to stack effect. But in the case of the United States, it conducts the Hot smoke air-Leakage test and it consider that can prevent the Smoke Spread in Compartment.

중등 컴퓨터과학교육을 위한 객체지향형 EPL '두리틀'의 적용 및 평가

권대용,길혜민,염용철,유승욱,進兼宗,靖久野,이원규 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2004 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.7 No.6

제 7차 컴퓨터교과 교육과정은 소프트웨어 활용 부분에 치중되어 컴퓨터과학에 관한 원리교육이 이루어지지 못하고 있다. 한편, ACM K-12 컴퓨터과학 교육과정 모델에 관한 보고서에서는 현재의 컴퓨터교육이 그릇된 방향이며 컴퓨터과학 중심의 컴퓨터교육을 위해서 프로그래밍언어 교육을 통한 원리교육의 중요성을 강조하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 프로그래밍 체험학습을 위한 객체지향 기반의 새로운 교육용프로그래밍언어인 두리틀(Dolittle)을 소개한다. 두리틀은 간결한 구문과 한국어와의 대응성, 인크리멘탈 방식의 프로그래밍, 수치, 문자열, 배열과 같은 알고리즘과 구조화, 텍스트 위주의 프로그래밍 등의 설계방침을 적용한 언어이다. 중학생을 대상으로 실제 수업에 적용해 보고 학습효과를 분석한 결과, 객체지향기반이지만 클래스나 상속 등의 개념을 모르고도 활용 가능한 교육용프로그래밍언어라는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 객체와 메소드 활용을 통하여 프로그래밍 결과를 쉽게 확인할 수 있고 오류 수정이 용이하므로, 학생들의 높은 흥미도를 유지하면서 학업성취도를 향상시키고 차후 학습으로의 연계가 수월하였다. Current computer education is difficult to educate basic concepts and principals of the computer science because the 7th curriculum of computer education is focused on the application of software. According to the ACM K-12 report about the computer science education model, current computer education is taking the wrong way and we should put the highly priority on the education of the fundamentals through programming languages for a better computer education oriented to the computer science. This paper introduces a new object-oriented educational programming language "Dolittle'". The design principals of Dolittle are simple syntax of Korean, incremental programming, text based programming, aliasing of function, and object-oriented programming. Being applied to middle school classes, we can confirm that Dolittle is easy to learn, and gives rise to high interest and keeps interest through a course,and also is of great practical use in class for programming novice.

여학생 동복 하의 착용시의 생리반응과 주관적 착용감

권수애,오미경,강미영,송혜원,박진채,권리현 충북대학교 교육 ·생활연구소 생활과학연구센터 2002 생활과학연구논총 Vol.5 No.-

In this study, physiological responses and subjective sensations were investigated depending on various high school girls' lower cloth uniform in winter. Four healthy young women were selected, and they wore same underwear and jacket. The types of lower cloth were tight skirt+stocking, flared skirt+stocking, tight skirt+legings+socks, flared skirt+legings+socks, and slacks+socks. The results were as follows: 1) The effect of the type of lower cloth in winter on the skin temperature, humidity inside clothing and subjective sensations were significant. 2) It is desirable for high school girls to wear slacks in winter, Since physiological responses and subjective sensations of slacks are superior to those of skirts. 3) It is desirable for high school girls to wear flared skirt, legings, socks in winter, Since insulation and subjective sensations of flared skirts are superior to those of tight skirts.

Ni-Ti矯正用線材의 超彈性에 관한 硏究

權五源,徐惠敬,李基大 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1987 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.4 No.1

According to the development of the techniques for tooth movement, the research on the orthodontic wires has advanced and the Ni-Ti wire is highlighted these days. The Superelasticity of Ni-Ti wires was studied in tension. The wires were tested by universal testing machine. The elastic modulus was 20×10 exp (3)kg/㎟ in Cr-Ni wires, 21∼25×10(3)kg/㎟ in Co-Cr wires and 5∼6×10 exp (3)kg/㎟ in Ni-Ti wires. The elastic modulus of Ni-Ti wires was opproximately 1/4 of Cr-Ni wires and Co-Cr wires, and the elastic limit of Ni-Ti wires was approximately 4 times of Cr-Ni wires and Co-Cr wires. The permanent strain was approximately 0.5% in stress-strain curve of Ni-Ti wires.

혈액투석환자 배우자의 스트레스와 대응에 관한 연구

원삼순,권혜진 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1992 中央醫大誌 Vol.17 No.4

This descriptive study designed to identify stress factors and level and helpful coping methods of hemodialysis patient's spouse. Data were collected from 60 subjects who were spouses of hemodialysis patient of conveniently selected 4 Hemodialysis Units in the city of Seoul. The Collection of data it was carried out by the researcher from the 7th of Octobor to 20th of October, 1992. Two instruments were used to collect the data ; 1. Stress questionaire was developed by researcher which was combined review of literature and the result of interviewer, consisted 30 stress factor items and measured by five point Likert scale. The items were categorized physical, psychological and socioeconomic area. 2. Helpful coping questionaire developed by investigator through literature review and result of interviewer, included 50 items and measured by five point Likert scale. Helpful coping items were classified into two categories, the problem oriented and the affective oriented. Data was analyzed by S.A.S. computer porgram using percentile, means and standard deviation, t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of this study are summerized as follows 1. The spouses of hemodialysis patient were found to be stressful in general and the items with high stress were "To be treated indefinite period of time", "Uneasiness of trevel", "To be say with their spouse who suffer pain", "To ingest medication continuously", "Financial burden", "No treatment except kidney transplantation", "Anxious about disease transmission due to transfusion" and the highest stress category was physical. 2. The spouses of hemodialysis patient were shown to be helpful by the coping methods and the most helpful coping items "To accept as a fate" and "Self condolence comparing others who were in a more serious rather than thier sitution" and the higher helpful coping method was affective oriented. 3. The result of the analysis of the relationship between scores of stress categories and general characteristics was as follows : Spouse's sex, house shape, and occupational status before the patient got illness showed a statistically significant difference in score of stress categories(P<0.05) 4. The result of the analysis of the relationship of the relationship between helpful coping methods and general characteristics was as follows : The number of family, the state of medical insurrance, spouse's disease, the number of hemodialysis, and having or not having complication related with hemodialysis showed a statistically significant differance in helpful coping methods(P<0.05) 5. There was significant differance among stress categories and coping methods.(P<0.01)

3D CT를 이용한 파노라마 방사선 사진상 상악 매복 견치 위치 정보의 유용성 평가

김혜정,박효상,권오원 대한치과교정학회 2008 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.38 No.4

3D CT를 이용하여 파노라마에서 얻어진 상악 매복 견치 위치 정보의 유용성을 평가하기 위해, 상악 견치 매복을 주소로 경북대학교병원에 내원한 환자를 대상으로 파노라마 방사선 사진과 3D CT에서의 매복 견치의 위치를 평가하였다. 대상은 25명(남자 7명, 여자 18명)으로 평균 나이는 10.9세(범위 : 8.2 - 15.7세)이며, 35개의 상악 매복 견치 증례를 분석하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 파노라마 방사선 사진은 확대되어 촬영되므로 3D CT의 계측치보다 상악 견치의 tooth length, crown width, vertical distance 그리고 lateral shift값에서 큰 값을 가졌다. 단, angulation to occlusal plane은 파노라마에서 더 작은 값으로 계측되었다. 둘째, 파노라마 방사선 사진상 상악 견치가 구개측으로 매복된 경우, angulation to occlusal plane은 3D CT보다 작게 측정되고 vertical distance는 더 크게 측정되었다. 셋째, 파노라마 방사선 사진에서 상악 매복 견치의 tooth length, crown width 그리고 순측으로 매복된 경우 상악 견치의 angulation to occlusal plane은 3D CT와 근접된 계측치를 가졌다. 또한 CT와 비교하였을 때, 치근 흡수 정도 평가에 대한 파노라마 방사선 사진의 감수성은 33.3%인 것으로 측정되었다. 파노라마 방사선 사진은 협측 매복견치의 위치는 실제와 유사하다고 생각되나 구개측 매복의 경우 3D CT보다 더 높게, 각도는 더 작게 나타나는 등 상당한 차이가 있어 CT를 이용한 추가적인 검사가 필요하다고 생각된다. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potency of panoramic radiography for the detection of maxillary impacted canines. Methods: Twenty-five patients were selected, comprised of 7 males (mean age: 10.9 years, range: 8.5 - 14.5 years) and 18 females (mean age: 10.9 years, range: 8.2 - 15.7 years). In total, thirty-five maxillary impacted canines were estimated. The position of the canine and root resorption of adjacent teeth were evaluated on panoramic radiography and 3D CT. Results: Except for angulation to the occlusal plane, the other parameters, such as tooth length, crown width, vertical distance and lateral shift showed larger values on panoramic radiography compared to 3D CT. In palatally impacted cases, the angulation of canine was smaller, and the vertical distance to the occlusal place was larger on panoramic radiography than 3D CT. For labially impacted canines, tooth length, crown width, and angulation to the occlusal plane were similar for the two methods. The sensitivity for detecting root resorption on panoramic radiography was calculated as being 33.3% of 3D CT. Conclusions: The position of labially impacted canines can be effectively estimated using panoramic radiography, but palatally impacted canines need further investigation such as 3D CT for proper diagnosis.

韓國人 混合齒列期 兒童 및 成人에 관한 頭部放射線學的 計測

徐惠敬,成在鉉,權五源 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1986 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.3 No.1

正常咬合을 가진 混合齒列期 兒童(男子 55名, 女子 46名) 및 成人(男子 41名, 女子 36名)을 對象으로 側貌 頭部放射線規格寫眞上에서 坂本分析法에 의해 頭蓋顔面骨의 成長 變化를 觀察하여 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 9才, 11才, 成人에서 男女別 各 計測項目의 平均値, 標準偏差 및 profilogram을 얻었다. 頭蓋顔面骨의 크기는 深度에서는 9, 11 才에서 男女間 有意差는 거의 나타나지 않았으나, 高徑은 9才에서 男子가 上顔面部 및 下顎部에서 더 크게 나타났으며 11才에서는 N, PTM, PNS를 제외한 全 項目에서 男子가 더 크게 나타났다. 成人에서는 深度에서 GO, 高涇에서 N을 제외한 金 項目에서 男子가 더 크게 나타났다. 9才에서 11才까지의 平均成長量은 上顎 中切齒 및 上下顎 第一大臼齒, 신부에서는 큰 것으로 나타났고 上顔面部, 上顎部에서는 비교적 작은 것으로 나타났으며, 頭蓋顔面骨의 전반적 成長은 S를 中心으로 하였을 때 下方性 長傾向이 優勢한 前下方成長을 하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the growth change of craniofacial complex in korean children & adults. The subjects included 55 males and 46 females in children, 41 males and 36 females in adults. A series of 2 lateral cephalometric radiographs obtained from each child at age 9 and 11 and 1 lateral cephalometric radiograph obtained from each adult were analyzed by Sakamoto's coordinate system. The conclusions were as follows : Means, standard deviations and profilograms from measurements were obtained at age 9, 11 and adult. Sexual difference in depth of craniofacial complex was hardly found at age 9 and 11, but in height male was larger than female in upper facial and mandibular portion at age 9 and in all of the items except N, PTM, PNS at age 11. At Adult male was larger than female in all of the items except Go in depth and N in height. Growth increments of upper and lower incisors, upper and lower first molars and chin portion from age 9 to 11 were large, whereas those of upper facial and maxillary portions were relatively small, and the craniofacial complex grew forward and downward, but more downward.

만성 신부전 환자에서 과도한 수분섭취로 유발된 심한 저나트륨혈증 1예

문기원,권순길,김혜영 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2003 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.13 No.2

만성 신부전에서는 사구체 여과율이 감소함에 따라 농축능은 손상되지만 희석능은 오랜 기간 유지되기 때문에 심한 저나트륨혈증은 잘 발생하지 않는 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 잘못된 민간 의료지식으로 인하여 만성 신부전 환자에서 과도한 수분섭취로 유발된 심한 저나트륨혈증을 합병증 없이 치료한 증례를 경험한 바 있어 보고하는 바이다. Hyponatremia is one of the most common electrolytes imbalances in clinical medicine. However, it may be fatal if not corrected appropriately. In pre-dialytic chronic renal failure patients, severe hyponatremia is rare, because the dilutional capacity of the nephron is well preserved despite of diminished glomerular filtration rate. We report a case of severe hyponatremia induced by excessive water intake in a 33-year-old woman with chronic renal failure, treated successfully with diuretics and 3% saline. She had drunken 2-3 liters of free water daily for 7 days, and nausea, vomiting and dyspnea were developed 2 days later. At admission, serum sodium concentration was 103 mEq/L and serum creatinine was 4.7 mg/dL. Salt and free water intake were restricted and furosemide was administered intravenously, but serum sodium concentration rose only by 2 mEq/L. Then, 3% saline was added and serum sodium concentration rose to 118 mEq/L after 48 hours. On 7th hospital days, serum sodium concentration was 132 mEq/L, the patient discharged without any complication at all.

두개저 및 하악골에서 최대 사춘기 급성장

김혜숙,권오원 대한치과교정학회 1993 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.23 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate not only the variability in the timing and amount of the maximum pubertal spurt in cranial base and mandible, but also its interrelationship with the timing of peak height velocity. This study was carried out by analysing biannual serial lateral cephalometric radiographs of twenty-six males and twenty-one females who were taken from 8.5years to 16.5years old of mean age, according to the established land-marks and linear measurements. The results of this study were summarized as follows. 1. Prevalance fo the maximum growth spurt more than 80 percentage was occurred earlier in all measurements of cranial base and mandible, except posterior cranial base length in the female. 2. In all measurements of cranial base and mandible, the maximum spurt was occurred earlier in the female than the male while it was greater in male in all measurements except ramal height. 3. In body height measurement, the peak height velocity was occurred 2 years earlier for the female(11.0 years old) than the male(13.0 years old). 4. The timing of maximum spurt in anterior cranial base length and total mandibular length in both sexes and ramal height in the female were coincided with PHV. The maximum spurt was occurred in both sexes in all measurements 2 years before or after PHV, except mandibular body length and posterior cranial base length the in female. 5. In all ages, there was significant correlation between th etotal mandibular length and ramal height, and was also correlation between total cranial base length and anterior cranial base length(P<0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between the ramal height and mandibular body length. In addition, there was also no any correlation between the anterior cranial base length and posterior cranial base length in all ages(P>0.05).

혼합미셀 형성에 의한 베타카로틴의 가용화

박원봉,문유선,권영주,주혜진 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2003 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.15 No.-

베타카로틴의 물에 대한 용해도는 담즙산염의 임계미셀농도에서 급속히 증가하였으며, 혼합미셀을 형성시 용해도가 더욱 우수하였다. 또한, 베타카로틴을 수용화 하는데 필요한 계면활성제의 최적비율은 1:5이며, 글리세롤, 레시틴, STPP, 젤라틴, 카라기난 등 각종 안정화제를 적절한 비율로 첨가하여 업자크기를 측정한 결과, 0.48 μm 의 안정된 혼합미셀 조성불을 얻을 수 있었으며, 이 조성불은 항산화활성이 거의 그대로 유지됨을 알수 있었다. β-Carotene is a member of hydrophobic pigments known as carotenoids, which are responsible for the bright warm colors in some fruits and vegetables, β-Carotene is an important antioxidant which protects the body from free radicals. The body converts β-carotene, a nontoxic vitamin A precursor, to vitamin A as needed. Dissolution in surfactant solutions above the critical micelle concentration offers one approach to the formation of poorly soluble materials in solution form. In the present study, the β-Carotene was dissolved in mixed micelles of bile salts (sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate). Water-solubility of β-Carotene was estimated by measuring absorbance and phase diagram of water/β-Carotene/bile salts system was plotted. Effects of stabilizer on the stability of soluble β-Carotene was estimated by measuring the size of mixed micelles containing β -carotene. Antioxidative activity of hydrophobic and aqueous β-Carotene was estimated by measuring TBA value of linoleic acid emulsion incubated with anti oxidative components.