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재정건전성 관리를 위한 국회의 역할강화 방안 : 예산안 심의과정을 중심으로
김철회,박경순 한남대학교 사회과학연구소 2011 사회과학연구 Vol.20 No.2
본 논문에서는 한국의 재정건전성에 관한 문제점을 연구함과 더불어 이와 관련된 국회 예산심의 과정의 제도적 구조를 분석했다. 예산과정과 관련하여 중앙관서별 지출한도의 비공개, 국가재정운용계획에 관한 국회의 의견수렴 절차 부재, 예산심의과정에서 성과계획서 및 성과보고서의 실질적 반영 미흡, 이밖에도 국가부채 통계를 포함한 재정통계의 일관성 부족 등과 같은 것은 재정건전성을 악화시키는 문제점이라고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 논의를 바탕으로, 예산과정에서 재정건전성을 강화하기 위하여 국회는 다음과 같은 몇가지 대안을 고려해볼 필요성이 있다. 첫째, 국회에 예산안편성지침과 함께 중앙관서별 지출한도를 공개하는 것을 제안한다. 둘째, 국회는 국가재정법에 국가재정운용계획의 심의 절차를 마련하도록 해야한다. 셋째, 국회는 정부의 성과보고서가 예산심의과정에 실질적으로 반영될 수 있도록 해야 한다. 마지막으로 국회는 공식적인 정부 부채를 포함한 재정건전성의 기준을 마련해야 한다. In this paper, we investigated some issues fiscal soundness of Korea Government, and analyzed institutional structures related with budget deliberation process of national assembly. In budget process there are some problems which could make worse fiscal soundness such as secrecy of budget ceiling central government departments, absence of congressional review process of national midterm finance plan, insufficiency of application of government performance plan and report in budget deliberation process, inconsistency of national financial statistics including national debt statistics, etc. Based on these argues, we propose some alternatives to reinforce fiscal soundness in budget process. Firstly, we recommend that government open the ceilings of central government budget to national assembly before submitting final government budget. Secondly, national assembly should make the review process of government midterm finance plan in national finance law. Thirdly, national assembly should make sure the government performance plan and its result in process of budget deliberation. Lastly, national assembly should make the standard of fiscal soundness including official national debt statistics.
전병휘,황재효,민경일 永同大學校 2001 硏究論叢 Vol.7 No.1
본 논문에서는 tandem-stub mounted circuit를 이용한 X-band용 디지털 위상 변위기를 PIN 다이오드 이용한 설계 방법을 제시하고, 22.5˚및 90˚의 위상천이를 갖는 위상 변위기를 제작하였다 제작된 22.5˚와 90˚위상 변위기는 11.5 GHz∼12.5 GHz 대역에서 약 14 % 이내의 위상 오차와 중심 주파수에서 삽입손실은 최대 1.5 dB 이하의 특성과 반사손실 최소 14 dB 이하의 특성을 나타냈다. This paper presents the description of a digital phase shifter for X-band application that was designed for phase shifter using Tendam-Stub mounted circuits and PIN Diode. The circuit, made in microstrip line, consist of two cells having phase shifts of 22.5˚ and 90˚. The measured results are that the fabricated phase shifter of 22.5˚ and 90˚ shows phase error within about 14% at frequency range of 11.5 GHz∼12.5 GHz and insertion loss of less than 1.5 dB at center frequency.
남순현,최희경 호남대학교 2005 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.26 No.1
This study examined the relationship between child's physical abuse and child's delinquency. For the purpose of present study, the sample consisted of 229 5th and 6th grade grils. The result of the paper was as follows. First, child's delinquency consisted of four types - that is, curiosity of a day, avoidance behavior, disturbance of social(public) order, and peer group violence - which was based upon Kwak and Mun(1993)'s juvenile delinquency. Second, child's physical abuse was significantly positive correlated curiosity of a day, distrurbance of social(public) order, and peer group violence except for avoidance behavior. Third,the result showed that age, the number of sibling, birth order, sibling conflict, GPA and perception of one's countenance were related with child's physical abuse and child's behavior problem.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor improves renal tubulointerstitial Hypoxia of the Diabetic rat Kidney
( Hui Kyoung Sun ),( Yun Mi Lee ),( Kum Hyun Han ),( Han Seong Kim ),( Seon Ho Ahn ),( Sang Youb Han ) 대한내과학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.27 No.2
Background/Aims: Renal hypoxia is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. Pentoxifyllin (PTX), a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is used to attenuate peripheral vascular diseases. To determine whether PTX can improve renal hypoxia, we investigated its effect in the streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic kidney. Methods: PTX (40 mg/kg, PO) was administered to STZ-induced diabetic rats for 8 weeks. To determine tissue hypoxia, we examined hypoxic inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) levels. We also tested the effect of PTX on HIF-1α in renal tubule cells. Results: PTX reduced the increased protein creatinine ratio in diabetic rats at 8 weeks. HIF-1α, VEGF, and GLUT-1 mRNA expression increased significantly, and the expression of HO-1 also tended to increase in diabetic rats. PTX significantly decreased mRNA expression of HIF-1α and VEGF at 4 and 8 weeks, and decreased HO-1 and GLUT-1 at 4 weeks. The expression of HIF-1α protein was significantly increased at 4 and 8 weeks in tubules in the diabetic rat kidney. PTX tended to decrease HIF-1α protein expression at 8 weeks. To examine whether PTX had a direct effect on renal tubules, normal rat kidney cells were stimulated with CoCl2 (100 μM), which enhanced HIF-1α mRNA and protein levels under low glucose conditions (5.5 mM). Their expressions were similar even after high glucose (30 mM) treatment. PTX had no effect on HIF-1α expression. Conclusions: PTX attenuates tubular hypoxia in the diabetic kidney.