Effects of BSA, PVA, Gonadotropins and Follicle Shell on In Vitro Maturation and In Vitro Fertilization of Porcine Oocytes

Cong, Pei-Qing,Song, Eun-Sook,Kim, Eui-Sook,Li, Zhao-Hua,Zhang, Yong-Hua,Yi, Young-Joo,Park, Chang-Sik The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2007 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.31 No.2

This study was designed to evaluate effects of BSA, PVA, gonadotropins and follicle shell during IVM of porcine oocytes and subsequent development to the blastocyst stage after IVF. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in TCM-199 media containing 4 mg/ml BSA and 1 mg/ml PVA during IVM for 44 hr. To compare the effect of gonadotropins on oocyte maturation, COCs were cultured with FSH+LH, FSH, LH and FSH-LH-free media during IVM. respectively. Also, different number of follicle shells (0, 2, 4 and 6) was used to examine whether the presence of follicle shell in culture medium affects oocyte maturation. The percentages of fertilization and blastocyst formation, respectively, were higher in the medium containing the PVA (49.0 and 17.9%) than those containing the BSA (40.0 and 12.2%). Significantly higher rates of Mil oocytes were in the presence of FSH+LH and FSH (88.6 and 85.1 %) compared to other treatments (64.0 and 53.4% at LH and FSH-LH-free media). Co-culture with inverted follicle shells in 2 ml maturation medium enhanced the developmental competence of porcine oocytes. In conclusion, PVA could be used as a macromolecules instead of BSA, and FSH and follicle shell played important roles in maturation of porcine oocytes.

Disruption of endothelial barrier function is linked with hyposecretion and lymphocytic infiltration in salivary glands of Sjögren's syndrome

Cong, Xin,Zhang, Xue-Ming,Zhang, Yan,Wei, Tai,He, Qi-Hua,Zhang, Li-Wei,Hua, Hong,Lee, Sang-Woo,Park, Kyungpyo,Yu, Guang-Yan,Wu, Li-Ling Elsevier 2018 Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of Vol.1864 No.10

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease that causes hyposecretion in salivary glands. Endothelial tight junctions (TJs) play crucial roles in salivation and barrier function of blood vessels. However, whether the alteration of endothelial TJs were involved in pathogenesis of SS was still unknown. Here, the ultrastructure and function of endothelial TJs in submandibular glands (SMGs) were detected by transmission electron microscopy and in vivo paracellular permeability assay in different aged NOD mouse model for SS. CFSE-labeled lymphocytes were injected into tail vein to trace the infiltration, while claudin-5 expression and distribution were detected by immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and western blot. Results showed that the stimulated salivary flow rate was gradually decreased and lymphocytic infiltration was found as age increased in 12- and 21-week-old NOD mice, but not 7-week-old NOD mice. Blood vessels were dilated, while endothelial TJ width and paracellular tracer transport were increased in 12-week-old NOD mice. Moreover, the injected CFSE-labeled lymphocytes were observed in SMGs of 12-week-old NOD mice. Claudin-5 level was increased and relocalized from the apical portion of neighboring endothelial cells to lateral membranes and cytoplasm in 12-week-old NOD mice. Additionally, the alteration of claudin-5 expression and distribution was further confirmed in labial salivary glands and bilateral parotid glands from SS patients. In cultured human microvessel endothelial cell line (HMEC-1), IFN-γ stimulation significantly increased claudin-5 expression. Taken together, we identified that the endothelial TJ barrier was disrupted and contributed to the development of salivary hyposecretion and lymphocytic infiltration in SS.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Endothelial tight junction barrier is disrupted in hyposecretory submandibular glands from Sjögren's syndrome mouse model </LI> <LI> The disrupted salivary endothelial barrier is linked with lymphocytic infiltration in Sjögren's syndrome mouse model </LI> <LI> The redistribution of claudin-5 is responsible for disrupted endothelial barrier in salivary glands from Sjögren's syndrome </LI> </UL> </P>

Effects of Cryoprotectant, Warming Solution and Removal of Lipid on Viability of Porcine Nuclear Transfer Embryos Vitrified by Open Pulled Straw Method

Cong, Pei-Qing,Song, Eun-Sook,Kim, Eui-Sook,Li, Zhao-Hua,Zhang, Yong-Hua,Lee, Jang-Mi,Yi, Young-Joo,Park, Chang-Sik The Korean Society of Animal Reproduction 2007 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.31 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of cryoprotectants, warming solution and removal of lipid on open pulled straw vitrification (OPS) method of porcine embryos produced by nuclear transfer (NT) of fetal fibroblasts. All solutions used during vitrification were prepared with holding medium consisting of 25 mM Hepes buffered TCM199 medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at $38.5^{\circ}C$. The blastocysts derived from NT with or without lipid were vitrified in each medium of different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG). Also, blastocysts after cryopreservation were warmed into different concentrations of sucrose in warming solution. The optimal concentrations of cryoprotectants in vitrification solution were 10% DMSO + 10% EG in vitrification solution 1 (VS1) and 20% DMSO + 20% EG in vitrification solution 2 (VS2). The optimal concentrations of sucrose were 0.3 M sucrose in warming solution 1 (WS1) and 0.15 M sucrose in warming solution 2 (WS2). lipid removal from oocytes before NT enhanced the viability of NT embryos after vitrification. Our results show that use of the OPS method in conjunction with lipid removal provides effective cryopreservation of porcine nuclear transfer embryos.

Effects of Cryoprotectant, Warming Solution and Removal of Lipid on Viability of Porcine Nuclear Tranfer Embryos Vitrified by Open Pulled Straw Method

Cong, Pei-Qing,Song, Eun-Sook,Kim, Eui-Sook,Li, Zhao-Hua,Zhang, Yong-Hua,Lee, Jang-Mi,Yi, Young-Joo,Park, Chang-Sik 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of cryoprotectants, warming solution and removal of lipid on open pulled straw vitrification (OPS) method of porcine embryos produced by nuclear transfer (NT) of fetal fibroblasts. All solutions used during vitrification were prepared with holding medium consisting of 25 mM Hepes buffered TCM199 medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum (FBS) at 38.5℃. The blastocysts derived from NT with or without lipid were vitrified in each medium of different concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and ethylene glycol (EG). Also, blastocysts after cryopreservation were warmed into different concentrations of sucrose in warming solution. The optimal concentrations of cryoprotectants in vitrification solution were 10% DMSO + 10% EG in vitrification solution 1 (VS1) and 20% DMSO + 20% EG in vitrification solution 2 (VS2). The optimal concentrations of sucrose were 0.3 M sucrose in warming solution 1 (WS1) and 0.15 M sucrose in warming solution 2 (WS2). Lipid removal from oocytes before NT enhanced the viability of NT embryos after vitrification. Our results show that use of the OPS method in conjunction with lipid removal provides effective cryopreservation of porcine nuclear transfer embryos.

Effects of BSA, PVA, Gonadotropins and Follicle Shell on In Vitro Maturation and In Vitro Fertilization of Porcine Oocytes

Cong, Pei-Qing,Song, Eun-Sook,Kim, Eui-Sook,Li, Zhao-Hua,Zhang, Yong-Hua,Yi, Young-Joo,Park, Chang-Sik 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10

This study was designed to evaluate effects of BSA. PVA, gonadotropins and follicle shell during IVM of porcine oocytes and subsequent development to the blastocyst stage after IVF. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured. in TCM-199 media containing 4 mg/ml BSA and 1 mg/ml PVA during IVM for 44 hr. To compare the effect of gonadotropins on oocyte maturation, COCs were cultured. with FSH+LH, FSH, LH and FSH-LH-free media during IVM, respectively. Also, different number of follicle shells (0, 2, 4 and 6) was used to examine whether the presence of follicle shell in culture medium affects oocyte maturation. The percentages of fertilization and blastocyst formation, respectively, were higher in the medium containing the PVA (49.0 and 17.9%) than those containing the BSA (40.0 and 12.2%). Significantly higher rates of MII oocytes were in the presence of FSH+LH and FSH (88.6 and 85.1%) compared to other treatments (64.0 and 53.4% at LH and FSH-LH-free media). Co-culture with inverted follicle shells in 2 ml maturation medium enhanced the developmental competence of porcine oocytes. In conclusion, PVA could be used as a macromolecules instead of BSA, and FSH and follicle shell played important roles in maturation of porcine oocytes.

Effects of BSA, PVA, Gonadotropins and Follicle Shell on In Vitro Maturation and In Vitro Fertilization of Porcine Oocytes

Pei-Qing Cong,Eun-Sook Song,Eui-Sook Kim,Zhao-Hua Li,Yong-Hua Zhang,Young-Joo Yi,Chang-Sik Park 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2007 Reproductive & developmental biology Vol.31 No.2

This study was designed to evaluate effects of BSA, PVA, gonadotropins and follicle shell during IVM of porcine oocytes and subsequent development to the blastocyst stage after IVF. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in TCM-199 media containing 4 mg/ml BSA and 1 mg/ml PVA during IVM for 44 hr. To compare the effect of gonadotropins on oocyte maturation, COCs were cultured with FSH+LH, FSH, LH and FSH-LH-free media during IVM, respectively. Also, different number of follicle shells (0, 2, 4 and 6) was used to examine whether the presence of follicle shell in culture medium affects oocyte maturation. The percentages of fertilization and blastocyst formation, respectively, were higher in the medium containing the PVA (49.0 and 17.9%) than those containing the BSA (40.0 and 12.2%). Significantly higher rates of MII oocytes were in the presence of FSH+LH and FSH (88.6 and 85.1%) compared to other treatments (64.0 and 53.4% at LH and FSH-LH-free media). Co-culture with inverted follicle shells in 2 ml maturation medium enhanced the developmental competence of porcine oocytes. In conclusion, PVA could be used as a macromolecules instead of BSA, and FSH and follicle shell played important roles in maturation of porcine oocytes.

Inhibition of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1-Induced Sebum Production by Bilobetin in Cultured Human Sebocytes

( Cong Wang ),( Yul-lye Hwang ),( Xue Mei Li ),( Soo Jung Kim ),( Ming Ji Zhu ),( Jeung-hoon Lee ),( Ri-hua Jiang ),( Chang Deok Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2019 Annals of Dermatology Vol.31 No.3

Background: Sebocytes are the major cells of sebaceous gland. The essential role of sebocytes is the production of sebum, a specific lipid mixture, that covers the body surface and provides the barrier function. At puberty, sebum production increases under the effects of various stimuli including androgens and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Excessive sebum production changes the microenvironment surrounding hair follicle, often leading to the onset of acne. Objective: We previously performed screening test using cultured human sebocytes, and found that bilobetin had a potential for inhibiting lipid production. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effects of bilobetin on IGF-1-induced lipogenesis in sebocytes. Methods: We pretreated simian virus 40 T (SV40T)-transformed sebocytes with bilobetin then stimulated with IGF-1. Effects of bilobetin on lipogenesis of sebocytes were examined by thin layer chromatography and Western blot. Results: Bilobetin markedly inhibited IGF-1- induced lipid production in sebocytes, especially in terms of production of squalene and wax ester. Supporting these results, bilobetin showed significant inhibitory effect on squalene synthase promoter activity. In addition, bilobetin significantly down-regulated lipogenic transcription factors such as sterol response element binding protein (SREBP)-1 and SREBP-2. To delineate the possible action mechanism, we investigated the effect of bilobetin on intracellular signaling. As a result, bilobetin inhibited IGF-1-induced phosphorylation of AKT. Conclusion: Together, these results suggest that bilobetin has an inhibitory potential on sebum production in sebocytes, being applicable for acne treatment. (Ann Dermatol 31(3) 294∼299, 2019)

Effect of composite biological preservative containing Lactobacillus plantarum on postharvest litchi quality

Cong Xu,Wen-feng Hu,Shi Luo,Hua-jian Luo,Ke Ma,Yan-fang Li 한국식품과학회 2016 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.25 No.6

Biological preservatives containing live microorganisms are environmentally friendly and non-toxic substances used to preserve the quality of fresh fruits. This study investigated whether a composite biological preservative containing live Lactobacillus plantarum (designated as DN003) could preserve the quality of postharvest litchi fruits at high temperature and in humid environment. Postharvest litchi fruits were briefly soaked in DN003, then dried and stored at 29–33oC with 95–98% relative humidity; prochloraz treatment was included as positive control and non-treatment as negative control. In comparison with negative control group, litchi fruits in both DN003-treated and positive control groups better retained their appearance with lower polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities and showed higher concentrations of vitamin C, titratable acids, and total sugar content. These data demonstrated that the new composite biological preservative containing L. plantarum is promising to be used in the preservation of postharvest litchi fruit, particularly in hightemperature and humid environment.

법률문헌검색의 교수 및 응용에 관한 논의

충광린 ( Cong Guang-lin ),김명화 ( Jin Ming-hua ) 경상대학교 중등교육연구소 2019 중등교육연구 Vol.31 No.1

법률전문가의 양성은 국가의 법치발전 있어서 중요한 과제이다. 대학에서 법학전공자들에 대한 양성은 법치화 발전의 진척을 위하여 생력군을 제공해 주고 있다. 법률전문가 육성의 목표는 실천능력과 혁신능력이 겸비한 전문가를 지향하고 있다. 실천능력이란 법률전문가들이 법률지식, 법률기능을 통해 실제로 법률문제를 해결하고 이로 인해 사회에 영향 주는 능력을 가리키며, 혁신능력은 법률전문가들이 새로운 문제를 발견하고 새로운 방법을 사용하며 새로운 평가와 규칙을 형성하는 능력을 말한다. 법률문헌검색의 교수 및 응용은 이러한 목표를 실현하는 데에 있다. '현대의 대학에서 양성해야 할 인재는 더 이상 지식형 인재가 아니라 정보수집에 능숙하고 이를 이용하여 새로운 지식을 창출할 수 있는 지능형 인재를 요구하고 있다'. 법률문헌검색은 법률정보를 획득하는 중요한 경로이며 법학연구와 법률교수의 중요한 구성부분이다. 하지만 중국의 현실은 법학교육에서 법률문헌검색의 교육방법과 이념이 뒤떨어지고, 교수와 교학시설의 배치가 부적절하며, 평가방식이 합리적이지 못하고, 교수전후 실천응용의 부족 등 여러 문제들이 존재하고 있다. 법률문헌검색은 법학인재양성에 있어서 중요한 기능의 하나로서 컴퓨터정보 네트워크가 빠른 속도로 발전하고 있는 오늘날, 고등교육의 내용과 형식도 상응한 대책마련과 새로운 변화를 가져와야 할 것이다. 특히 교수방법과 교수이념을 혁신하고, 법률검색전문가 양성팀을 만들어 '학생중심'의 교수이념을 수립하고, 임베디드 문헌검색의 교수방식을 채택하여 사례교수법을 사용하며, 실천응용을 강화하고, 평가방식을 개혁하는 등의 조치가 필요하다. 본문은 대학의 법학교수에 필요한 법률문헌검색의 교수와 응용에 있어서 존재하는 문제점을 분석하고, 그 원인과 발전방향에 대하여 검토하여, 법학교육에 있어서 문헌 검색에 대한 중시를 불러일으키고 법학인재의 양성에 조금이나마 기여하고자 한다. the cultivation of law talents is an important link in the development of the rule of law in a country, and the cultivation of law majors in colleges and universities provides a new force for the development of the rule of law in China. As far as the specific goal of cultivating legal personnel is concerned, the ability of practice and innovation can be regarded as a complete person. Practical ability refers to the legal person through legal knowledge, legal skills to actually solve legal problems, and thus to influence and shape the ability of the society. Innovative ability is the ability of legal person to find new problems and to use new methods to form new evaluation and rules. The teaching of legal literature retrieval and its application are officially served for this purpose. In the information age, "the talents to be trained in modern universities can no longer be knowledge-based, but intelligent talents who are good at collecting modern information and can make use of modern information to create new knowledge". Legal retrieval is an important way to obtain legal information and an important part of law research and law teaching. However, in the current education of law science in higher education, there are backward teaching methods and concepts in the retrieval of legal documents, incomplete matching of teachers and teaching facilities, and backward assessment and evaluation methods. There are many outstanding problems such as lack of practical application during and after teaching. As one of the necessary skills and basic skills of legal personnel, the content and form of higher education should be changed in time with the rapid development of computer information network. We should reform teaching methods and teaching ideas, train teachers and talents in law retrieval specialty, set up "student-led" teaching idea, adopt embedded literature retrieval teaching method, use case teaching method to strengthen practice and application, and reform evaluation method. The return to social demand is undoubtedly the development path of legal literature retrieval education. This paper probes into the teaching in the field of law in colleges and universities in China, analyzes the problems existing in the teaching and application of law retrieval at present, and discusses its reasons and development direction. The aim of this paper is to arouse the attention of law education in colleges and universities, cooperate with the reform of law education mode and system, improve the information literacy of law talents, and promote the development of law literature retrieval teaching and application.

Selection of Reference Genes for Real-time Quantitative PCR Normalization in the Process of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici Infecting Wheat

Li-hua Xie,Xin Quan,Jie Zhang,Yan-yan Yang,Run-hong Sun,Ming-cong Xia,Bao-guo Xue,Chao Wu,Xiao-yun Han,Ya-nan Xue,Li-rong Yang 한국식물병리학회 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.1

Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici is a soil borne pathogenic fungus associated with wheat roots. The accurate quantification of gene expression during the process of infection might be helpful to understand the pathogenic molecular mechanism. However, this method requires suitable reference genes for transcript normalization. In this study, nine candidate reference genes were chosen, and the specificity of the primers were investigated by melting curves of PCR products. The expression stability of these nine candidates was determined with three programs-geNorm, Norm Finder, and Best Keeper. TUBβ was identified as the most stable reference gene. Furthermore, the exopolygalacturonase gene (ExoPG) was selected to verify the reliability of TUBβ expression. The expression profile of ExoPG assessed using TUBβ agreed with the results of digital gene expression analysis by RNA-Seq. This study is the first systematic exploration of the optimal reference genes in the infection process of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici.