한국 수용자의 소득과 미디어 지출 추세에 관한 실증적 분석(1966-1997)

권호영(Kwon HoYoung),이종원(Lee JongWon) 한국방송학회 2000 한국방송학보 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this article is to examine how Korean consumers have paid media expenditure and to test empirically whether consumer income explains media expenditure through Relative Constancy Hypothesis. As a research method, we used Dupagne(1996)’ s Model which log of media expenditure is regressed on log of disposal income. The log-log functional fore is superior to the linear functional form to alleviate problems of heteroskedasticity and to calculate estimates of income elasticities. In addition, we tried to avoid spurious regression by first differencing each variable and reconstructed relative constancy testing model. We analyzed the data collected from 1966 until 1997. Disposable income as explanatory variable was taken from Nation Account(Bank of Berea). We used Kwon(1998.10)’ s media expenditure data as dependent variable. Followings are the results of analysis. First, relative constancy hypotheses about broadcasting, software, print media and film were rejected. Second, hardware and electronic media(broadcasting, software and hardware) expenditure was not to be explained by income. In other words, expenditure on hard ware and electronic media can not be explained by relative constancy hypothesis. Third, for gross media expenditure, relative constancy hypothesis was rejected in log transformed model and not rejected in first-differenced model. The share of hardware expenditure in gross media expenditure could not be estimated by only income and it took average 52.4% for 32 years, so we can say that gross media expenditure can not be explained by income. According to existing studies, relative constancy hypothesis was supported until 1970s, but it didn’t work since 1980s. For Korea, relative constancy was not supported even by data of 1970s. While gross media expenditure change except hardware can be explained by income, it was not increased at a same rate with income. After 1980, hardware expenditure was increased and at the same time, newspaper, broadcasting and software expenditure was increased, so relative constancy hypothesis could not work. So, when new mass media is to be introduced, its diffusion may not constrained by the income in Korea.

Resolution of Electronic and Structural Factors Underlying Oxygen-Evolving Performance in Amorphous Cobalt Oxide Catalysts

Kwon, Gihan,Jang, Hoyoung,Lee, Jun-Sik,Mane, Anil,Mandia, David J.,Soltau, Sarah R.,Utschig, Lisa M.,Martinson, Alex B. F.,Tiede, David M.,Kim, Hacksung,Kim, Jungho American Chemical Society 2018 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.140 No.34

<P>Non-noble-metal, thin-film oxides are widely investigated as promising catalysts for oxygen evolution reactions (OER). Amorphous cobalt oxide films electrochemically formed in the presence of borate (CoBi) and phosphate (CoPi) share a common cobaltate domain building block, but differ significantly in OER performance that derives from different electron-proton charge transport properties. Here, we use a combination of L edge synchrotron X-ray absorption (XAS), resonant X-ray emission (RXES), resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS), resonant Raman (RR) scattering, and high-energy X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) analyses that identify electronic and structural factors correlated to the charge transport differences for CoPi and CoBi. The analyses show that CoBi is composed primarily of cobalt in octahedral coordination, whereas CoPi contains approximately 17% tetrahedral Co(II), with the remainder in octahedral coordination. Oxygen-mediated 4<I>p</I>-3<I>d</I> hybridization through Co-O-Co bonding was detected by RXES and the intersite <I>dd</I> excitation was observed by RIXS in CoBi, but not in CoPi. RR shows that CoBi resembles a disordered layered LiCoO<SUB>2</SUB>-like structure, whereas CoPi is amorphous. Distinct domain models in the nanometer range for CoBi and CoPi have been proposed on the basis of the PDF analysis coupled to XAS data. The observed differences provide information on electronic and structural factors that enhance oxygen evolving catalysis performance.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Prognostic value of postoperative CA19-9 normalization in patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Kwon, Oh Kyoung,Yu, Wansik,Chung, Hoyoung G. Thieme 2013 Hepato-gastroenterology Vol.60 No.122

<P>CA19-9 is known to have positive correlation with depth of invasion, nodal involvement, and peritoneal metastasis in gastric adenocarcinoma. In patients with high preoperative CA19-9 serum levels who underwent curative gastrectomy, we evaluated the prognostic impact of postoperative normalization of CA 19-9.</P>

Effects of Uric Acid on the Alterations of White Matter Connectivity in Patients with Major Depression

Hoyoung Sohn,Min-Soo Kwon,Sun-Woo Lee,Jongsoo Oh,Min-Kyoung Kim,Sang-Hyuk Lee,Kang Soo Lee,Borah Kim 대한신경정신의학회 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.6

Objective Uric acid is a non-enzymatic antioxidant associated with depression. Despite its known protective role in other brain disorders, little is known about its influence on the structural characteristics of brains of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). This study explored the association between uric acid and characteristics of white matter (WM) in patients with MDD. Methods A total of 32 patients with MDD and 23 healthy controls (HCs) were examined. All participants were scored based on the Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory at baseline. All patients were also rated with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. We collected blood samples from all participants immediately after their enrollment and before the initiation of antidepressants in case of patients. Tract-based spatial statistics were used for all imaging analyses. Results Lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher radial diffusivity (RD) values were found in the MDD group than in the HC group. Voxelwise correlation analysis revealed that the serum uric acid levels positively correlated with the FA and negatively with the RD in WM regions that previously showed significant group differences in the MDD group. The correlated areas were located in the left anterior corona radiata, left frontal lobe WM, and left anterior cingulate cortex WM. Conclusion The present study suggests a significant association between altered WM connectivity and serum uric acid levels in patients with MDD, possibly through demyelination.

복합 부식 환경의 자동차 철강 소재에 대한 피로 수명 평가

최호영(Hoyoung Choi),최성종(Seongjong Choi),허철(Cheol Heo),권종완(Jongwan Kwon),이상호,윤주섭 한국자동차공학회 2016 한국자동차공학회 지부 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

Engineering of alkyl-terminated silicon nanoparticles for the selective filtration of copper ions

황장선,Hoyoung Woo,Taemoo Lee,Joohye Hong,Na-Young Kim,Yonghyun Choi,Yejin Kwon,Jaehee Jang,Semi Yoon,Taejong Paik,Jonghoon Choi 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.82 No.-

Porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs), particularly those that are electrochemically etched in a top-downmanner, have been employed in variousfields due to their specific properties. Alkyl-terminated pSiNPsbearing a functional group, particularlyCOOH, are known to be specific quenching for copper and arebeing studied in variousfields, such as sensing. The electrons of the alkyl-terminated pSiNPs enrichedwith functional groups react with divalent cations, particularly copper, iron, or silver ions, resulting influorescence quenching. Among them, optimumfluorescence quenching is exhibited by copper ions,which indicates that copper ions are directly reduced to copper nanoparticles. In this study, these alkylterminatedpSiNPs were adsorbed onto afilter paper and reacted with copper ions in water to evaluatethefluorescence change. Based on these results, a selective ionfilter was developed, the quenchingmechanism and reduction of copper ions to nanoparticles were investigated.

Confirmation of genotypic effects for the bovine APM1 gene on marbling in Hanwoo cattle

( Anam Kwon ),( Krishnamoorthy Srikanth ),( Eunjin Lee ),( Seonkwan Kim ),( Hoyoung Chung ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2016 한국축산학회지 Vol.58 No.4

Background: Our previous study had identified the SNP (g.81966377T > C) and indel (g.81966364D > I) located in the promoter of APM1 to have a significant effect on marbling in Hanwoo. APM1 encodes an adipocytokine called adiponectin, which plays a significant role in lipogenesis. The aim of this study was to verify and validate the effect of the SNP and indel on marbling and other carcass traits in a large, representative, countrywide population of Hanwoo cattle. The carcass traits measured were marbling (MAR), backfat thickness (BFT), loin eye area (LEA), and carcass weight (CAW). Results: Primers were designed to amplify 346 bp of the genomic segment that contained the targeted SNP (g.81966377) and the indel (g.81966364). After data curation, the genotypes of 8,378 individuals identified using direct sequencing analysis estimated frequencies for C (0.686) and T (0.314) respectively showing genotype frequencies for CC (0.470), CT (0.430) and TT (0.098). The genotypes were significantly associated with MAR, BFT and LEA. The indel had significant effect on marbling (P < .0001) with strong additive genetic effects. The allele frequencies was estimated at (DEL, 0.864) and insertion (INS, 0.136) presenting genotypes of D/D (75.63 %), D/I (21.44 %), and I/I (2.92 %). Significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was not detected for both the SNP and the indel. Conclusion: The SNP genotypes showed significant association with MAR, BFT and LEA with strong additive genetic effects, while the indel was significantly associated with MAR. The results confirmed that the variants can be used as a genetic marker for improving marbling in Hanwoo.

Pulse-electrodeposited nickel phosphide for high-performance proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

Kim, Hoyoung,Park, Hyanjoo,Kim, Dong-Kwon,Choi, Insoo,Kim, Soo-Kil Elsevier 2019 Journal of alloys and compounds Vol.785 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Ni-P catalysts with various compositions were fabricated by pulse electrodeposition in pursuit of highly efficient and durable hydrogen evolution via proton exchange membrane water electrolysis. Pulse electrodeposition enabled the preparation of a Ni-P catalyst with a high portion of P, thereby conferring acid-resistant properties to the catalyst. Specifically, precise control of the deposition potential made it possible to leach Ni from bulk Ni-P and thus to vary the composition. With greater P incorporation, the catalyst became amorphous. The activity of the as-prepared Ni-P catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic medium was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, confirming the strong dependence of the activity on the composition. The Ni-P catalyst with a bulk composition of Ni<SUB>78</SUB>P<SUB>22</SUB> exhibited the best HER activity with an overpotential of 105 mV at −10 mA cm<SUP>−2</SUP>. The current density of the single cell with the electrodeposited Ni<SUB>78</SUB>P<SUB>22</SUB> cathode and electrodeposited IrO<SUB>2</SUB> anode was 1.31 A cm<SUP>−2</SUP> at 2.0 V<SUB>cell</SUB>. Compared to reported values for other non-Pt or Pt cathodes for electrolysis, the electrolyzer with the Ni<SUB>78</SUB>P<SUB>22</SUB> cathode strongly outperforms the non-Pt cathodes, and the performance is more than a half of that of the Pt cathode.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Ni-P catalysts with high P contents were fabricated by pulse electrodeposition. </LI> <LI> As-prepared Ni-P catalysts were tested for H<SUB>2</SUB> evolution via half-cell experiment. </LI> <LI> Ni<SUB>78</SUB>P<SUB>22</SUB> catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity and durability for acidic HER. </LI> <LI> Electrolyzer with Ni<SUB>78</SUB>P<SUB>22</SUB> cathode clearly outperforms others with non-Pt catalysts. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Effects of Uric Acid on the Alterations of White Matter Connectivity in Patients with Major Depression

Sohn, Hoyoung,Kwon, Min-Soo,Lee, Sun-Woo,Oh, Jongsoo,Kim, Min-Kyoung,Lee, Sang-Hyuk,Lee, Kang Soo,Kim, Borah Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 2018 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.15 No.7

White Matter Alterations Associated with Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Jaehwa Lim,Hoyoung Sohn,Min-Soo Kwon,김보라 대한정신약물학회 2021 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.19 No.3

Objective: Regarding the neuroinflammatory theory of major depressive disorder (MDD), little is known about the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines on white matter (WM) changes in MDD. We aimed to investigate the relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and WM alterations in patients with MDD. Methods: Twenty-two patients with MDD and 22 healthy controls (HC) were evaluated for brain imaging and pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, interferon- and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-. Tract-based spatial statistics and FreeSurfer were used for brain image analysis. Results: The levels of TNF- and IL-8 were significantly higher in the MDD group than in HC. Compared to HC, lower fractional anisotropy (FA), and higher median diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) values were found in the MDD group for several WM regions. Voxel-wise correlation analysis showed that the level of TNF- was negatively correlated with FA, and positively correlated with MD and RD in the left body and genu of the corpus callosum, left anterior corona radiata, and left superior corona radiata. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that TNF- may play an important role in the WM alterations in depression, possibly through demyelination.