Overexpression of Zoysia ZjCIGR1 gene confers cold stress resistance to zoysiagrass

Yang‑Ji Kim,Dae‑Hwa Yang,Mi‑Young Park,Hyeon‑Jin Sun,Pill‑Soon Song,Hong‑Gyu Kang,Seok‑Cheol Suh,Yong‑Eok Lee,이효연 한국식물생명공학회 2020 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.14 No.1

Zoysia japonica Steud. is a warm-season lawn grass popular in Korea and elsewhere. They are cultivated in many places such as river banks, roadside, and play grounds. However, there still is a disadvantage of frequent mowing, and the grass grows poorly under the chilly conditions. To develop a grass variety that circumvents these drawbacks, we cloned the chitininducible gibberellins-responsive1 gene (CIGR1) from zoysiagrass. The full length of the ZjCIGR1 (Zj; Zoysia japonica Steud.) gene was obtained by 5′/3′ RACE PCR and the phylogenetic tree showed that it belonged to the CIGR1-subgroup in the PAT1-group of GRAS protein family. Expression of the ZjCIGR1 in wild-type plants was confirmed in roots, meristems, leaves, and flowers, especially high in the flowers. The transgenic zoysiagrass was confirmed by PCR using gene-specific primers, phosphinothricin-acetyl-transferase (PAT) strip test, and Southern blot analysis. ZjCIGR1-overexpressing plants acquired tolerance to cold stress displaying morphological phenotypes characteristic of stress resistance. In addition, in the transformants, expression of the ZjCIGR1 as well as cold-regulated (COR) gene was increased compared to the wild-type plants under cold stress condition. These results suggest that ZjCIGR1 gene is an important candidate for regulating cold stress resistance.

심야전력을 이용한 축열식 전기온풍기 및 비축열식 전기패널 바닥난방의 실내온열환경 비교

양창남,임홍성,최동호 제주대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.11 No.1

In this paper, we analyzed the characteristics of indoor heating environment by the electric panel heating system without thermal storage developed from the traditional under-floor heating system, and compared them with the ones by the electric heating system with thermal storage. From the experimental study, we observed little temperature difference of the upper and lower of space as well as the horizontal temperature distribution. The electric panel heating system makes the constant indoor temperature and more comfortable. However, we observed that the electric heating system with thermal storage is more economical than the electric panel heating system.

폐결핵 환자의 우울 상태

홍정표,최선희,조만종,이성주,박종,김기순,김양옥 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1997 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.22 No.1

The main purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the depressive states for the patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis. A questionnaire(Self-rating Depression Scale, SDS) survey was performed toward 57 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with initial treatment who started chemotherapy and 53 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with retreatment, admitted to one tuberculosis-centered hospital and two general hospital. Fifty three healthy persons as control group were investigated with the same questionnaire for comparison. The survey was performed from July to August 1996. The results are as follws : 1. The patients had significantly high scores in the depression than control and the patient with retreatment showed significantly high scores in the depression than the patient with initia1treatment(P<0.01). 2. The depressive levels of the patients were associated with duration of admission and the expectancy of recovery (P<0.05). 3. The percentage of the subjects with 40 or more scores tentatively classifiable as psychologically depressed was 67.1% of the total subjects, 48.4% of the control groups, 75.0% of the patient with initial treatment and 84.1% of the patient with retreatment. Because patient with pulmonary tuberculosis with initial treatment showed higher depression scores than normal persons, and patients with retreatment due to failure of initial treatment showed higher depression scores than initial treatment, it is necessary to give attention to depression of the patients during treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

우리나라 서남해안 해성점토의 전단특성에 관한 연구

홍원표,이양상,한중근 중앙대학교 기술과학연구소 1994 기술과학연구소 논문집 Vol.24 No.-

Saturated marine clays are consolidated under applied loads caused by deposit-process or human interruptions. The consolidation process results in densification and in turn increment of the undrained strength of a clay deposit. In a clay deposit, the undrained strength is increasing with the effective overburden pressure, which also increases wit depth. The strength variations with effective overburden pressure(or depth) is characterized by so called "Cu/P" ratio. In korea, the empirical formula proposed by Skempton has been used to estimate the undrained strength profile of a clay deposit without any sometimes varification of the applicability to clay deposits in Korea. In the thesis, the test data for some clay deposits along south -west coast in Korea were analized to test the applicability of Skempton formula. A new formula pertinent to the deposits was developed. Also, Initial elastic and secant moduli were studied.

大伽倻 古墳의 動物遺骸에 關하여

楊洪準 慶北大學校 1981 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

This paper is a report on the tombs of The Great Gaya Kingdom which was excavated from the August to the November in 1978. Several pieces of the animal remains were unearthed from the studied tombs; No. 34 SE-3 and No. 35NW-2 which belong to the series of tombs of The Great Gaya Kingdom located atJisan-dong, Goryeong county, Kyungbug province. the author found three pieces of bird bones, 41 pieces of fish bones and two items of crab from the tomb No. 34. SE-3 The remains of bird and crab were seriously rotted. But the remain bones of cut fish body at caudal peduncle are sustained almost proper forms, so this species is identified as a codfish, Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius, according to the morphological characteristics of vertebra. The remains of fishes, gastropods and trumpet shells were unearthed from the linking cist and the tomb No. 35 NW-2. All remains of this tomb are marine animals. Especially gastropods of the linking cist are put in the earthenware and 11 individuals of them are maintained almost its original shell structure and they are identified as Thais bronni (Dunker). But the fishes of the linking cist couldn't be identified because of their decalcification by serious decay. The remains of trumpet shell from the tomb 35NW-2 are identified as Batillus cornutus (Solader) by the preserved characteristics.

中共과 自由中國의 아프리카外交競合硏究 : 1956~1971

洪亮杓,余康模 경북대학교 환태평양연구소 1989 環太平洋硏究 Vol.2 No.-

Africa has become a battlefield in the Chinese competition. So to speak, the major theatre of conflict between the Chinese Communists and the Chinese Nationalists has been transferred from Chinese soil onto foreign territory. The Middle East, Southeast Asia, Latin America and other regions have all experienced Chinese competition, but nowhere has the rivalry become more intense than in Africa. Prior to the Late 1950's neither the PRC nor ROC had extensive contacts with Africa. Nor did either government have a direct stake in the region. Moreover, Africa itself was tabula rasa with respect to the China issue. What is more, It is precisely the newness of the venture that makes Chinese competition in Africa intriguing. Both contenders began their African assault de novo. So each has had to experiment and innovate according to the African response. However, at present, both Peking and Taipei are deeply involved in Africa. There has been a tendency to assume that only major powers or communist states utilize such instruments of foreign policy as foreign aid, good-will missions, cultural diplomacy, trade, agricultural technical assistance program, and similar programs to score political gains. The PRC-ROC's competition in Africa represents an excellent example. And the immediate importance of Africa to the ROC and the ORC is both political and economic in nature. Oneday to both, African support internationally became a matter of political life and death in UN. Finally, First, it is apparent that Africa occupied an important place in the Foreign policies of both Peking and Taipei. Second, notwithstanding the success of Taipei in Africa, the PRC-ROC's competition is not between equals. Third, Taipei has been able to compete effectively with Peking by being selective. These several conclusions may be reached on the basis of this brief survey of Chinese competition in Africa.

濟州地域 妊娠婦의 産前管理와 營養攝取 實態에 관한 調査硏究

洪陽子 제주대학교 1982 논문집 Vol.14 No.-

1981年 10月부터 12月까지의 3개월간 濟州地域妊娠婦 156명을 대상으로 하여 그들의 임신과 관련된 일반적인 狀況과 産前管理 및 營養攝取의 實態를 조사하였던 바, 그 結果을 要約하면 다음과 같다. 一般狀況 및 産前管理 가. 年齡別分布는 25∼29세群이 50.7%로 가장 많았다. 나. 姙娠後半期의 임신부가 73.7%였으며, 初産인 경우가 53.8%였다. 다. 敎育程度는 高等學校卒業者 51.3%,大卒 19.9%의 順이었다. 라. 妊娠한 후에 그전보다 營養管理에 보다 더 많은 관심을 갖는 姙娠婦는 69.2%였다. 마. 姙娠期間중에 유의하여 攝取하는 食品은 과일 74명, 우유 73명 등의 順으로 많았고, 鐵分劑를 服用하는 사람은 28명이었다. 바. 姙娠婦의 86.5%가 禁忌食品을 인정하고 있으며, 그 내용은 커피와 알콜, 樂등이고, 極少數인 8명만의 닭고기, 밀가루 음식, 오징어 등의 蛋白質食品을 禁忌하고 있었다. 사. 活動量에 있어서는 姙娠前과 똑같은 정도로 家事를 돌본다는 임신부가 56.4%였다. 아. 姙娠중의 合倂症으로는 빈혈 42.9%, 구토 32%, 변비 31.4% 등의 順으로 많이 나타나고 있다. 자. 家計의 月平均收入에 있어서는 20∼24만원 群이 30.1%로, 食費인 경우는 6∼10만원群이 57.7%로 가장 많았다. 차. 姙娠時의 體重增加率은 姙娠後半期에서 低調하여, 姙娠末期에는 平均 9.45%kg의 增加를 보였다. 營養攝取 가. 熱量攝取는 1847 Kcal 로서 勸裝量의 82%였으며, 3大熱量素의 構成比는 炭水化物 64%, 蛋白質 14%, 脂肪 22%였다. 나. 蛋白質攝取는 平均 65g으로 勸裝量의 65%였으며, 總蛋白質의 40.95%를 動物性에서 攝取하고 있다. 다. 칼슘은 勸裝量의 60%인 598mg을 攝取하고 있어서 攝取한 營養素중에서 가장 부족하였으며, 鐵分은 勸裝量의 147%를 攝取하였으나, 鐵劑를 服用하는 경우는 極少數로 妊娠婦의 17.9%정도였다. 라. 비타민攝取는 비타민 A 250%, B₁ 134%, B₂ 101%, C 208% 및 나이아신 273%로서 모두 勸裝量을 超過하였다. This study was projected to provide basic data on prenatal care for future direction in maternity and child care, and also to investigate the diet of women during pregnancy. The survey was performed on 156 pregnant women admitted to the department of obsterics at Halla Hospital and Jeil Hospital during the period of October to December in 1981. The results obtained are summarized as follow; 1. General characteristics and prenatal care of the subjects investigated: 1)The age distribution was shown 50.7% of the subjects of 25 to 29 years old. 2)53.8% of the pregnant women were primigravidae. 3)5.13% of the subjects were graduated from high school. 4)69.2% the pregnant women have imterests in nutrition more than usual. 5)Foods felt best eaten during pregnancy were fruits, milk and meat. 6)86% of the subjects recognized the taboo foods during pregnancy, and the chief taboo foods were cotree, alcohol and drugs. 7)56.4% of the pregnant women involved in activity during pregnancy same as usual. 8)The complications during pregnancy period were anemia(42.8%)and constipation(31.4%). 2. Nutrition survey on the pregnant women's diet. 1)The average calorie intake during pregnancy per day 1847 Kcal and the total calorie was composed of carbohydrate(64%), protein(14%), fat(22%). 2)Average protein intake per day was 65g, which was less than the recommended level but the total protein was composed of 40.9% from animal protein and 59.1% from plant sources. 3)The calcium was the most limited mutrient, and the intake of calcium per day was 598mg which was 60% of the recommended level. 4)The intakes of thiamine, riboflavin, niacin vitamin C and iron exceeded the recommended level, whereas the intakes of the total energy, protein and calcium were below the recommended level.

韓國外交政策의 目標와 變遷 : Its Objectives and Transition

洪良信 숙명여자대학교 대학원원우회 1984 원우논총 Vol.2 No.-

In the 1980' s, international relations surrounding Korean peninsula are characterized by a new, high state of tension. It is built up between co-operation system among The U.S.A., The People's Republic of China, Japan and The Soviet Union. Foreign policy based on ideology of the past days has lost its position and reality from a point of view of 'national interests'. From this aspect, we bring to a focus of national interests pursued by Korea under new international environments. Foreign policy is defined as a product of domestic process which a nation advances with objectives to adapt or to improve outside conditions for a guide in pursuit of its national interests. An appropriate method to analyze foreign policy objectives is a functional approach. National objectives can be classified into several issue areas. In conformity to functional method, Korean foreign policy objectives are classified into four issue areas. The first place is a national security issue area. It involves independent national defense capability, efficiency of Korean-American military co-operation and application of 4-sided relation in North-East Asia. The second place is a non-human resources issue area. It includes enlargement of international economic co-operation, composite economic development of Korea supporting wartime economy. The third place is a national sovereignty issue area. It contains objectives related to North Korea, for example, conclusion of a non-aggression pact, crossing recognition and simultaneous entrance into U.N. Last of all, is human resources issue area. A final objective in this area is confirmation of poltical orthodoxy through public relations towards the whole world. Above mentioned 4 issue areas are in interdependent relations. In Korea, foreign policy has been most obviously restricted by individual and systemic variables through its transition since the establishment of the government. Before 1948, national independence had been the core interest. But neither the government nor foreign policy had existed. In the 1950's, recognition of the government and security of legitimacy became main objectives. In the 1960's, independent foreign policy was extended and advancement into the world in economic area remarkably increased. In the 1970's foreign policy for peaceful unification took a concrete shape, since 1981, summit-level diplomacy has been strengthened and now, efforts for foundation of the Pacific Community is promoted. From a viewpoint of harmony of national objectives, there are serious problems in Korean foreign policy. These are problems of coexistence, for instance, improvement relationship with Communist countries and relationship with already established friends, rapprochement to the third world and The U.S. Army in Korea, etc. Solutions of these problems lie where actual profits of Korea exist. In conclusion, international order in North-East Asia in the 1980's will continue peaceful --Coexistence and maintenance of the status quo. In this period, Korea must exert all possible efforts for independent nationtal defence and be on the watch of a state of unsettled peace formed by balance of 4 strong powers.

Mulligan 치료법과 고유수용성 신경근 촉진법이 동결견 환자의 치료에 미친 효과

양정애,윤홍일,박현식,신영일,전범수 대한정형도수치료학회 2006 대한정형도수물리치료학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Mulligan method and PNF method on the pain and limitation of range of motion in patients with frozen shoulder. The subjects of this study were 20 patients, 10(50%) males and 10(50%) females. They visited clinic for physical treatment within 6 months after onset of shoulder pain and limitation of range of motion with frozen shoulder. One group was applied with Mulligan method and other group was with PNF method . The patient were treated 5 times session weekly for 6 weeks from March 4th, 2002. And each treatment session was 15min. with physiotherapy. The pain was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) and rage of motion (ROM) of flexion, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation were measured by goniometer. The data was analysed by paired T-test and independent T-test. The results of this study were summarized as follow : 1. The ROM of Mulligan method group increase in after treatment in comparison with ROM in before treatment, it is significant increase. Although the VAS of MMG decrease in before than after treatment, it is significant difference. 2. There is significant difference in before and after treatment of ROM of shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation between PNF method group. The VAS of PMG is decreasing in before than after treatment, it is significant difference. 3. There is significant difference in before movement and after movement ROM of flexion, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation and VAS between Mulligan method session and PNF method session then the scale which measured by Mulligan method was more increased than that of PNF method. The results showed that both Mulligan method and PNF method were effective in pain reduce and ROM increase, but Mulligan method was superior to PNF method in ROM increase and pain reduce.

장애학생을 위한 특수체육학급 설치에 관한 조사연구

홍양자,최인옥 한국특수체육학회 2003 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.11 No.2

The purpose of this study was to determine the current status of the establishment adapted physical education class for students with disabilities who cannot participate normal physical class and to give the research data by surveying the attitudes of the administrators, teachers and parents about adapted physical education class. the survey was executed the by teacher, normal teacher, administrator, and parents to research their attitudes towards the establishment of adapted physical education class. The finding are as follows: First in the case of a school which has no special class, the result of the survey was affirmative about the establishment of a special class. This result means that the interest and concern for the students with disabilities is higher. Second, concerning the necessity of the adapted physical education class, the attitude of the administrator, teacher and parents were very affirmative. Third, the physical teacher thought the students with disabilities to be insufficient in activity ability but to could do better through adapted physical education. Consequently, in school and home, positive concern and consideration help students with disabilities to grow up like normal children. First of all, adapted physical class should be established to develope physical education of special class.