역사 종말론과 이데올로기의 미래

홍양표 한국국민윤리학회 1995 倫理硏究 Vol.34 No.1

민족주의의 역사적 조명과 재창조론

홍양표 경북대학교 사회과학연구소 1994 社會科學硏究 Vol.10 No.1

B.G.A 좌우뇌 교육이 유아들의 뇌 균형 발달에 미치는 영향 연구

홍양표 한국인간복지실천학회 2010 한국인간복지실천연구 Vol.5 No.-

This study camp up with the problems about current left and right brain centered education based on the division brain theory of Dr. Rogerspery, and explored the left and right brain educational methodology as right path. This study was to examine the effectiveness of left and right cerebral training by observing the pre and post B.G.A. results of about kindergarten kids 65 subjects who have shown corelation development, in between the months of Jan. 2010 and Jun. 2010. The conclusion obtained through this study is as follows:First, the left and right brain training has an effect of the brain development.Second, the left and right brain training reduces the deviation of the left and right brain.This research was proceeded at a limited space called an educational institution but elicited that kids left and right brain education influence kids brain development. 본 연구에서는 연구 대상을 일반 유아로 선정하여 특정한 치료적인 목적보다 교육과 학습에서 필요한 좌우뇌의 균형적인 뇌 발달에 초점을 맞추어, 유아들에게 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 파악하고자 한다. 연구의 대상은 2010년 1월부터 2010년 6월까지 S시, B시, J시, U시와 K도에 있는 관인 유치원 원아 200명에게 좌우뇌 교육 프로그램을 실시하고, 그 중 무작위 추출한 65명에게 B.G.A 검사를 통하여 뇌 발달변화를 보고자 하였다. 분석의 결과로 첫째, B.G.A 교육 실시 후 좌우뇌 발달에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 둘째, B.G.A 교육 실시 후 두뇌 영역별 발달에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다.

기독교와 이슬람교의 종교적 갈등 원인론

홍양표 한국중동학회 1996 韓國 中東 學會 論叢 Vol.16 No.1

이념문화의 통일과 평화로 가는 길

홍양표 전남대학교 글로벌디아스포라연구소 2008 전남대학교 세계한상문화연구단 국내학술회의 Vol.2008 No.8

민주적 발전 , 평화 그리고 시민의식

홍양표 한국국민윤리학회 1999 倫理硏究 Vol.42 No.1

人間의 本能的 攻擊性과 平和의 原理

홍양표 경희대 국제평화연구소 1988 平和硏究 Vol.7 No.1

中共政治文化의 兩面性 : 革命 對 逆革命 急進 對 穩健 Revolution to Counterrevolution, and Radicalism to Moderatism

洪亮杓 慶北大學校 東洋文化硏究所 1978 東洋文化硏究 Vol.5 No.-

Political culture of People's Republic of China (PRC) can be explained as struggle or conflict between two elements: revolution (Cultural Revolution) and counterrevolution (Counter C.R.), and radicalism and moderatism. The Cultural Revolution occured with the background and reason of ideological reorganization of people, precedence of politics to business, the critics of Sun Nipang, May-7-Directives by Mao, and the consolidation of Mao's power. Above all Cultural Revolutionalists challenged Chinese and even World's traditions. They opposed all the old values of culture, and the China was in danger of breaking with the past. The process of Revolution was an expression of insanity. After the savage turmoil, Chinese politics has turned to Counter-Revolution such as precedence of industrialization, material incentives, "distribution according to work", income gap, and etc. The struggle between Revolutionalists and Counterrevolutionalists was turned out to be that of radicalism and moderatism. The former's polctical ideology is literal Maoism, continuity of revolution, voluntarism, non-compromising with reality, antiauthority, precedence of class-struggle, economic egalitarianism, and etc, and the latter's one is classical Marxism, historical determination, emphasizing objective conditions, precedence of modernization to ideology, elitism, preference of social stability (comparing with the radicalists' social disorder for the Revolution), economic efficiency, economic inequality to a certain extent and etc. The triumph of the moderatism over the radicalism with the fall of Gang of Four is any how more desirable than the latter's win. For the moderates' means and politics are relatively nonviolent and friendly to foreign country and Capitalism.

第3世界와 世界的共榮

姜永皓,洪亮杓 慶北大學校 平和問題硏究所 1976 평화연구 Vol.1 No.1

The Third world is organized under the name of Non-Alignment. Whose common denominators are not clear. All developing countries are not members of the Third World but only the countries who got admission. Non-algnment, neutrality, independent policy, co-existence, anti-imperialism, anti-colonialism and so on are in a way too imaginative and universal to be the Third World's unique issues. Examplary neutral states such as Sweden, Swiss, Austria have not been allowed the membership or rather Rumania, Cuba and North Korea which are supposed to be closely related to Soviet militarily are joinning the Third World. If we ask Italians the motives of NATO membership, they will surely assert as following: "We, Italians, want co-existence. NATO is purely defensive and our policy is really independent, strong anti-imperialism and colonialism." We should try to grasp the definition of Third Powers as present appearance. Most of Third powers are developing nations and former colonies of the West. This may be the common denominator. This is the reason why they are group of resentment and becoming absolute majority of the world. Their moveent is one of great historical trends in the latter part of 20 century, that is, former suppressed peoples of the world by the West are struggling against the former mentor countries. They are, in many fields, the underdeveloped and too large majority, therefore, they have too many problems and are lack of eminently nuclear elements. However, no powers of the world can turn one's face away from them but face them directly. Almost only one who had took tough line against the Third Powers, Dr. Moynihan, resigned recently. This sounds saying the U.S.' rivision of policy to the Third World. The Third Powers must turn their resentment also to themselves. This is the first step to get the prosperity of oneself and the other Worlds. The redistribution of wealth should initiate first within one's own country. They say that the Saudi's oil wealth is largely flowing to Royal palace, and King Sellasie's wealth is tremendous in spite of his people's starving situation. In fact, it is noted that the gaps between the rich and poor in some Third World countries are also widen. They say that many developing nations' corruption by their minor privileged class is more terrible than the First World's. and also even living gaps among the Third World countries are widening greatly. Third World, we can divide into two categories: one with plenty of natural resources and relatively high technology with which one can afford to export manufactured goods, and the other with no above favorable things and so in extremely poor situation. These extremely poor countries may be able to organize the Forth Power in future, these extreme-poor groups are joining the Third Powers with expectation something reward such as oil dollars or help of natural resources from the resource-rich group. But since the so-called Oil Weapon, they have been most terribly damaged by the risen oil price. Then when they are disappointed for their expectations, they could be enough possible to secede from the Third Power and organize a new group. Nowadays, the individual incomes of Saudi, Quatar, Qwait and other Arab Sheikdoms are much higher than those of some industrialized countries. The redistribution of wealth must also initiated among the Third World states. Resource-cartel, price-rising and resource-nationalism on the basis of permanent sovereignty over natural resources are depressing the growth both of no-resourceful Third World states and industrialized world. These damages by resource cartel will be increasing rapidly. Nationalization of foreign holdings according to national law will contribute to reducing foreign investment and also slow down Third World's industrial growth. The Third World's "better terms of trade" such as high price for their exports and low price for their imports from the First World may be contradictory to their direction of resentment. Unless they cut down the prices of their exporting resources or other manufactured goods for other members of the Third World, for the countries that relied on import of natural resources, it means rather exploitation by the Third World friends themselves. The Third World should turn to increasing the wealth instead of redistribution of it. Non-alignment and neutrality are in political aspects a sort of pacifism which hopes the coexistence of East-West stemed from the Cold War. The coexistence should be, however, realized among the Third World countries themselves. Within the Third World are countless conflicts, such as those between Indo-Pakistan, Arabs-Israel, Iran-Iraqu, China-India and so on. Those countries are struggling to get regional hegemony with military buildup. Today, many of Third World countries are struggling to develop nuclear bomb. This phenomena form a striking contrast to SALT between the U.S. and Russia. They used to stand opposed to nuclear test by major powers, but now ironically they themselves are trying to get the weapon. It is very true that the military build-up of Iran, Egypt, Nigeria, and Israel is aimed at the members of the Third World not at the First World, though there still remain a few remaining Western colonies in the world, but their independence appears to be only when they get it in accordance with the options of indigenes. The issue of peoples' liberation will rise in multi-racial countries rather than in old remaining colonies. Colonialism and imperialism of today have, they say, transformed to economic and diplomatic meaning. The Third World should remember that the issue of racial independence may be risen in large multi-racial countries of Russia and China who have loudly asserted to support the liberation movement. We know that Russia and China have been oppressing independence of internal minority by absolute forces. Depress of Jew's demand and military conquest for Tibetans' demand of autonomy are well known. These two Communist Giants are actually no more qualified to cry peoples' liberation. Russia's policy to the Third World is, we may say, United Front against the U.S., but China's policy to it is that against two superpowers though China's goal foreign policy is United Front against Russia. In order to grasp the final goal of these communist two powers' Third World policy, we need to review this strategy of United Front and their internal policies. United Front stemmed from the united front of CCP (Chinese Communist Party) and Kuo Min Tang initiated by CCP for its survival. Then CCP was almost at the verge of fall by Kuo-Min Tang's attack. It is very difficult to catch up these two giants' real intention of policy to Third World. For they are showing very convert and much more favorable policy than U.S. policy. Foreign policy must be understood as the extension of internal policy to abroad. Sino-Soviet internal anti-capitalistic policy is severe and has never changed. Maoism adapted Communism to China's rural environments has more strictly dogmatized and this "true socialism" (Maoism) has forced all individuals and social groups to sacrifice and unite for realization of Maoism. Accordingly, something revision or compromise is never allowed in the world of absolute Maoism. There is no need to say that Revisionism of Marx-Leninism has been one of essential motives of Sino-Soviet conflicts. Russia has been reprimanded by China that it is resembling capitalism as Social-Imperialist. Cultural Revolution and recent "Down with Capitalist Roaders" such as Teng Shao Ping say that China never allows ideological approach to capitalism regardless of internal power-struggle. Though China apparently assets United Front of the World against Russia because of Russia's immediate possibility of military attack, it is also possible that these two communities powers may, sometime in future, close ranks against capitalism by the change of leadership or other domestic environments. Anyhow, it is very clear that both Russia and China are pursuing strongly internal-anticapitalistic policies. Capitalism is nothing but a economic model of Liberalistic Democracy. Though Sino-Soviet are attacking "American Capitalism," one can hardly deny that they are also aiming at communizing the Third World's Free Democratic countries at a time. It is really doubtful of some philanthropists' real objective who ill-treat house girl in their own home. How can it be compatible the internal anticapitalistic policy with external aid-policy to other capitalistic countries except America? Today, Sino-Soviet communists like to use name of socialism instead of communism because of world-wide fear about it. There are some socialistic forces in Western Europe and Third World. But those democratic socialisms or parliamentary socialisms are essentially different from Marx-Leninism. Even Western communist parties are declaring that they will slough off doctrine of Soviet Communism (such as proletariat dictatorship). There appear terrible conflicts between socialists and communists in Western Europe. Sino-Soviet's classical goal of Communizing the World is eminently living and those two powers are processing to this goal covertly with skillful techniques. One of positive example by this strategy is the growing of leftist forces in some supported countries by communists. Many countries such as Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Mozambique, and Tanzania were threatened by military coups or insurgents joined by communists or at least pro-communists as a reward of those government's pro communist policies. One of the interesting evident is that in rather some earlier supported countries by communists such as Egypt, Mozambique, Zaire and etc. communist influences are diminishing. Many of Third World countries will, I think, realize tha tthey need Western support for their industrial development while they are in full resentment to the West. "Resentment" can ooincide with "demand" and then it is fully possible to close together and cooperate between the Third World and the West. Both two Worlds are anyhow in relations of mutual customers. Their amounts of trade are much higher than those with Second World. While between merchants and customers have sometimes wrangles on price, merchants like customer much more than the people who help in words. The Third World appears to realize that for their final goals of raising living-standards, they need support of the West who is much more developed in many fields, particularly in living-standards than Communist world. The co-propriety of both Worlds should be initiated at concession and cooperation through peaceful negotiation Kissinger also mentioned that the U.S. would be ready to help developing countries, but not by the fear or threatening. One must not generalize the partial exploitation by the West and never but "exploitation" in same category as "robbing". The exploitation of cheap wage in the Third Word by the West is different from robbing it. H.J. Morgenthau seems to distinguish British colonialism thru contracts from military imperialism. Imperialism was, we may say, due course in history and if the Western powers had not colonialzed Afro-Asia, those areas would have surely been substituted by Russia or Japan. The Third World has a lot of problems in it. However, those problems are hardly settled down by pointing out them and reprimanding. Only we can expect some changes I the Thid World in future and search for some alternatives. Korea is in hard situation that it, in realistic demand, must maintain strongly ties for national security with the U.S. which is blamed severely by Third World and, in tread of times, it should also tie with the Third World. We, firstly, have to persuade them so that they are ready to understand our situation. We can let them know North Kroea's unreasonable attitudes. North Korea is not qualified to enter the Third World on three reasons : ① it had blamed severely neutralism as Bourgeois Nationalism and changed its attitude suddenly for its power extension, ② it had also maintained anti-U.N. attitudes and criticized it as the instrument of Bourgeois Imperialism, ③ as a war criminal it invaded Korea and still is threatening militarily. North Korea also appears like China to be non-ideological and practical to the Third Word, but it shall hardly get Korea's speedy approach to the Third World. Korea, though, never appears to be too rash in order to get a membership of Non-Alignment. Korean people may show their real figure of peace-loving who had almost never attacked others in three thousands of history. When it comes the time that the Third World eventually cooperates with the West, one sided, anti-Western warmonger of North Korea shall lose his base in the Third World, while Korea shall easily get close to it in more favorable situation. War-and-hatred-exporting country of North Korea may harvest now immediate crops. But when hatred and conflicts between two World will be turned out into peaceful cooperation for humane survival and co-prosperity, North Korean guerilla trainer shall become annoying one to the Third World. Middle East Conflict looks be hopeful at least on one reason that almost whole world including Egypt and Israel is giving hard efforts to solve it. Korea should stage a long approach in broad fields, such as in politics, culture and economy, to the Third World, particularly to the countries which are under the threat of Communists or under diminishing communist influence.

民主的 生活哲學論

洪亮杓 경북대학교 1982 새마을 硏究論叢 Vol.2 No.-