강제환우와 보존기간이 난질에 미치는 영향

오홍록,이봉덕,이수기,류현덕,유동조 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2006 농업과학연구 Vol.33 No.1

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of forced molting and egg storage time on the various egg qualities. A total of 240 ISA Brown layers (60 wk of age) were employed as the unmolted treatment (Control). Two hundred and forty ISA Brown layers, molted at the age of 55 wk, were used as a forced molting treatment (T1), and the same number and strain of layers, molted at the age of 70 wk. were also used as the another forced molting treatment (T2). A total of 120 eggs were sampled from each treatment, and divided into six sets, 20 eggs per set. These six sets were stored for 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days at 18℃ temperature, respectively. Eggs from T1 were collected from laying hens at the age of 68 wk, which started molting at 60 wk of age and achieved 50% egg production at 63 wk of age. Eggs from T2 were collected from hens at 82 wk of age, which started molting at 70 wk of age and achieved 50% egg production at 78 wk of age. The eggshell strength of T1 was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the Control and T2, and the storing periods did not affect the eggshell strength at all. Neither the forced molting nor the storing periods did not exert any consistent effect on the egg weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell color and egg yolk color. The albumin heights of T1 and T2 were significantly (p<0.05) lower than the Control, and it was remarkably reduced gradually as the storage periods increased in all three treatments. The Haugh unit showed very similar trends as the albumin height, indicating that both albumin height and Haugh unit were very much related to each other. In conclusion, the forced molting improves the eggshell strength, but decreases the albumin height and Haugh unit. The storage of eggs also decreases the albumin height and Haugh unit regardless of molting.

特別寄稿論文 : 魏晉玄學的言意之辯與劉協意象論的關係

김원중 ( Won Joong Kim ),유효홍 ( Xiao Hong Liu ) 한국사상문화학회 2009 韓國思想과 文化 Vol.50 No.-

魏晉南北朝時期는 경학이 쇠퇴하면서 여러 가지 사상이 다시 대두하기 시작하였는데 특히 晉代에 玄風이 성행하면서 허무를 숭상하고 세상을 피하는 소극적 은둔사상이 신속하게 발전하기 시작하였다. 正始 年間에 王弼과 何晏을 비롯한 일련의 사상가들은 노장사상에 입각하여 유가의 경전을 해석하였으니, 우리는 이런 사상을 玄學이라고 한다. 이 현학은 통치자들 뿐만 아니라 상당수의 지식인들의 사유체계와 시대적 분위기를 반영하는 시대조류로 확인되어 죽림칠현이 출현하는 등 사회적 관심사가 되었던 것이다. 특히 이들은 노장 계열의 언어관, 즉 언어는 개인의 사상을 다 표현하기 힘들다는 명제를 적극 수용하면서 문학 창작에 있어서 언어와 사고의 관계에 관한 적지 않은 논의를 야기 시켰으며, 이런 관점을 우리는 言意之辯이라고 한다. 주지하는 바와 같이 劉協은 南朝의 齊梁年間에 살았으므로 이미 현학의 전성기가 지나간 시기에 해당되어 얼핏 보기에 이런 시대 조류와 무관한 시대를 살다간 것처럼 보인다. 그러나 그는 문학사상의 영역에서 현학의 적지 않은 영향을 받아 그의 대작 ≪文心雕龍≫에는 현학의 상당한 흔적을 찾아볼 수 있다. 물론 그의 주된 사상이 儒家思想이면서 道佛의 영향을 받은 복합적인 면모를 고려하면 더욱 그러하다. 유협은 이미 현학이 함축하고 있는 시대와의 불화에 주목하면서도 그 현학이 갖는 문학적 사유의 주요한 측면인 언어와 사고의 관계에 주목했다는 점이다. 역설적이지만 우리는 위진의 현학으로 야기된 문학의 좋지 않은 실제 창작스타일에 대해 유협이 매우 비판적이라는 점도 인정한다. 그러면서도 우리가 간과해서는 안 될 사안은 유협은 현학의 부정적 측면을 비판하면서도 그에 영향을 받은 당시의 작가들의 창작과 이론에 상당한 의미를 부여하면서, 특히 현학의 중심 화두이기도 한 言意의 문제를 적극 수용하여 문학 창작이론의 핵심 사안으로 삼았다는 점이다. 우리가 ≪文心雕龍≫을 보면 적지 않은 부분에서 玄理를 문학이론의 영역으로 끌어들여 자신의 문론을 전개하는 것을 보면 그가 문학 창작론의 첫머리인 `神思` 편을 중심으로 전개하는 `언부진의`론의 문제가 충분히 논의할 만한 가치가 있는 것으로 평가된다. 그가 이 책의 저술 동기에서도 말한 바있듯이 꿈에서도 공자를 볼 정도라는 그가 문학의 원론은 원도, 징성, 종경을 내세우면서 다시 창작론에서는 `言不盡意`론을 수용한다는 것은 모순적인 것으로 볼 수도 있다. 본고를 통해 필자는 유협이 말하고자 하는 意象이란 言、象、意 세 가지 가 반드시 유기적으로 융합하여 탄생한 것이라는 점을 주목했다는 점에 주목하면서, 유협이 言意關係에 대해 논의함에 있어 주로 혜康 등의 言不盡意論과 王弼의 得意忘言論을 기초로 삼으면서 歐陽建의 言盡意論도 고려하는 절충의 방식으로 이들이 자신의 의상론과 연계되어 있다는 사실을 검토하였다. 유협은 언어와 의상의 이원론에 입각하면서도 의상론에 있어서 언어의 작용과 효용이 매우 크다는 점을 확실히 인지하였던 것이다. 그 주된 관점은 주로 言意관계를 言、象、意라는 세 가지 측면으로 분리하여 "象"이 言意의 사이에서 갖는 中介性을 강조하고 있다는 사실도 본고를 통해 확인되었다. 유협이 말하는 "象"은 곧 意象이며 이는 문학 창작 중에 객관사물이 작자의 두뇌 속에서 존재하는 형상이다. 여기서"객관사물"이란 실체가 있고 구체적인 것이지만, 두뇌속의 형상은 비어있고 추상적인 것이다. 이 두 가지가 결합한 `의상`은 이 양자 사이에 존재하는 제 3의 공간이다. 이런 면에서 볼 때 유협이 의상의 작용을 중시하여 "獨照之匠, 窺意象而運斤"(<神思>篇)이라든지 "神用象通, 情變所孕"(<神思>篇)라고 한 것은 그가 언의지변과의 영향을 받은 것인 동시에 아울러 그의 의상론과의 관계를 입증시켜 주는 중요한 예다. 유협이 제시한 이론은 자칫 원론적인 면에서 그 한계를 드러낸다고 볼 수 있으니, 그가 문학창작의 실제적 과정 속에 존재하는 다양한 문제점에만 주목하고 그 실제적인 해결 방안모색에는 소홀했다는 점에 우리는 그 아쉬움을 지적하지 않을 수 없다. As all people know about it, Liu xie was largely affected by Profound learning which is included in his masterpiece Wen Xin Diao Long. Profound learning is His literature theory especially notes Confucian ideas and has comprehensive aspects in that Taoism and Buddhism had an effect on it. However, Profound learning had bad effects on literature and we can infer that Liu xie had critical perspective on this atmosphere. Namely, in unique circumstances of profound learning, Liu Xie was not included in these ideas and made this theory more comprehensive by taking advantages and complaining disadvantages among these ideas. Furthermore, when we read Wen Xin Diao Long, we can notice that he made his own literature theory by taking Profound learning in many sections. The viewpoint, which we cannot express own ideas, is main point of the theory of creating literature. Liu xie noted that Imaginative power of the author is comprised of language, image, idea. There is famous saying of Wang bi; When we acquire idea, we immediately forget language. Liu xie changed this to his theory of creating literature. The bottom line is that Liu xie segregated relation between language and image, then formed it as language, idea, and image. He emphasizes the connection between language and image. The image he says is verbal image and this is the formation existing in the brain of the author when creating literary works. In conclusion, objective subject author tries to express is tangible and concrete. Meanwhile, the image in the mind of the author is nonobjective. Liu xie regarded Verbal image comprised of the two as the third space between both things. We cannot help noting that he did not endeavor to find out actual method to solve but notice various problems.

PBK/TOPK Expression During TPA-Induced HL-60 Leukemic Cell Differentiation

Liu, Yu-Hong,Gao, Xue-Mei,Ge, Fan-Mei,Wang, Zhe,Wang, Wen-Qing,Li, Xiao-Yong Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5

Objective: This study concerns expression of PBK/TOPK during differentiation of HL-60 leukemic cells induced by tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA). Methods: Wright-Giemsa staining was performed to observe morphological changes in the HL-60 cells, and flow cytometry was used to assess the cell cycle and CD11b, CD14, CD13, and CD33 expression. PBK/TOPK levels were determined by Western blot analysis. Results: After treating HL60 cells with $5.1{\times}10^{-9}$ mmol/L of TPA for three days, the number of nitroblue-tetrazolium-positive cells and CD11b, CD13, and CD14 expression increased, whereas the PBK/TOPK levels decreased. Conclusions: TPA can inhibit proliferation and induce differentiation of HL60 cells of the granulocytic or monocytic lineage. PBK/TOPK expression was downregulated during this process, whereas the Pho-PBK/TOPK expression was increased.

Studies on the Soybean Cyst Nematode (Heterodera glycines) in China

Liu, Wei-Zhi,Liu, Ye,Duan, Yu-Xi,Hong, Quan-Chun,Wang, Ke-Ning Korean Society of Applied Entomology 1995 한국응용곤충학회지 Vol.34 No.2

Soybean has been cultivated in China for 5,000 years. The soybean cyst neamtode (SCN), Heterodra glycines, was recongnized in Northeastern China in 1899. Currently, it is known to occur in 12 provinces. The biology of SCN was investigated in several provinces. Six races of SCN were identified (race 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7). About f10,000 soybean germplasm lines were evaluated for their resistance to race 1, 3, 4 and 5 of SCN. At least two black-seeded cultivars are resistant to all four races. Several tolerant soybean cultivars with yellow seed coat were released and are in production. Additional resistant cultivars are being developed. Nematicides were not applied in production Potential biocontrol agents and related aspects are being investigated.

Cyclitol Derivatives from the Sponge Sarcotragus Species

Liu, Yong-hong,Lee, Chong-O.,Hong, Jong-ki,Jung, Jee-H. Korean Chemical Society 2002 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.23 No.10

Omi is a mammalian heat-shock protein that selectively binds and detoxifies oligomeric amyloid-beta.

Liu, Meng-Lu,Liu, Ming-Jie,Shen, Yan-Fei,Ryu, Hoon,Kim, Hyeon-Jin,Klupsch, Kristina,Downward, Julian,Hong, Seong-Tshool Cambridge University Press 2009 Journal of cell science Vol.122 No.11

<P>The cellular generation of toxic metabolites and subsequent detoxification failure can cause the uncontrolled accumulation of these metabolites in cells, leading to cellular dysfunction. Amyloid-beta protein (Abeta), a normal metabolite of neurons, tends to form toxic oligomeric structures that cause neurodegeneration. It is unclear how healthy neurons control the levels of intracellular oligomeric Abeta in order to avoid neurodegeneration. Using immunochemical and biochemical studies, we show that the Abeta-binding serine protease Omi is a stress-relieving heat-shock protein that protects neurons against neurotoxic oligomeric Abeta. Through its PDZ domain, Omi binds preferentially to neurotoxic oligomeric forms of Abeta rather than non-toxic monomeric forms to detoxify oligomeric Abeta by disaggregation. This specific interaction leads not only to mutual detoxification of the pro-apoptotic activity of Omi and Abeta-induced neurotoxicity, but also to a reduction of neurotoxic-Abeta accumulation. The neuroprotective role of Omi is further supported by its upregulation during normal neurogenesis and neuronal maturation in mice, which could be in response to the increase in the generation of oligomeric Abeta during these processes. These findings provide novel and important insights into the detoxification pathway of intraneuronal oligomeric Abeta in mammals and the protective roles of Omi in neurodegeneration, suggesting a novel therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases.</P>

HtrA2 interacts with A beta peptide but does not directly alter its production or degradation.

Liu, Meng-Lu,Liu, Ming-Jie,Kim, Jin-Man,Kim, Hyeon-Jin,Kim, Jeong-Hak,Hong, Seong-Tshool Korean Society for Molecular Biology 2005 Molecules and cells Vol.20 No.1

<P>HtrA2/Omi is a mammalian mitochondrial serine protease homologous to the E. coli HtrA/DegP gene products. Recently, HtrA2/Omi was found to have a dual role in mammalian cells, acting as an apoptosis-inducing protein and being involved in maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis. By screening a human brain cDNA library with A beta peptide as bait in a yeast two-hybrid system, we identified HtrA2/Omi as a binding partner of A beta peptide. The interaction between A beta peptide and HtrA2/Omi was confirmed by an immunoblot binding assay. The possible involvement of HtrA2/Omi in A beta peptide metabolism was investigated. In vitro peptide cleavage assays showed that HtrA2/Omi did not directly promote the production of A beta peptide at the beta/gamma-secretase level, or the degradation of A beta peptide. However, overexpression of HtrA2/Omi in K269 cells decreased the production of A beta40 and A beta42 by up to 30%. These results rule out the involvement of HtrA2/Omi in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. However, the fact that overexpression of HtrA2/Omi reduces the generation of A beta40 and A beta42 suggests that it may play some positive role in mammalian cells.</P>

Lack of Assocation of Glutathione S-transferase T1 Gene Null and Susceptibility to Lung Cancer in China: a Meta-analysis

Liu, Hong-Zhou,Peng, Jie,Zheng, Fang,Wang, Chun-Hong,Han, Ming-Jun Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12

Background: Variation in metabolic genes is regarded as an important factor in processes leading to cancer. However, the effect of GSTT1 null genotype is divergent in the form of lung cancer. Methods: Studies were conducted at different research databases from 1990 to 2013 and the total odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for lung cancer. Review Manager 5.2 and STATE 12 are employed. Results: Total OR value is calculated from 17 articles with 2,118 cases and 2,915 controls. We discovered no significant increase in lung cancer risk among subjects carrying GSTT1 null genotype [OR = 1.15; 95% CI 0.97-1.36] in this meta-analysis. Conclusion: The GSTT1 deletion polymorphism does not have a significant effect on the susceptibility to lung cancer overall in China.

Improving the Self-adaptive Rate Control to Wireless Multicast for Virtual Environment

Liu Li,Chen Hong-qian,ChenYi,YaoChun-Lian 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.9 No.11

Distributed virtual environment requires high stability and low delay to support real-time data transmission for large number of users. In wireless network-based virtual environment, traditional transmission protocol fails to meet the requirements of virtual environment due to variety of nodes distribution, complexity, and difference of bandwidth. Based on our research of rate control for distributed virtual environment, we hereby propose a bandwidth self-adaptive rate control algorithm based on layers of interest. According to effective bandwidth of proxy gateway in distributed virtual environment, this method solving the problem of time inconsistency between publishers and subscribers, constraining occupied bandwidth within the range of effective bandwidth of gateways. Our experiments prove that this algorithm can solve the problem that users’needs of interactive with each other very frequently in wireless network virtual environment. The algorithm automatically match data transmission based on bandwidth and the received datagram is smooth and much more stable. The prime performances meet our expected research objectives.

Influence of Semi-active Suspension on Running Safety of Vehicles

Hong-You Liu,Da-Lian Yu 한국철도학회 2010 International Journal of Railway Vol.3 No.2

Railway vehicles equipped with semi-active suspension system can improve the ride quality of car bodies. Semi-active suspension system is usually applied onto high speed train, and therefore higher running safety requirement is desirable. The influence of semi-active suspension system on safety of vehicles running on straight line and curve line is studied, and the influences of sky hook damping coefficient and system time-delay on operational safety of cars fitted with semiactive suspension system is analyzed. The results show that in vehicles equipped with semi-active suspension system, while the vibration of car body is decreased, the running safety of cars is not affected to any significant degree. As a result, the ride quality is much improved with negligible deterioration of the running safety of cars.