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한창훈 ( Chang Hoon Han ),김원중 ( Won Joong Kim ) 한국병원경영학회 1999 병원경영학회지 Vol.4 No.2
The main objective oh this paper is to perform an empirical analysis on the relationship between various marketing activities and financial performance of Korean hospitals. A survey was conducted through structured questionnaire for 495 hospitals, and data from 218 hospitals were utilized in the final analysis. (response rate : 44%) Survey items include general characteristics of the hospitals (size, type, location), degree of competition, financial performance, marketing organization/ budget, and level of various marketing activities in service development, access improvement, promotion, and pricing. We examine descriptive statistics of the response scores on marketing activities to evaluate the current status of marketing management of Korean hospitals, compare the results across hospital size, type and location, and perform regression analysis to investigate the relationship between marketing and financial performance. Major findings are as follows : 1) About 46% of the responding hospitals gave marketing departments although they are named as 'planning' or 'PR' departments, and the marketing budget on average represents 1.74% of the total expenditures. 2) Average level of marketing activities is calculated to be about 3.32 on 5-point scale, meaning that Korean hospitals implement their marketing programs 'somewhat actively'; however, the scores on the areas of marketing planning and strategy are relatively low. 3) Large hospitals tend to be more active in marketing than small hospitals, and public hospitals' activities in marketing are not lower compared to private hospitals. 4) Level of overall marketing activities is positively related with financial performance measured by various financial indicators except for profitability, implying that marketing is successful in revenue generation but needs to be more cost-effective. Also, when the marketing variables are separately included in the regression, no significant relationship is found, which means that various marketing activities are more effective when they are collectively implemented.
현준석(Jun Seog Hyun),김원중(Won Joong Kim) 한국무역연구원 2015 貿易 硏究 Vol.11 No.4
Under the Balassa-Samuelson model, the long-run equilibrium exchange rate condition is derived by assuming that the wage in the tradable goods equals that in the non-tradable goods. This paper relaxes this assumption and empirically examines the importance of wage differential between tradable and non-tradable goods in the long-run exchange rate. The cointegration analyses show that, in both nominal won/dollar exchange rate and in nominal effective exchange rate of won, the long-run equilibrium patterns in exchange rates are not found with the classical Balassa-Samuelson model. However, with the wage differential in the model, we find a strong long-run equilibrium in exchange rate. Based on the results, it is suggested that wage differential which also accounts for the differences in the labor market between tradable and non-tradable goods, should be included to analyze the long-run movement in the nominal exchange rate.
김원중 ( Won Joong Kim ) 경남대학교 교육문제연구소 2006 敎育理論과 實踐 Vol.16 No.-
It is a big problem that Korean school counseling centers have not been often visited by students. According to a survey, just 20.9 percent of the students had ever visited school counseling centers. Another survey showed that 0.8% of adolescents asked professional counselors for help and 4.3% discussed with their teachers when they had problems. Most of them consulted with their friends or mothers. Besides, a study of Korea Youth Counseling Institute showed that among teenagers with counseling experience, only a quarter of them wanted counseling for themselves, and the others were forced to do that by their parents, teachers or the police. Fortunately, online counseling is becoming popular in recent years. Korea Youth Counseling Institute started to provide cyber counseling in 1998, and online clients has increased every year. It`s desirable that online counseling is taking root as one of counseling methods, but it cannot be a perfect alternative to face-to-face counseling. Expecting the former to make the latter unnecessary is dangerous. A lot of youth problems must be handled by face-to-face counseling, not by online one. However, a survey showed that face-to-face counseling was on the decrease lately. It is important to boost face-to-face counseling. To do so, we have some tasks as follows. Firstly, the way teenagers look at counseling center should be changed. They should no longer be forced to come to counseling center by others. And the fact that the objects of counseling are not troublemakers but people who have worry and anxiety should be remembered. School counseling centers should stop calling and scolding troublemakers. Instead, they should be dedicated to a small number of voluntary clients, and the best way to publicize counseling center is through the word of mouth among those who have been helped by it.
『사기(史記)』「자객열전(刺客列傳)」 ‘형가전(荊軻傳)’의 서사 기법 연구
김원중 ( Kim Won-joong ),심은경 ( Shim Eun-kyung ) 충남대학교 유학연구소 2024 儒學硏究 Vol.66 No.-
본고는 『사기(史記)』「자객열전(刺客列傳)」에서 ‘형가전(荊軻傳)’의 서사 기법을 검토한 것으로, 사마천이 자객과 유협의 공통분모로서 의(義)로 대표되는 형가라는 인물을 중심으로 인물 간 갈등 양상을 문학적으로 형상화한 점에 주목한 논문이다. 즉, 사마천이 형가의 진나라 왕 시해 사건을 소재로 형가의 임무 수행과정의 심리적 갈등과 서사적 인과 과정을 밀도 있게 구성한 지점을 구체적으로 검토한 것이다. 사마천은 ‘형경(荊卿)’이 유사(遊士)임을 밝히고, 형가의 세 일화를 거론하며 “호독서격검(好讀書擊劍)”이라는 형가의 성향을 밝혔는데, 이것이 ‘형가전’ 전체 구도와 연계하여 결말의 복선 역할을 하고 있으며, 고점리와 노구천의 일화를 통해 수미일관된 구성 체계를 구축하고 있다는 점을 입증했다. 사마천은 ‘국무-태자 단’의 대화 기법을 통해 원한과 복수심에 찬 태자 단의 면모를 형상화하여 인물 간 갈등의 모티브를 제시하였고, ‘형가-전광-태자 단’으로 이어지는 ‘의(義):의(疑)’의 대립 구도를 구축하였다. 형가와 선비 전광의 만남을 시작으로 태자 단에게 형가가 소개되고 거사를 치를 인사로 낙점되는 과정이 자세하게 묘사되고 있는데, ‘국무-전광-형가’로 이어지는 의로운 인물군과 성급하고 의심 많은 태자 단의 갈등 양상을 다룬 서사 기법이 일품이다. 이로써 사마천은 형가를 선비와 협객의 면모를 겸비한 의리 있는 인물로 형상화하고, 노구천과 고점리의 일화를 통해 자객의 의리를 재조명하는 효과를 기대하게 만든다. 자객 형가가 추구한 것은 ‘유협’의 정신 속에 사회적 정의를 실현하고자 한 것으로, 결국 시대의 고뇌를 기꺼이 담당하려는 유사로서의 심리적 동인(動因)이 작동하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 요컨대, 형가는 일개 자객이지만 당시의 형세를 읽어내는 안목과 자질을 두루 갖춘 선비로서 이 비운의 인물이 지닌 숙명을 비장하게 그려낸 사마천의 탁월한 서사 기법을 심도 있게 고찰한 데에 본고의 의의가 있다. This paper attempt to study the embodiment of Jingke in The Biography of the Assassins in the Historical Records, focusing on the literary characteristics by way of attention to the fact that Sima Qian embodies the spirit of scholarship of representing the righteousness as a common denominator of the assassin and chivalrous fighter. Sima Qian used the incident that Jingke tried to murder the First Qin Emperror, and delicately described the igniting process of his feelings and atmosphere in achieving the rebellion. Making public the similarity as a name for Jingke, followed by the three tales in times when Jingke was wandering around, these tales illuminated Jingke's personality called ''good reading fencing'', at the same time playing the plot role of the entire theme and ending in the story of Jingke. The developing epitasis embodied the appearance of The Crown Prince Dan filled with the resentment and the revenge thus ignoring the desperate advice by Gukmu, showing the contradictory underplot and double track of righteousness and suspicion in sequence of ''Jingke-Tianguang-The Crown Prince Dan.'' The encounter of Jingke with scholar Tianguanggave the chance to be introduced to The Crown Prince Dan and to be selected as an assassin. These righteous ''Jumu-Tianguang-Jingke'' persons show the conflicting relationships due to the hasty, suspicious, and greedy foolishness of the Crown Prince Dan. In addition to this, the relationship structure between ''Tianguang-Jingke'' and ''The Crown Prince Dan - Fanwuqi'' realized the trust and righteousness, highlighting the conflicting aspects of ''The Crown Prince Dan-Jingke'' structured as righteousness and suspicion. The Crown Prince Dan offered a mission of assassin, which generated the Jingke's conflicting feeling as the chivalrous fighter good at both literacy and military arts. Sima Qian depicted the appearances of Jingke through the tales of Lujujian and Gaojianli, structuring dilogical hierarchy, simultaneously embodying the character as realizing the stage of ''A scholar dies for the person who recognizes himself.'' In particular, it can be seen that the psychological driver to pursue self-realization is working, although what the self-attended brother-in-law pursued is moral, honor, and achievement. It is meaningful to examine Sima Qian's excellent narrative technique, which depicts the fate of this unlucky character, as a scholar with a wide range of perspectives and qualities to read the situation at the time.
젊은 한국 여성의 시상면상 골반 형태에 대한 방사선학적 계측
김원중(Won Joong Kim),이상호(Sang-Ho Lee),민상혁(Sang-Hyuk Min),최병관(Byung Kwan Choi),이은숙(Eun-Suk Lee),신송우(Song-Woo Shin) 대한정형외과학회 2005 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.40 No.1
목적: 척추의 시상면상 균형과 밀접한 관계가 있는 골반의 형태 요소 중 가장 많이 사용되는 pelvic lordosis angle (PRS1)과 pelvic angle of incidence (AQI)를 측정하여 한국 여자 성인에서의 평균치와 평균적인 범위를 설정하는 것이었다. 대상 및 방법: 후향적 탐색을 통하여 2002년 1월 1일부터 12월 31일까지 본원에 내원하였던 20대와 30대의 발병 2주 미만의 급성 요부 염좌 환자들을 골라 전화 문진을 실시하였다. 문진상 당해 급성 염좌가 단발성이었고 완전히 회복되어 정상 적인 일상생활로 복귀한 경우에 한하여 기립 측면 방사선 디지털 영상 사진 상에서 PRS1과 AOI를 계측하였다. 환자들의 병록번호순으로 측정을 시행하여 20대와 30대의 수가 각각 40명이 되도록 하였다. 결과: 두 각도 모두 연령간의 차이는 없었다. 평균 PRS1은 38.7±8.3° (range: 13.6-52.9° 였으며 평균 AOI는 48.5±9.4° (range: 30.5-74.7°)였다. PRS1과 AOI 사이에는 밀접한 상관관계가 있었으며(상관계수, r=-0.965), PRS1=79.909-0.850×AOI, AOI=90.902-1.096×PRS1 (linear regression analysis, p=0.000, R²=0.931) 의 관계가 있었다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과는 향후 한국인의 시상 만곡과 척추골반 균형의 연구와 수술적 복원에 대한 연구의 기초자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: To determine the normative data for the pelvic morphology parameters in the young Korean female population. Materials and Methods: Young Korean female patients in 20s and 30s who had visited the outpatient clinic for a first attack acute sprain underwent a telephone interview at a minimum of 1 year after their last hospital visit. Those who had recovered completely and had no back-related complaints were selected for the pelvic lordosis angle (PRS1) and pelvic angle of incidence (AOI) measurements (n=40 each age group). Results: There was no age difference in both parameters. The PRS1 in the young female population was 38.7±8.3° (range: 13.6-52.9°) and the AOI was 48.5±9.4° (range: 30.5-74.7°), which shows a close correlation between the two parameters (correlation coefficient, r=-0.965). The linear regression equation obtained is as follow; Equation I: PRS1=79.909-0.850×AOI, Equation Ⅱ: AOI=90.902-1.096×PRS1 (linear regression analysis, p=0.000, R²=0.931). Conclusion: The data obtained from the study may be used for future studies related to the sagittal spinopelvic balance.
16세기 카스티야 코르테스와 마드리드 - 도시대표들 Procuradores 의 선출 , 권한 , 경제적 보상을 중심으로 -
김원중 (Won Joong Kim) 한국서양사학회 1999 西洋史論 Vol.61 No.1
According to the traditional interpretation, in Castile, with the defeat of the revolution of Comuneros in 1521, absolute monarchy was established, and the Cortes was reduced to `little more than a rubber stamp`. But new investigations after the 1970s insist that the Cortes of early modern Castile, far from being in decline, mattered a good deal more than assumed, and from the point of view of the Crown, a far more inconvenient body than they had been in the previous century. This study is an attempt to clarify this question by means of one example ; the case of Madrid. In relation to this question, the author intended to verify is the type of the bond(as it were, procuradores) that binded the Cortes with cities, because the relation between the Cortes and the monarchy was defined by the medium of them. For this work, it was necessary to clarify the basic questions : the system of election of procuradores, the power which the cities endowed to the procuradores, and the system of the economic benefits assigned to them, etc... The result of this investigation holds up the revisionism in the interpretation of the question of the Cortes of Castile ; the Castilian kings did not have active intention to intervene in the election of the procuradores ; voto decisivo(decisive vote) in the Cortes meeting was always in the hands of the regidores of the city councils; and even if the procuradores enjoyed various economic benefits from the Crown, it did not mean the surbordinate attitude of the procuradores. In conclusion, with regard to the political significance of the Cortes of Castile, it can be said that the Cortes of the early modern Castile had two different concepts ; the one is the Cortes as a representative institution of whole kingdom, and the other is the Cortes as a representative organ of the urban oligarchy of Castile. Of this two concepts, the role of the former declined, but not the role of the latter. Whatever intention of the procuradores might be, they were under the absolute influence of the city councils. The city council members (regidores), in opposition to the excessive demand of the Crown, expressed, sometimes with violence, the interest of the cities, or rather, of the urban oligarchy itself.
경로분석을 이용한 서울 외국인 임대주택의 임대료 결정모형에 관한 연구
김원중(Kim, Won Joong),성주한(Sung, Joo Han) 한국부동산학회 2013 不動産學報 Vol.53 No.-
1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The purpose of this paper is to define the factors affecting the rents of rental housing for the expatriates residing in U.N.Village, which is a gated community located in the heart of Hannam-Dong, Seoul. (2) RESEARCH METHOD Actual transaction data was collected for period between 2011 and 2012, and the main tool of analysis that we employ is the Path Analysis model. (3) RESEARCH FINDINGS The analysis show that the most important element influencing the rents of rental housing for the expatriates is the size of residence among housing characteristics. And monthly management fees and the number of parking lots for each unit are found to be the second and the third determinants of the rents. 2. RESULTS This study identifies residence space is the key determinant not only to the rents of rental housings for foreign residents but also to the transaction price of housings for local residents.
『史記』 「屈原賈生列傳」을 통해서 본 司馬遷의 치유적 글쓰기 전략 - 發憤과 憐愍의 승화적 차원을 중심으로 -
김원중(Kim, Won-Joong) 동북아시아문화학회 2019 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.59
This study examines the expressions of resentment (怨) and rage (憤) in Sima Qian’s “Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng” (屈原賈生列傳) in the Records of the Grand Historian. The examination reveals that Sima Qian’s choice of biographic subjects and narrative techniques can be understood as the writer’s efforts to heal his own psychological trauma caused by wrongful imprisonment and castration. Sima Qian chose Qu Yuan (屈原 c. 340–278 BC) and Jia Sheng (Jia Yi 賈生 c. 200-169 BC) as biography subjects and depicted them as tragic heroes. The writer expressed his deep sympathy for Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng, who lived unfortunate lives suffering from false accusations made by people jealous of their outstanding literary talents. The author used a river motif and paralleled the lives of Qu Yuan, Jia Sheng, and himself in the work. Qu Yuan weighed himself down with a stone and committed suicide by wading into the Miluo River. More than a hundred years after Qu Yuan’s death, during the Han Dynasty, Jia Sheng went to the Xiang River and wrote a funeral oration for the river to mourn Qu Yuan. Sima Qian also went to the Xiang river and mourned the two with tears. He highlighted a literary setting-a river-to enable readers to identify the three as tragic heroes. He also used Jia Sheng’s reading about Qu Yuan and his own readings about the two people to explore the nuances of empathy. This characterization is Sima Qian’s strategy to reveal himself as a tragic hero similar to the famous two from the past and evoke readers’ sympathy.